1985 Mexico City earthquake - Quiz
Mexico City earthquake
  • 1. What is identified as one of the two main reasons for the earthquake damage to buildings?
A) Resonance in the lakebed sediments
B) Poor quality of construction materials
C) The depth of the epicenter
D) Lack of emergency services
  • 2. Which height range of buildings experienced the most damage during the earthquake?
A) 1 to 5 stories
B) Over 40 stories
C) 16 to 20 stories
D) 6 to 15 stories
  • 3. What happened to some buildings that had 'soft' stories used for parking or lobbies?
A) They were the most stable structures
B) They acted as shock absorbers
C) They were the only buildings to remain upright
D) They tended to collapse after prolonged shaking
  • 4. Why did one nine-story building overturn during the earthquake?
A) Its piles were pulled out of the ground
B) The roof was too heavy
C) It was built on unstable concrete
D) It was hit by a nearby skyscraper
  • 5. Which buildings suffered the least amount of damage?
A) Structures built between 1976 and 1985
B) Buildings built between 1957 and 1976
C) All buildings built before 1980
D) Buildings built before 1957
  • 6. How many boroughs contained eighty percent of the earthquake damage?
A) Two
B) Eight
C) Four
D) Sixteen
  • 7. What notable building survived the earthquake almost undamaged?
A) The Tlatelolco tower
B) The Alameda Central palace
C) The Zócalo monument
D) Torre Latinoamericana
  • 8. What was a characteristic of the damage found in many buildings?
A) The buildings tilted 45 degrees without collapsing
B) All windows shattered before the structure fell
C) The foundations sank entirely into the earth
D) Upper floors collapsed while lower floors remained relatively undamaged
  • 9. When were the first building codes regarding earthquake resistance passed in Mexico City?
A) 1976
B) 1940
C) 1985
D) 1957
  • 10. What allowed the Torre Latinoamericana to survive the earthquake?
A) It was located far from the lakebed
B) It was built with lightweight wood
C) Its low height of three stories
D) Piles extending into the stable earth stratum
  • 11. How far was the damage area from the Alameda Central?
A) Less than one kilometre
B) Ten to fifteen kilometres
C) Exactly five kilometres
D) Two to four kilometres
  • 12. Why did building regulations passed in 1976 fail to prevent the damage in 1985?
A) They were withdrawn shortly after being passed
B) They were not designed for an event of that intensity
C) They were never enforced by the government
D) They only applied to houses, not office buildings
  • 13. What was the secondary cause of damage mentioned for some adjacent buildings?
A) Flooding from the nearby lake
B) Banging against the walls and columns of a neighbor
C) Ground liquefaction turning the building into mud
D) Weight of snow on the roof
  • 14. What is described as a 'soft' story?
A) A floor built with flexible glass
B) A floor constructed with wood instead of steel
C) A floor designed as a parking garage or open lobby
D) A floor located at the very top of a building
  • 15. Which tectonic plate subducts under the North American plate?
A) Pacific plate
B) Cocos plate
C) Nazca plate
D) Caribbean plate
  • 16. What is the name of the specific section of the fault line where the earthquake occurred?
A) Balsas trench
B) Pacific subduction ridge
C) Mexico City fault zone
D) Michoacán seismic gap
  • 17. At what time did the shockwaves reach Mexico City?
A) 8:00 am
B) 7:17 am
C) 7:19 am
D) 7:21 am
  • 18. How long after the first movement did the second movement of the quake occur?
A) 13 seconds
B) 10 minutes
C) 26 seconds
D) 2 minutes
  • 19. What was the estimated movement along the fault line?
A) One metre
B) Three metres
C) Five metres
D) Ten metres
  • 20. What was the magnitude of the aftershock on 20 September 1985?
A) 5.2
B) 8.1
C) 7.5
D) 7.0
  • 21. How many nuclear weapons was the energy of the main event equivalent to?
