- 1. Portuguese history is characterized by a rich tapestry of exploration, conquests, and cultural influence. From the Age of Discovery when Portuguese explorers like Vasco da Gama and Ferdinand Magellan set sail to map new territories, to the establishment of a vast maritime empire that spanned the globe, Portugal has played a significant role in world history. The country's unique blend of Moorish, Roman, and Celtic influences is evident in its architecture, cuisine, and traditions. Throughout the centuries, Portugal has faced struggles and triumphs, from the devastating earthquake of 1755 to the Carnation Revolution of 1974 that brought democracy to the nation. Today, Portugal is known for its picturesque cities, stunning coastline, and warm hospitality, drawing visitors from around the world to experience its fascinating history and vibrant culture.
Which explorer is credited with the first circumnavigation of the globe?
A) Ferdinand Magellan
B) Vasco da Gama
C) Christopher Columbus
D) Amerigo Vespucci
- 2. In what year did Portugal establish its first global empire with the capture of Ceuta?
A) 1415
B) 1521
C) 1580
D) 1492
- 3. What was the name of the dictatorship that ruled Portugal from 1932 to 1968?
A) Estado Novo
B) Fascismo Português
C) Portuguese Republic
D) Salazarismo
- 4. Which event marked the end of the Portuguese Colonial War?
A) Battle of Alcácer Quibir
B) Treaty of Tordesillas
C) Spanish Armada
D) Carnation Revolution
- 5. Which Portuguese king sponsored the voyages of Vasco da Gama to India?
A) Afonso V
B) Manuel I
C) João III
D) João II
- 6. What was the name of the treaty that divided the newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal in 1494?
A) Treaty of Tordesillas
B) Treaty of Lisbon
C) Treaty of Zaragoza
D) Treaty of Badajoz
- 7. Which of these Portuguese explorers reached the coast of what is now modern-day Brazil in 1500?
A) Bartolomeu Dias
B) Vasco da Gama
C) Afonso de Albuquerque
D) Pedro Álvares Cabral
- 8. What was the name of the battle where Portugal regained its independence from Spain in 1640?
A) Battle of Aljubarrota
B) Battle of Montijo
C) Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
D) Battle of Valverde
- 9. In what year did Portugal become a member of the European Union?
A) 1974
B) 1992
C) 1986
D) 2001
- 10. Which event led to the formation of the Kingdom of Portugal in 1139?
A) Battle of Covadonga
B) Battle of Ourique
C) Battle of Toro
D) Battle of Aljubarrota
- 11. Who was the Portuguese navigator who discovered the sea route to India in 1498?
A) Christopher Columbus
B) Vasco da Gama
C) Ferdinand Magellan
D) Amerigo Vespucci
- 12. Who was the last king of Portugal before the establishment of the Republic?
A) Luís I
B) Carlos I
C) Pedro V
D) Manuel II
- 13. In which year did Portugal gain independence from Spain?
A) 1492
B) 1640
C) 1808
D) 1715
- 14. Who founded the University of Coimbra in Portugal in 1290?
A) Afonso IV
B) King Dinis
C) Afonso Henriques
D) João III
- 15. Who was the dictator of Portugal from 1932 to 1968?
A) Gilberto Freyre
B) António de Oliveira Salazar
C) Afonso I
D) Marcelo Caetano
- 16. In what year did Portugal decriminalize the possession of small amounts of drugs for personal use?
A) 2001
B) 2015
C) 1994
D) 2010
- 17. What was the name of the African colony that was Portugal's longest-held overseas territory?
A) Angola
B) Mozambique
C) Guinea-Bissau
D) Cape Verde
- 18. Which famous Portuguese writer was known for his heteronyms and complex literary works?
A) Luis de Camoes
B) Fernando Pessoa
C) José Saramago
D) Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen
- 19. In what year did the territory of Macau return to Chinese sovereignty, ending over 400 years of Portuguese administration?
A) 1987
B) 1999
C) 2010
D) 2001
- 20. Which famous Portuguese poet wrote 'The Lusiads', an epic poem about Portuguese history and achievements?
A) Luís de Camões
B) Fernando Pessoa
C) Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen
D) José Saramago
- 21. What was the name of the treaty that ended the Portuguese Restoration War and recognized the independence of Portugal from Spain in 1668?
A) Treaty of Lisbon
B) Treaty of Zaragoza
C) Treaty of Windsor
D) Treaty of Tordesillas
- 22. Which year marked the establishment of the Second Portuguese Republic following the Carnation Revolution?
A) 2002
B) 1974
C) 1989
D) 1961
- 23. Which city in Portugal was the capital of the country from 1255 to 1377?
A) Porto
B) Lisbon
C) Braga
D) Coimbra
- 24. In what year did Portugal become a republic?
A) 1910
B) 1755
C) 1926
D) 1807
- 25. Who was the famous Portuguese football player who won the FIFA Ballon d'Or multiple times in the 21st century?
A) Cristiano Ronaldo
B) Luis Figo
C) Eusébio
D) Rui Costa
- 26. Who is considered the first king of Portugal, even though he was not officially crowned?
A) Manuel II
B) Sancho I
C) Afonso Henriques
D) João II
- 27. Which Portuguese poet was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1998?
A) Camões
B) José Saramago
C) Sophia de Mello Breyner
D) Fernando Pessoa
- 28. Who was the Portuguese explorer who reached the southern tip of Africa in 1488, paving the way for future exploration to India?
A) Afonso de Albuquerque
B) Vasco da Gama
C) Pedro Álvares Cabral
D) Bartolomeu Dias
- 29. Which city is known as the 'Capital of the North' in Portugal?
A) Coimbra
B) Lisbon
C) Porto
D) Faro
- 30. Who was the Portuguese monarch who funded and promoted the Age of Discoveries?
A) Sebastian I
B) Philip II
C) Emanuel I
D) Henry the Navigator
- 31. Which event marked the beginning of the Age of Discovery in Portugal?
A) Signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas
B) Establishment of the Estado Novo regime
C) Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
D) Conquest of Ceuta in 1415
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