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Brown v. Board of Education - Quiz
Brown v
  • 1. What was the title of the memo written by William Rehnquist in 1952?
A) The Brown Decision and its Consequences
B) A Random Thought on the Segregation Cases
C) Legal Principles of Desegregation
D) A Defense of the Fourteenth Amendment
  • 2. In his 1952 memo, which case did Rehnquist argue was right and should be reaffirmed?
A) Hirabayashi v. United States
B) Missouri v. Jenkins
C) Dred Scott v. Sandford
D) Plessy v. Ferguson
  • 3. At his 1971 confirmation hearings, to whom did Rehnquist attribute the authorship of his 1952 memo?
A) Justice Jackson
B) Felix Frankfurter
C) Earl Warren
D) Himself
  • 4. Who criticized Chief Justice Warren for assuming the role of a third legislative chamber?
A) Michael W. McConnell
B) Raoul Berger
C) Learned Hand
D) Herbert Wechsler
  • 5. In Missouri v. Jenkins, what did Justice Clarence Thomas argue about Brown I?
A) It should be overturned.
B) It was decided incorrectly.
C) It has been misunderstood by the courts.
D) It relied too heavily on originalism.
  • 6. According to Clarence Thomas, what kind of segregation was the harm in Brown I tied to?
A) De facto segregation
B) Economic segregation
C) De jure segregation
D) Social segregation
  • 7. Which author argued that the Fourteenth Amendment cannot be defended by the original understanding of its framers?
A) Philip Elman
B) Raoul Berger
C) Drew S. Days III
D) Michael W. McConnell
  • 8. What evidence did Raoul Berger cite to argue that the Fourteenth Amendment permitted segregated schools?
A) The Supreme Court had already ruled segregation legal.
B) Congress voted to segregate schools in DC during the same period.
C) State constitutions explicitly demanded segregation.
D) The 1875 Civil Rights Act banned segregation.
  • 9. What argument did Michael W. McConnell make regarding the Fourteenth Amendment?
A) Radical Reconstructionists were in favor of desegregated southern schools.
B) The Amendment was intended to be colorblind.
C) The Amendment was never intended to apply to education.
D) The framers explicitly ignored school segregation.
  • 10. According to Drew S. Days III, why was reliance on psychological criteria in Brown unnecessary?
A) Psychological data was flawed and outdated.
B) The Constitution explicitly forbids segregated schools.
C) Social science is not a proper basis for legal rulings.
D) Racial classifications are odious to a free people by nature.
  • 11. Who claimed in 1987 that he and Justice Frankfurter were mostly responsible for the Brown decision?
A) Drew S. Days III
B) William Rehnquist
C) Earl Warren
D) Philip Elman
  • 12. According to Thomas Sowell, what school was a living refutation of the claim that racially separate schools were inherently unequal?
A) Howard University
B) Central High School
C) Dunbar High School
D) The Washington District School
  • 13. What did Rehnquist argue in his 1952 memo regarding the determination of minority rights?
A) Minorities must fight for their own rights.
B) The majority determines what the rights of minorities are.
C) The Supreme Court is the ultimate protector of minority rights.
D) Rights are fixed and cannot be changed by the majority.
  • 14. How did Rehnquist characterize his 1952 memo during his 1986 hearings?
A) It was a mistake of youth.
B) It was a formal legal opinion for the Court.
C) It was a satirical piece.
D) It was not an accurate reflection of his views at the time.
  • 15. What was Herbert Wechsler's critique of the Brown decision?
A) It focused too much on the Fourteenth Amendment.
B) It lacked sufficient historical evidence.
C) It was overly political.
D) It was impossible to justify based on neutral principles.
  • 16. Which Texas official organized a campaign to create legal obstacles to desegregation?
A) George Wallace
B) LeRoy Collins
C) John Ben Shepperd
D) Orval Faubus
  • 17. Who was the Arkansas governor who blocked the Little Rock Nine from entering Central High School?
A) Thomas Stanley
B) J. Lindsay Almond
C) Orval Faubus
D) John Ben Shepperd
  • 18. Which military unit did President Eisenhower deploy to Little Rock to ensure the safety of black students?
A) 82nd Airborne Division
B) Alabama National Guard
C) 101st Airborne Division
D) Arkansas National Guard
  • 19. What did Florida's legislature pass to denounce the Brown decision?
A) Education Amendment
B) Massive Resistance Act
C) Civil Rights Act
D) Interposition Resolution
  • 20. Why did Florida Governor LeRoy Collins refuse to sign the Interposition Resolution?
A) He argued efforts should be made through legal methods.
B) He was ordered by the President not to sign.
C) He was a staunch integrationist.
D) He believed the resolution was too lenient.
  • 21. In what year was Byron De La Beckwith finally convicted of murdering Medgar Evers?
A) 1957
B) 1994
C) 1963
D) 1971
  • 22. Who assisted tribal leaders in resolving the bus segregation issue?