A) 2,000
B) 114
C) 1,114
D) 500
  • 22. What was the intensity of the earthquake in Lázaro Cárdenas on the Modified Mercalli scale?
A) V
B) IX
C) X
D) VII
  • 23. How long did ground shaking last in parts of Mexico City?
A) Ten minutes
B) One minute
C) Three minutes
D) Five minutes
  • 24. Which country reported the highest tsunami waves of 60 cm?
A) Mexico
B) United States
C) Ecuador
D) Chile
  • 25. How many earthquakes of magnitude 7.0 or stronger had occurred in the subduction zone in the 20th century prior to 1985?
A) 12
B) 42
C) 100
D) 5
  • 26. What was the magnitude of the main earthquake shock?
A) 5.2
B) 8.0
C) 7.0
D) 7.5
  • 27. Who was the President of Mexico during the 1985 earthquake?
A) Aztec ruler
B) Miguel de la Madrid
C) Desagüe coordinator
D) Institutional Revolutionary Party leader
  • 28. What geological feature contributes to the amplification of seismic waves in Mexico City?
A) Coastal sand dunes
B) High mountains
C) Ancient lake bed
D) Deep ocean trenches
  • 29. What is the primary reason the downtown area of Mexico City is vulnerable to earthquakes?
A) Height of the surrounding mountains
B) Proximity to a fault line
C) Surface geology
D) High population density
  • 30. Which type of material is the old lake bed primarily made of?
A) Dense sand and rock
B) Hardened basalt lava
C) Solid granite
D) Soft clay from volcanic ash
  • 31. What process causes a loss of foundation support during an earthquake in Mexico City?
A) Resonance stabilization
B) Soil liquefaction
C) Volcanic eruption
D) Hydraulic drainage
  • 32. Which area of Mexico City suffered the most building damage during the 1985 earthquake?
A) Venustiano Carranza
B) The historic downtown periphery
C) Cuauhtémoc
D) The residential outer rim
  • 33. How many buildings completely crumbled in the Cuauhtémoc area?
A) 143
B) 258
C) 181
D) 83
  • 34. How many tons of debris were removed in the first six weeks following the earthquake?
A) Over 880,000
B) Over 68,000
C) Over 720,000
D) Over 30,000
  • 35. According to the Metropolitan Commission for Emergencies, what percentage of buildings in the city were completely ruined?
A) 31%
B) 50%
C) 10%
D) 13%
  • 36. How many housing units were reported destroyed in the 1985 earthquake?
A) More than 2,831
B) More than 720,000
C) More than 30,000
D) More than 68,000
  • 37. In what year was Hospital Juárez originally founded?
A) 1872
B) 1847
C) 1985
D) 1970
  • 38. What was the original name of Hospital Juárez?
A) Metropolitan Hospital
B) Juárez Tower
C) San Pablo Hospital
D) Convent Hospital
  • 39. What was the inpatient capacity of the hospital tower?
A) 258 beds
B) 188 beds
C) 536 beds
D) 720 beds
  • 40. At the time of the earthquake, how full was Hospital Juárez?
A) 50%
B) 100%
C) 80%
D) 31%
  • 41. How many bodies were found at Hospital Juárez in total?
A) 266
B) 188
C) 44
D) 561
  • 42. How many hospital workers died at the Hospital Juárez site?
A) 266
B) 188
C) 44
D) 561
  • 43. What was the name of the garment factory mentioned in the text?
A) Othón
B) Colonia
C) Topeka
D) San Antonio
  • 44. What is the neighborhood where the factory was situated?
A) Colonia Obrera
B) Topeka District
C) San Antonio
D) Center City
  • 45. How were the first 150 bodies pulled from the wreckage?
A) By heavy machinery operated by the owners
B) By professional rescue teams
C) By government emergency services
D) By fellow employees using bare hands
  • 46. What did the collapse of the factory expose about the garment industry?
A) State-of-the-art building design
B) Deplorable working conditions
C) Adherence to labor laws
D) Excellent safety regulations
  • 47. What was built on the remainder of the factory property?
