Analytic philosophy - Quiz
Analytic philosophy
  • 1. Analytic philosophy is a branch of philosophy that emphasizes clarity, rigor, and logical analysis in the examination of concepts and arguments. It originated in the early 20th century and is characterized by its focus on language, logic, and the philosophy of mind. Analytic philosophers often seek to clarify and analyze the meanings of concepts through the use of logic and language, aiming for precise and well-defined arguments. Key figures in analytic philosophy include Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Gottlob Frege.

    Who formulated the famous 'philosophical zombie' argument?
A) David Chalmers
B) Ludwig Wittgenstein
C) John Dewey
D) Søren Kierkegaard
  • 2. Who is known for his work on logic and philosophy of mathematics in analytic philosophy?
A) Gottlob Frege
B) Jean-Paul Sartre
C) Friedrich Nietzsche
D) Jacques Derrida
  • 3. Which school of thought is closely associated with analytic philosophy?
A) New Age spirituality
B) Structuralism
C) Nihilism
D) Logical positivism
  • 4. Who famously presented the 'Gettier problem' in epistemology within analytic philosophy?
A) Friedrich Hayek
B) Henri Bergson
C) Edmund Gettier
D) David Hume
  • 5. Who is known for his work on the theory of descriptions in analytic philosophy?
A) Michel de Montaigne
B) Karl Marx
C) Simone Weil
D) Bertrand Russell
  • 6. Analytic philosophy originated primarily in which country?
A) Greece
B) Germany
C) France
D) United Kingdom
  • 7. Who introduced the concept of 'language games' in analytic philosophy?
A) Ludwig Wittgenstein
B) Simone de Beauvoir
C) Michel Foucault
D) Martin Heidegger
  • 8. What is the primary language of analytic philosophy?
A) German
B) French
C) English
D) Latin
  • 9. Which school of thought is characterized by an emphasis on analysis, clear prose, and formal logic?
A) Continental philosophy
B) Existentialism
C) Analytic philosophy
D) Phenomenology
  • 10. What is the linguistic turn in analytic philosophy primarily concerned with?
A) Metaphysics and ontology
B) Language and meaning
C) Ethics and morality
D) Aesthetics and art
  • 11. Which philosopher is known for introducing the problem of intentionality?
A) Ludwig Wittgenstein
B) Franz Brentano
C) Bertrand Russell
D) Gottlob Frege
  • 12. What does intentionality refer to in the context of mental phenomena?
A) A mental state's intensity
B) The 'aboutness' or directedness towards an object
C) A physical phenomenon's properties
D) An ethical judgment
  • 13. Which school of thought did Franz Brentano influence through his work?
A) The School of Brentano, including Husserl and Meinong
B) Existentialism
C) Hegelianism
D) Logical positivism
  • 14. Who founded the Graz School known for its unique ontology?
A) Wilfrid Sellars
B) Saul Kripke
C) Alexius Meinong
D) W. V. O. Quine
  • 15. What is the term used to describe Meinong's ontology of real, nonexistent objects?
A) Analytic realism
B) Continental idealism
C) Meinongianism
D) Logical empiricism
  • 16. Which philosopher emphasized 'small philosophy' and detailed analysis of specific problems?
A) Rudolf Carnap
B) David Lewis
C) G. E. Moore
D) Kazimierz Twardowski
  • 17. Which philosopher is associated with the decline of logical positivism?
A) Alexius Meinong
B) Gottlob Frege
C) Franz Brentano
D) Wilfrid Sellars
  • 18. What did Franz Brentano mean by 'intentional in-existence'?
A) A physical phenomenon's existence
B) The characteristic of mental phenomena to include an object within themselves
C) An ethical principle
D) A mathematical proof
  • 19. What is the term for objects like flying pigs or golden mountains in Meinong's ontology?
A) Real, nonexistent objects
B) Empirical observations
C) Physical phenomena
D) Logical constructs
  • 20. What is a key characteristic that distinguishes mental phenomena from physical phenomena according to Brentano?
A) Physical presence
B) Logical consistency
C) Intentional in-existence
D) Empirical evidence
  • 21. What is the main contrast between analytic and continental philosophy?
A) Analytic focuses on metaphysics, while continental focuses on science
B) Analytic emphasizes ethics, while continental emphasizes logic
C) Analytic focuses on technical analysis, while continental is more literary
D) Analytic is concerned with aesthetics, while continental is concerned with mathematics
  • 22. What philosophical project did Frege advocate for reducing arithmetic to pure logic?
A) Phenomenology
B) Rationalism
C) Empiricism
D) Logicism
  • 23. Which book by Frege introduced modern mathematical and predicate logic with quantifiers?