A) Harry F. Byrd
B) John F. Kennedy
C) Martin Luther King Jr.
D) George Wallace
  • 23. What city was the first in the South to announce its intent to comply with the Brown decision?
A) Arlington, Virginia
B) Greensboro, North Carolina
C) Little Rock, Arkansas
D) Jackson, Mississippi
  • 24. Who chaired the Greensboro school board and pushed for the initial compliance announcement?
A) J. Lindsay Almond
B) Thomas Stanley
C) Garland Gray
D) D. E. Hudgins Jr.
  • 25. What was the name of the movement led by Senator Harry F. Byrd to resist desegregation in Virginia?
A) The Compliance Initiative
B) The Southern Manifesto
C) Massive Resistance
D) The Gray Commission
  • 26. Which Virginia county chose to close all its public schools rather than desegregate?
A) Arlington County
B) Prince Edward County
C) Norfolk
D) Charlottesville
  • 27. What phrase did white Southerners use to describe the day of the Brown decision?
A) A peaceful transition
B) A Black Monday
C) A day of liberation
D) A victory for equality
  • 28. To what historical event did white Southerners compare the impact of the Brown decision?
A) The Louisiana Purchase
B) The signing of the Declaration of Independence
C) The Boston Tea Party
D) Pearl Harbor
  • 29. What did Southerners prioritize while creating systems of integrated schools?
A) Qualified teaching staff
B) Student achievement scores
C) White leadership
D) Resource equality
  • 30. According to historian Michael Fultz, what did the South do faster than desegregating schools?
A) Building new schools
B) Displacing Black educators
C) Providing free textbooks
D) Improving school busing
  • 31. In what year did the Supreme Court first hear the case of Brown v. Board of Education?
A) 1950
B) 1953
C) 1954
D) 1952
  • 32. Who was appointed Chief Justice after the death of Fred M. Vinson?
A) Felix Frankfurter
B) Hugo Black
C) Robert H. Jackson
D) Earl Warren
  • 33. What was the final vote count of the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education?
A) 8-1
B) 7-2
C) 9-0
D) 5-4
  • 34. Which Justice was the last holdout before finally agreeing to the unanimous decision?
A) Sherman Minton
B) Tom C. Clark
C) Harold Hitz Burton
D) Stanley F. Reed
  • 35. In what year was the final Supreme Court decision issued?
A) 1955
B) 1953
C) 1952
D) 1954
  • 36. Who wrote the opinion for the three-judge District Court panel?
A) Thurgood Marshall
B) James P. McGranery
C) Walter Huxman
D) Paul Wilson
  • 37. How many cases were combined into the Brown v. Board of Education case heard by the Supreme Court?
A) Ten
B) Seven
C) Five
D) Three
  • 38. Who organized the 450-student walkout at Moton High School?
A) Barbara Rose Johns
B) Paul Wilson
C) Thurgood Marshall
D) Walter Reuther
  • 39. Which organization sponsored all five cases combined into the Supreme Court hearing?
A) Department of Justice
B) American Civil Liberties Union
C) United Auto Workers
D) NAACP
  • 40. How much money did the United Auto Workers donate to the NAACP's efforts?
A) $100,000
B) $75,000
C) $25,000
D) $50,000
  • 41. Who served as the chief counsel for the plaintiffs before the Supreme Court?
A) Thurgood Marshall
B) James P. McGranery
C) Walter Huxman
D) Paul Wilson
  • 42. Who conducted the state's defense in the Brown case?
A) Paul Wilson
B) Dean Acheson
C) Walter Reuther
D) Thurgood Marshall
  • 43. What kind of brief did the Justice Department file in December 1952?
A) Stare decisis
B) Amicus curiae
C) Writ of certiorari
D) Habeas corpus
  • 44. The Justice Department brief emphasized that segregation hurt the United States in what geopolitical context?
A) The Great Depression
B) The Cold War
C) World War I
D) Colonial expansion
  • 45. Who stated that racial discrimination provided material for Communist propaganda?
A) James P. McGranery
B) Walter Reuther
C) Dean Acheson
D) Anthony Lester
  • 46. Which Secretary of State lamented that the U.S. was under attack in the foreign press due to discrimination?
A) Walter Huxman
B) Dean Acheson
C) Paul Wilson
D) James P. McGranery
  • 47. In what year was Thurgood Marshall appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court?
A) 1960
B) 1967
C) 1952
D) 1954
  • 48. In what year was the class-action lawsuit filed against the Topeka Board of Education?
A) 1951
B) 1955
C) 1949
D) 1954
  • 49. How many Topeka parents were plaintiffs in the lawsuit?
A) Ten
B) Twenty
C) Thirteen
D) Fifty
  • 50. Who was the only student plaintiff to testify about the challenges of reaching her school?
A) Katherine Carper Sawyer
B) Vivian Scales
C) Zelma Henderson
D) Linda Carol Brown
  • 51. What was Oliver Brown's occupation?