A) A government office
B) A new factory
C) Apartments
D) A public park
  • 48. What was the general state of the factory building before the collapse?
A) Reinforced with steel
B) Sturdy and modern
C) Newly renovated
D) Decrepit
  • 49. Which part of the Conalep SPP building fell down completely?
A) The microwave tower
B) The part overlooking Humboldt Street
C) The part overlooking Iturbide Street
D) The entire building
  • 50. Approximately how many people died in the Conalep SPP building?
A) Around 200
B) Around 300
C) Around 120
D) Around 50
  • 51. What now occupies the site of the Conjunto Pino Suárez?
A) A hotel
B) A museum
C) A market
D) A park
  • 52. What type of architectural style was the Hotel Regis?
A) Art Deco
B) Neo-Classical
C) Modernist
D) Baroque
  • 53. What caused the Hotel Regis to catch fire after its collapse?
A) A gas leak
B) The gourmet restaurant kitchen
C) Electrical wiring
D) Nearby building debris
  • 54. Which museum houses the mural originally from the Hotel Del Prado?
A) Museo Mural Diego Rivera
B) Mexico City Art Gallery
C) Historic Center Museum
D) Hotel Regis Museum
  • 55. In which city did the 1985 earthquake occur?
A) Guadalajara
B) Mexico City
C) Monterrey
D) Puebla
  • 56. Which apartment complex was located near the Metro Centro Médico?
A) Paseo de la Reforma
B) Multifamiliar Juárez
C) Nuevo León
D) Conjunto Urbano Nonoalco Tlatelolco
  • 57. Under whose presidency was the Nonoalco Tlatelolco complex constructed?
A) Adolfo López Mateos
B) Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
C) Miguel de la Madrid
D) Luis Echeverría
  • 58. How many buildings were in the Nonoalco Tlatelolco complex?
A) 200
B) 102
C) 50
D) 12
  • 59. How many buildings in the Nonoalco Tlatelolco complex were demolished in the six months following the quake?
A) 5
B) 102
C) 30
D) 12
  • 60. How many structures in the Multifamiliar Juárez complex were eventually demolished?
A) Three
B) Nine
C) One hundred
D) Twelve
  • 61. How many schools were located in the Nonoalco Tlatelolco complex?
A) Twenty-two
B) Fifty
C) Seven
D) One hundred
  • 62. Which television program was broadcasting live when the 1985 Mexico City earthquake struck?
A) Primero Noticias
B) Hoy Mismo
C) 24 Horas
D) El Noticiero
  • 63. Who was the principal anchor of Hoy Mismo who was on leave during the earthquake?
A) David Mendoza Córcega
B) Juan Dosal
C) Ernesto Villanueva
D) Guillermo Ochoa
  • 64. Which of the following died as a result of the collapse at Televisa?
A) Lourdes Guerrero
B) Ernesto Villanueva
C) Juan Dosal
D) Guillermo Ochoa
  • 65. What is the current name of the building formerly known as Televicentro?
A) Televisa Chapultepec
B) Arena México
C) Hilton Mexico City Reforma
D) Centro Cultural Telmex
  • 66. Which venue had all its lucha libre events cancelled that weekend due to the earthquake?
A) Hotel D'Carlo
B) Arena México
C) Los Televiteatros
D) Televicentro
  • 67. How many schools collapsed during the earthquake?
A) 32
B) 1,687
C) 101
D) 137
  • 68. What percentage of the population was without electricity after the quake?
A) 40%
B) 20%
C) 50%
D) 70%
  • 69. How many stations did the Metro system have at the time of the earthquake?
A) 137
B) 32
C) 163
D) 101
  • 70. How many hospitals of six or more floors were destroyed or partially destroyed?
A) Six
B) Thirteen
C) Twenty-four
D) Forty
  • 71. Which institution was considered the most important hospital complex in Latin America at the time?