A) The Foundations of Arithmetic
B) Grundgesetze der Arithmetik (Basic Laws of Arithmetic)
C) Philosophie der Arithmetik
D) Begriffsschrift (Concept-script)
  • 24. What philosophical stance did Frege oppose in the philosophy of mathematics?
A) Empiricism
B) Psychologism
C) Rationalism
D) Logicism
  • 25. Who simplified Dedekind's work to systematize mathematics with Peano arithmetic?
A) Georg Cantor
B) Richard Dedekind
C) Gottlob Frege
D) Giuseppe Peano
  • 26. What principle did Dummett trace the linguistic turn to in Frege's work?
A) The context principle
B) The categorical imperative
C) The transcendental deduction
D) The analytic-synthetic distinction
  • 27. In Frege's example, what is the reference of 'the Morning Star' and 'the Evening Star'?
A) Two distinct celestial bodies.
B) The planet Venus.
C) Two different stars.
D) A morning star and an evening star.
  • 28. Who is credited with starting a revival of logic in British philosophy during the nineteenth century?
A) George Boole
B) Richard Whately
C) F. H. Bradley
D) William Hamilton
  • 29. Who were the major figures in the revival of logic in British philosophy?
A) F. H. Bradley, T. H. Green
B) Richard Whately, George Boole
C) Bertrand Russell, G. E. Moore
D) Hugh MacColl, Charles Sanders Peirce
  • 30. Which movement dominated British philosophy in the late nineteenth century?
A) Pragmatism
B) Empiricism
C) Logical atomism
D) British idealism
  • 31. Who exemplified the British idealist school with 'Appearance and Reality'?
A) F. H. Bradley
B) G. E. Moore
C) Bertrand Russell
D) T. H. Green
  • 32. What did Bertrand Russell and G. E. Moore reject in their philosophical approach?
A) Hegelianism for being obscure
B) Empiricism
C) Logical atomism
D) Pragmatism
  • 33. What did Russell and Moore revert to in their philosophical stance?
A) Neo-Hegelianism
B) Logical holism
C) Internal relations
D) Common sense realism
  • 34. In what year did Bertrand Russell discover the paradox in Basic Law V?
A) 1903
B) 1910
C) 1905
D) 1901
  • 35. According to Russell, what can proper names be replaced with?
A) Disguised definite descriptions
B) Demonstratives like this or that
C) Abstract concepts
D) Universal terms
  • 36. What philosophical puzzle does Russell present his own version of in 'On Denoting'?
A) Descartes' evil demon
B) Frege's second puzzle
C) The liar paradox
D) Zeno's paradoxes
  • 37. What does denying 'The present King of France is bald' illustrate?
A) Identity theory
B) Quantifier ambiguity
C) Scope ambiguity
D) Predicate logic
  • 38. Who co-authored 'Principia Mathematica' with Bertrand Russell?
A) John Stuart Mill
B) Ludwig Wittgenstein
C) Alfred North Whitehead
D) Gottlob Frege
  • 39. What did Alfred North Whitehead develop in 'Process and Reality' (1929)?
A) Logical atomism
B) Process metaphysics
C) Ideal language philosophy
D) The theory of types
  • 40. 'Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus' is also known as:
A) The Tractatus
B) Principia Mathematica
C) Logical Atomism
D) Process and Reality
  • 41. Who is recognized as one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century?
A) Carnap
B) Kant
C) W. V. O. Quine
D) Sellars
  • 42. What did Ryle criticize in 'The Concept of Mind'?
A) Cartesian dualism
B) Russell's theory of descriptions
C) Austrian realism
D) Sense-data theories
  • 43. What concept did Isaiah Berlin define as the absence of coercion or interference in private actions?
A) 'Proletarian unfreedom'
B) 'Negative liberty'
C) 'Distributive justice'
D) 'Positive liberty'
  • 44. What was Carnap's approach to solving philosophical problems called?
A) Metaphysical ascent
B) Logical ascent
C) Epistemic ascent
D) Semantic ascent
  • 45. What method did the 'Tractatus' introduce philosophers to?
A) Process metaphysics.
B) Predicate logic.
C) Truth table method.
D) Theory of types.
  • 46. What does the KK thesis relate to in epistemology?
A) Knowledge about knowledge
B) Justified true belief
C) The principle of sufficient reason
D) Logical pluralism
  • 47. Which philosopher was Quine a student of?
A) Carnap
B) Sellars
C) Russell
D) Wittgenstein
  • 48. Which philosopher criticized utilitarianism with the utility monster argument?
A) Thomas Nagel
B) Robert Nozick
C) Henry Sidgwick
D) John Rawls
  • 49. Which philosopher contributed the 'trolley problem' into ethical discourse?
