- 1. Existentialism and Humanism, a seminal work by Jean-Paul Sartre, serves as a foundational text for understanding the philosophical movement of existentialism and its implications for human freedom and existence. In this profound exploration, Sartre articulates the core tenets of existentialist thought, emphasizing the notion that existence precedes essence, which posits that individuals are not born with a predetermined purpose or identity; rather, they create their own essence through actions and choices in an absurd and seemingly indifferent universe. Sartre argues against the concept of a divine creator, asserting that humans bear the weight of their own freedom and responsibility, leading to feelings of anguish and absurdity when confronted with the void of inherent meaning. He also addresses the ethical dimensions of existentialism, contending that with freedom comes the obligation to acknowledge the freedom of others, thus highlighting the interconnectedness of human existence. This text not only provides a clear exposition of his philosophical ideas but also serves as a rallying cry for individual agency, urging readers to embrace their freedom, confront the challenges of existence, and create their own meaning in a world devoid of inherent truth.
For Sartre, what is the primary consequence of the absence of God?
A) Society must create a new religion.
B) Morality becomes impossible.
C) Humans are condemned to be free.
D) Life has no meaning whatsoever.
- 2. According to Sartre, what does anguish refer to?
A) The fear of death and non-existence.
B) The sadness of a meaningless universe.
C) The feeling of responsibility for all mankind when making a choice.
D) The pain of being separated from God.
- 3. What does Sartre mean by 'abandonment'?
A) We are alone, without God to guide our choices.
B) Society's rejection of the existentialist.
C) The feeling of being orphaned as a child.
D) The state of being left by one's friends.
- 4. Sartre argues that when we choose, we choose for...
A) The approval of God.
B) All of humanity.
C) Ourselves alone.
D) Our community.
- 5. How does Sartre respond to the charge that existentialism leads to quietism?
A) He admits it is a passive philosophy.
B) He argues quietism is the correct path.
C) It is a philosophy of action and engagement.
D) He says action is meaningless.
- 6. What does Sartre say we are?
A) We are fundamentally unknowable.
B) We are a predetermined essence.
C) We are our choices and actions.
D) We are what others say we are.
- 7. Sartre states that man is nothing else but what he...
A) Makes of himself.
B) Is destined to be.
C) Is born as.
D) Is taught to be.
- 8. How does Sartre define subjectivity?
A) The inability to see truth objectively.
B) A personal opinion that is less valid than fact.
C) The inner emotional life of a person.
D) The individual choosing and creating their own meaning.
- 9. What criticism does Sartre address regarding the pessimism of existentialism?
A) He ignores the criticism entirely.
B) He agrees that it is a deeply pessimistic philosophy.
C) He argues it is actually optimistic and empowering.
D) He says pessimism is a necessary truth.
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