A) General Hospital of Mexico
B) The National Medical Center (IMSS)
C) Juárez Hospital
D) The ISSSTE hospital
  • 72. How many buildings at the National Medical Center suffered severe damage?
A) All 25 buildings
B) Only 6 buildings
C) Half of the buildings
D) None of the buildings
  • 73. How much of the ISSSTE hospital capacity was lost?
A) 60 percent
B) 36 percent
C) 25 percent
D) 43 percent
  • 74. What percentage of the Ministry of Health (SSA) capacity in the city was lost?
A) 25 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 43 percent
D) 36 percent
  • 75. Why was damage moderated in most inland areas of western Mexico?
A) The soil is mostly sand
B) The buildings were constructed of wood
C) The region sits on bedrock
D) The distance from the ocean
  • 76. How long did President Miguel de la Madrid wait to address the situation?
A) 39 hours
B) 24 hours
C) 10 days
D) 4 hours
  • 77. What was the population of the city at the time of the earthquake?
A) 250,000
B) 5,000
C) 700,000
D) 18 million
  • 78. What was the maximum duration after the earthquake that a person was still found alive?
A) Ten days
B) Two days
C) 39 hours
D) Four hours
  • 79. Which political party was in power during the 1985 earthquake?
A) PRI
B) PAN
C) PRD
D) Morena
  • 80. Which country's aid was specifically rejected by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs?
A) Spain
B) United States
C) France
D) Canada
  • 81. What did the military allegedly help factory owners retrieve?
A) Records
B) Raw materials
C) Machinery
D) Cash
  • 82. What determined who received assistance according to the text?
A) Severity of injuries
B) Standing vis-à-vis the PRI
C) Income level
D) Geographic location
  • 83. What requirement did the PRHP use to determine who was included in the census of earthquake victims?
A) PRI-membership
B) Residence in Tlatelolco
C) Employment as a seamstress
D) Affiliation with CUD
  • 84. Who replaced Guillermo Carrillo Arena as head of SEDUE?
A) The head of the CUD
B) A representative from the Sindicato Nacional de Costureras
C) Miguel de la Madrid
D) Manuel Camacho Solís
  • 85. On what date did the Mexican government announce it would accept foreign aid?
A) 25 September
B) 21 September
C) 20 September
D) 19 September
  • 86. Who toured Mexico City with the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico following the earthquake?
A) John Gavin
B) Ronald Reagan
C) Miguel de la Madrid
D) Nancy Reagan
  • 87. How did the public respond to President de la Madrid during his post-earthquake appearances?
A) With overwhelming support.
B) With silence and mourning.
C) With near-reverence.
D) With strong heckling.
  • 88. What did the disaster reveal about Mexico's social structure according to Burton Kirkwood?
A) The total collapse of social order.
B) The need for a more centralized state.
C) A viable civil society existed.
D) The strength of the PRI party machine.
  • 89. What is the origin of the 'Brigada de Topos de Tlatelolco'?
A) Spontaneous volunteers
B) Military search teams
C) International volunteer agencies
D) Government emergency training
  • 90. When did the 'topos' formally band together as a group?
A) December 1985
B) February 1986
C) January 1987
D) September 1985
  • 91. What do the 'topos' now use to help them in rescue operations?
A) Drones
B) Satellite mapping
C) Scent dogs
D) Heavy machinery only
  • 92. In which country did the 'topos' provide assistance following a 2010 disaster?
A) Indonesia
B) Japan
C) Chile
D) Haiti
  • 93. How many families were still waiting for relocation from earthquake camps in 2005?
A) Five hundred
B) Eighty
C) Ten
D) Two thousand
  • 94. In what year did an earthquake strike on the same date as the 1985 disaster during a drill?
A) 2005
B) 2017
C) 2020
D) 2010
  • 95. Which of these regions also has sensors for the Sistema de Alerta Sísmica?
A) Chihuahua
B) Oaxaca
C) Veracruz
D) Jalisco
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