A) Lawyer
B) Welder
C) Teacher
D) Pastor
  • 52. Which elementary school did Linda Carol Brown attend?
A) Sumner Elementary
B) Monroe Elementary
C) Buchanan Elementary
D) Capper Elementary
  • 53. Who was the last surviving plaintiff of the lawsuit?
A) Lucinda Todd
B) Zelma Henderson
C) Oliver Brown
D) Lena Carper
  • 54. Which school was described as the white school seven blocks from Linda Brown's house?
A) Buchanan Elementary
B) Monroe Elementary
C) Topeka High
D) Sumner Elementary
  • 55. Who was the chairman of the Topeka NAACP?
A) Lucinda Todd
B) Charles Scott
C) McKinley Burnett
D) Oliver Brown
  • 56. How far away was Monroe Elementary from Linda Brown's house?
A) 2 miles
B) 7 blocks
C) 1 mile
D) 6 blocks
  • 57. In what city and state was the lawsuit filed?
A) Wichita, Kansas
B) Topeka, Oklahoma
C) Topeka, Kansas
D) Topeka, Missouri
  • 58. What was Oliver Brown's role in his local church?
A) Assistant pastor
B) Sunday school teacher
C) Deacon
D) Lead pastor
  • 59. Who convinced Oliver Brown to join the lawsuit?
A) Linda Brown
B) McKinley Burnett
C) Lucinda Todd
D) Charles Scott
  • 60. Which amendment did the Supreme Court rule was violated by racial segregation in schools?
A) First Amendment
B) Fourteenth Amendment
C) Thirteenth Amendment
D) Fifth Amendment
  • 61. What was the vote count in the Supreme Court's decision for Brown v. Board of Education?
A) 5–4
B) 9–0
C) 8–1
D) 7–2
  • 62. What phrase did the Court use in Brown II (1955) to describe the timeline for desegregation?
A) With all deliberate speed
B) As soon as possible
C) Within one year
D) Immediately
  • 63. Which scholar wrote 'An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy'?
A) Earl Warren
B) Gunnar Myrdal
C) Thurgood Marshall
D) Harry F. Byrd
  • 64. Which international organization produced the 1950 statement titled 'The Race Question'?
A) UNESCO
B) The United Nations
C) The Cold War Council
D) The World Court
  • 65. Which justice traveled to India and noted that racism harmed America's international image?
A) William O. Douglas
B) Earl Warren
C) Thurgood Marshall
D) Gunnar Myrdal
  • 66. Who was an African-American parent activist in New York who utilized Brown's principles?
A) Thurgood Marshall
B) Mae Mallory
C) McKinley Burnett
D) Zelma Henderson
  • 67. In what year did the school boycott take place in New York?
A) 1959
B) 1956
C) 1953
D) 1941
  • 68. Since what year had junior high schools been integrated in Topeka?
A) 1941
B) 1871
C) 1953
D) 1949
  • 69. When was Topeka High School first integrated?
A) 1953
B) 1871
C) 1941
D) 1949
  • 70. What did Topeka elementary schools become in January 1956?
A) Integrated high schools
B) Junior high schools
C) Neighborhood attendance centers
D) Private religious schools
  • 71. In what year was Monroe Elementary redesignated as a National Historical Park?
A) 2004
B) 1992
C) 1959
D) 2022
  • 72. In what year did the Supreme Court issue the Brown II decision?
A) 1959
B) 1954
C) 1955
D) 1964
  • 73. The phrase 'all deliberate speed' is traceable to which author?
A) Linda Brown
B) Charles Scott Jr.
C) Richard Jones
D) Francis Thompson
  • 74. How did critics view the language 'all deliberate speed'?
A) As an immediate mandate
B) As a precise deadline
C) As legally binding
D) As too ambiguous
  • 75. In what year was the Brown case reopened in Topeka?
A) 1978
B) 1964
C) 1955
D) 1999
  • 76. Who was the plaintiff that reopened the Brown case in 1978?
A) Richard Jones
B) Charles Scott Jr.
C) Linda Brown Smith
D) Joseph Johnson
  • 77. What was the specific Topeka Public Schools policy that prompted the reopening of Brown?
A) Mandatory integration
B) Open enrollment
C) Forced bussing
D) Teacher assignment quotas
  • 78. In what year did Topeka Unified School District No. 501 finally achieve unitary status?
A) 1999
B) 1994
C) 1998
D) 1989
  • 79. Who assisted the Topeka attorneys in reopening the Brown case?
A) The Supreme Court
B) Francis Thompson
C) The Prince Edward County board
D) American Civil Liberties Union
  • 80. On what date did Linda Brown die?
A) March 25, 2017
B) January 15, 2018
C) April 1, 2018
D) March 25, 2018
  • 81. According to the text, what were the names of Linda Brown's playmates?
A) Sarah, Jane, and Emily
B) Alice, Beth, and Carol
C) Mona, Guinevere, and Wanda
D) Mary, Susan, and Linda
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