A) G. E. Moore
B) Elizabeth Anscombe
C) Philippa Foot
D) R. M. Hare
  • 50. What thought experiment does Wittgenstein use to argue against the possibility of a private language?
A) The color-exclusion problem.
B) The linguistic ladder.
C) The beetle-in-a-box thought experiment.
D) The duck-rabbit ambiguous image.
  • 51. Which school applies analytic techniques to the theories of Karl Marx?
A) Analytical Marxism
B) Ordinary language philosophy
C) Legal positivism
D) Liberal egalitarianism
  • 52. Who issued a thought experiment involving fission in 'Reasons and Persons'?
A) John Locke
B) Bernard Williams
C) David Lewis
D) Derek Parfit
  • 53. Who taught at the University of Otago in New Zealand?
A) J.N. Findlay
B) John Anderson
C) David Lewis
D) Karl Popper
  • 54. What is methodism in the context of the problem of the criterion?
A) Doubting all knowledge claims
B) Applying induction to philosophical problems
C) Answering 'how do we know?' before 'what do we know?'
D) Focusing on particular instances of knowledge
  • 55. What term is used to describe the increased interest in virtue ethics?
A) The consequentialist resurgence
B) The deontological revival
C) The emotivist shift
D) The 'aretaic turn'
  • 56. Which theory did Charles Stevenson develop in 'Ethics and Language'?
A) Emotivism
B) Universal prescriptivism
C) Error theory
D) Expressivism
  • 57. Who argued against the closure principle with relevant alternatives theory?
A) Fred Dretske
B) Robert Nozick
C) G. E. Moore
D) Wittgenstein
  • 58. What is the current phase of analytic philosophy in China called?
A) Third phase
B) Second phase
C) Fourth phase
D) First phase
  • 59. Which philosopher lectured at Canterbury University College in Christchurch?
A) Karl Popper
B) John Anderson
C) J.N. Findlay
D) David Lewis
  • 60. Which theory did Austin criticize in 'Sense and Sensibilia'?
A) Austrian realism
B) Cartesian dualism
C) Russell's theory of descriptions
D) Sense-data theories
  • 61. What does Wittgenstein conclude about the propositions in the 'Tractatus'?
A) They solve all philosophical problems.
B) All its propositions are ultimately meaningless.
C) They express the totality of actual states of affairs.
D) They provide a comprehensive system of logical atomism.
  • 62. Who introduced logical positivism to China with The Philosophy of the Vienna Circle?
A) Tscha Hung
B) Hong Qian
C) Liang Qichao
D) Zhang Shenfu
  • 63. Who is considered to have founded Finnish analytic philosophy?
A) Georg Henrik von Wright
B) Eino Kaila
C) Ernst Mally
D) Axel Hägerström
  • 64. Which philosopher used the closure principle in an anti-skeptical argument?
A) Chisholm
B) Wittgenstein
C) Nelson Goodman
D) G. E. Moore
  • 65. Who is credited with reviving theories of essence and identity in philosophy?
A) Bertrand Russell.
B) Saul Kripke.
C) Willard Van Orman Quine.
D) Ludwig Wittgenstein.
  • 66. What does G. A. Cohen's book defend?
A) Free-market libertarianism
B) Liberal egalitarian distributive justice
C) Marx's historical materialism
D) Legal positivism
  • 67. Who succeeded Wittgenstein at Cambridge in 1948?
A) Eino Kaila
B) Axel Hägerström
C) Ernst Mally
D) Georg Henrik von Wright
  • 68. Who led the Vienna Circle?
A) Rudolf Carnap
B) Hans Reichenbach
C) Moritz Schlick
D) Otto Neurath
  • 69. Who introduced the 'box' operator for necessity in modal logic?
A) Carnap.
B) Saul Kripke.
C) Ruth Barcan Marcus.
D) Willard Van Orman Quine.
  • 70. Who defended foundationalism in epistemology?
A) Michael Huemer
B) Roderick Chisholm
C) Quine
D) Alvin Goldman
  • 71. Which philosophical movement saw a revival during the second half of the twentieth century?
A) Metaphysical theorizing
B) Logical positivism
C) Pragmatism
D) Empiricism
  • 72. What political event sidelined research in analytic philosophy during its second phase in China?
A) World War II
B) Economic reforms of the 1970s
C) Communist political pressure
D) Cultural Revolution
  • 73. In which year did Russell visit China?
A) 1945
B) 1956
C) 1920
D) 1970s
  • 74. What does Robert Nozick's Wilt Chamberlain argument relate to?
