A) Monoculture planting B) Road construction C) Animal overgrazing D) Soil erosion
A) Thermal degradation B) Seismic activity C) Water erosion D) Volcanic ash deposition
A) By increasing soil aeration B) By reducing soil temperature C) By increasing impermeable surfaces D) By promoting plant growth
A) Overgrazing of animals B) Organic composting C) Drip irrigation D) Crop rotation
A) About 10% B) About 50% C) About 38% D) About 75%
A) More than 6 billion people B) About 1 billion people C) More than 2 billion people D) About 4 billion people
A) Reduced by 10% B) Reduced by 50% C) Reduced by 5% D) Reduced by over 75%
A) 80–100% B) 10–50% C) 1–5% D) 50–80%
A) Exactly 25% B) Between 5% and 20% C) Less than 10% D) More than 50%
A) Developing countries B) Developed countries C) Western Europe D) North America
A) 50.0% B) 8.2% C) 40.5% D) 2.1%
A) Tornadoes and hurricanes B) Tsunamis and wildfires C) Mud flows and floods D) Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
A) Eutrophication B) Soil alkalization C) Glacial melting D) Desalination
A) Fish nutrients B) Agricultural inputs and industrial, urban, and road pollutants C) Pure mineral deposits D) Only natural organic matter
A) US$700 million B) US$44 billion C) US$400 billion D) US$915 million
A) About US$10 billion B) About US$1 trillion C) About US$44 billion D) About US$400 billion
A) 1974 B) 1994 C) 2004 D) 1984
A) Central America B) Eastern Australia C) Northern Europe D) Densely populated South Asia
A) Crop rotation B) Permaculture gardening C) Agroforestry D) Monoculture planting
A) Sustainable forestry B) Hydroponic farming C) Improper agriculture practices D) Urban planning
A) Tilling or plowing B) Mulching C) No-till farming D) Cover cropping
A) Soil erosion acceleration B) Soil nutrient enrichment C) Increased crop yield D) Enhanced biodiversity
A) It eliminates food shortages B) It has no impact on food security C) It improves food security D) It reduces food security
A) Floods can degrade soil, and soil degradation can cause floods B) Soil prevents floods, and floods create soil C) There is no relationship between floods and soil D) Floods improve soil, and soil repairs floods
A) Pesticides and fertilizers B) Dissolved calcium and magnesium C) Freshwater and oxygen D) Plankton and algae
A) Because of the multiplicity of the products and their broad spectrum of action B) Because they have no ecological effect C) Because they are completely natural D) Because they disappear instantly
A) Perturbation B) Enhancement C) Multiplication D) Stabilization
A) Mutation B) Flourishing C) Disappearance D) Duplication
A) Biodiversity loss and animal extinction B) Animal migration and population boom C) Expansion of ecosystems D) Increased species adaptation
A) Climax B) Humification C) Retrogression D) Pedolysis
A) Retrogression B) Climax C) Pedolysis D) Succession
A) Original rock B) Pioneer species C) Vegetation D) Bare rock outcrops
A) Herbaceous vegetation B) Lichens and mosses C) Secondary communities D) Pioneer species
A) Secondary communities B) Mineral horizons C) Climax vegetation D) Pioneer species
A) Human activity B) Pioneer species C) Climax vegetation D) Natural physical states
A) 50% B) 33% C) 25% D) 23%
A) 33% B) 23% C) 25% D) 50%
A) 25% B) 33% C) 23% D) 50%
A) Pioneer species B) Shrubs C) Secondary communities D) Climax vegetation
A) Herbaceous vegetation B) Peat bogs C) B horizons D) Bare rock outcrops
A) Lichens B) Bare rock C) Mosses D) Forest
A) The B horizon B) The C horizon C) The bedrock D) The A horizon
A) Climax vegetation horizons B) Mineral horizons (B horizons) C) Pioneer horizons D) Primary plant communities
A) Pedolysis B) Retrogression C) Pioneer stage D) Climax
A) "Humus horizon" B) "Secondary community" C) "Bare rock outcrop" D) "Natural potential"
A) The evolution towards climax B) The removal of mineral nutrients C) The process of soil degradation D) The erosion of the A horizon
A) Strictly uniform across all biomes B) Very variable C) Consistently over a million years D) Always exactly one hundred years
A) The International Food Policy Research Institute soil map B) The University of Bonn pastureland C) The Pygmy forest sequence in Mendocino County, California D) The peat bogs of Washington
A) Naturally B) Through intensive human activity C) Through the creation of peat bogs D) Via rapid soil erosion
A) Older soils B) Younger soils with only an A horizon C) Soils dominated by pioneer species D) Soils in the earliest stages of succession
A) Climax B) Peat bog C) Pedolysis D) Biome
A) Biorhexistasy B) Continental drift C) Plate tectonics D) Natural selection
A) Chemically B) Thermally C) Mechanically D) Radioactively
A) Homeostasis B) Catastrophism C) Rhexistasy D) Biostasy
A) Fine clay particles B) Dense vegetation mats C) Coarse detrital materials D) Rich organic humus
A) Synthesis B) Biostasy C) Rhexistasy D) Metamorphosis
A) Stagnant pooling B) Ascending circulation C) Descending leaching D) Horizontal displacement
A) No, it is always partial B) Neither, it is always stable C) No, it is always total D) Yes
A) Leafy tree roots B) The upper horizons C) Nothing D) Humus layers
A) Clearing B) Establishing biostasy C) Planting grasses D) Building root barriers
A) Natural avalanche prevention B) Abusive cuts C) Pioneer condition avoidance D) Water barrier maintenance
A) Ascending circulation support B) Wind barrier construction C) Litters raking D) Humus addition
A) Government regulations B) Short-term benefits C) High financial costs D) Long-term goals
A) Southern Cambodia B) Central Vietnam C) Northeast India D) Northern Thailand
A) Sand and gravel mixtures B) Crushed limestone and volcanic ash C) Synthetic chemical fertilizers D) Organic matter from termite mounds
A) Illite B) Kaolinite C) Bentonite D) Chlorite
A) Quartz B) Mica C) Kaolin D) Smectite
A) Khon Kaen University B) Thailand Science Research Council C) Chiang Mai University D) Bangkok Agricultural Institute
A) 500 kg B) 100 kg C) 50 kg D) 200 kg
A) 18% B) 73% C) 50% D) 100%
A) 2010 B) 1998 C) 2008 D) 2005
A) Five years B) Ten years C) Three years D) One year
A) 500 farmers B) 250 farmers C) 1,000 farmers D) 100 farmers
A) 73% higher B) 35% higher C) 18% higher D) 5% higher
A) Rice B) Rubber trees C) Corn D) Vegetables
A) 250 farmers B) 400 farmers C) 200 farmers D) 20,000 farmers
A) A further 20,000 farmers B) A further 250,000 farmers C) A further 200 farmers D) A further 400 farmers |