A) Legal positivism
B) Free-market libertarianism
C) Historical materialism
D) Animal rights
  • 75. Which philosopher is known for the A-theory of time?
A) John McTaggart
B) Charlie Broad
C) David Lewis
D) Arthur Prior
  • 76. Who introduced the concept of open texture?
A) Rudolf Carnap
B) Moritz Schlick
C) Friedrich Waismann
D) Hans Reichenbach
  • 77. Who proposed virtue epistemology in 'The Raft and the Pyramid'?
A) Alvin Goldman
B) Ernest Sosa
C) Roderick Chisholm
D) Quine
  • 78. Who first introduced Russell's ideas to China?
A) Zhang Shenfu
B) Liang Qichao
C) Jin Yuelin
D) Tscha Hung
  • 79. Who influenced Australian philosophy with realism?
A) Samuel Alexander
B) J.N. Findlay
C) David Lewis
D) John Anderson
  • 80. What did Kripke provide for modal logic?
A) A semantics.
B) An algorithm.
C) A proof system.
D) A syntax.
  • 81. 'Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent.' is a conclusion from:
A) Process and Reality.
B) Principia Mathematica.
C) The 'Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus'.
D) Logical Atomism.
  • 82. What happened to Moritz Schlick in 1936?
A) He fled to the United States
B) He became a professor at Oxford University
C) He published a major work on logical positivism
D) He was murdered by his former student, Hans Nelböck
  • 83. Who believed in mereological nihilism except for living beings?
A) Peter Van Inwagen
B) Stanisław Leśniewski
C) Nelson Goodman
D) David Lewis
  • 84. Which book by Peter Singer argues for vegetarianism?
A) Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974)
B) Animal Liberation (1975)
C) The Open Society and its Enemies (1945)
D) A Theory of Justice (1971)
  • 85. What does Isaiah Berlin's 'positive liberty' emphasize?
A) Absence of coercion
B) Self-mastery
C) Proletarian unfreedom
D) Distributive justice
  • 86. What did Ryle argue was similar to asking 'Where is the university?'?
A) Descartes' error
B) Austin's speech acts theory
C) Strawson's presupposition of existence
D) Hägerström's idealism
  • 87. Which philosopher proposed ethical (or normative) legal positivism?
A) Matthew Kramer
B) John Rawls
C) Karl Popper
D) G. A. Cohen
  • 88. What was the title of Wittgenstein's posthumous work published in 1953?
A) Philosophical Investigations
B) Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
C) Some Remarks on Logical Form
D) The Blue Book
  • 89. What is particularism in the context of the problem of the criterion?
A) Focusing on methodological criteria first
B) Doubting that knowledge exists
C) Applying closure principles to knowledge
D) Answering 'what do we know?' before 'how do we know it?'
  • 90. In 'Naming and Necessity', what does Saul Kripke argue proper names are?
A) Analytic terms.
B) Flexible descriptions.
C) Rigid designators.
D) Synthetic constructs.
  • 91. What is a truth-maker contrasted with?
A) An ontological commitment
B) A redundancy theory
C) A truth-bearer
D) A semantic theory
  • 92. Which philosopher's criticisms led to Wittgenstein's first doubts about his early philosophy?
A) Rush Rhees
B) John Wisdom
C) Frank Ramsey
D) Piero Sraffa
  • 93. What argument did Peter van Inwagen introduce in his monograph 'An Essay on Free Will'?
A) Tense logic
B) The liar paradox
C) The consequence argument
D) The principle of sufficient reason
  • 94. What term did van Inwagen use to contrast with compatibilism?
A) Perdurantism
B) Libertarianism
C) Incompatibilism
D) Determinism
  • 95. What type of foundationalism does Michael Huemer defend?
A) Phenomenal conservatism
B) Coherentism
C) Causal theory of knowledge
D) Virtue epistemology
  • 96. What did C. I. Lewis develop to address the paradoxes of material implication?
A) Predicate logic.
B) Deontic logic.
C) Modal logic.
D) Quantifier logic.
  • 97. Which journal did Carnap and Reichenbach start?
A) Erkenntnis
B) Mind
C) Philosophical Review
D) Analysis
  • 98. Which philosopher is credited with providing information about Wittgenstein's later philosophy before the publication of Philosophical Investigations?
A) Piero Sraffa
B) John Wisdom
C) Ludwig Wittgenstein himself
D) Frank Ramsey
  • 99. Who is a pioneer of logical pluralism?
A) Jan Łukasiewicz
B) JC Beall
C) Edmund Gettier
D) Graham Priest
  • 100. Which philosopher developed a causal theory of knowledge?
A) Quine
B) Roderick Chisholm
C) Ernest Sosa
D) Alvin Goldman
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