Minimum spanning tree - Quiz
  • 1. What was the original purpose for the invention of minimum spanning trees?
A) Financial market analysis
B) Computer networks
C) Handwriting recognition
D) Electrical grids
  • 2. Which algorithm uses the minimum spanning tree to approximate the traveling salesman problem?
A) Dijkstra's algorithm
B) Christofides algorithm
C) Prim's algorithm
D) Kruskal's algorithm
  • 3. In the context of clustering, which specific method uses minimum spanning trees?
A) K-means clustering
B) DBSCAN
C) Mean-shift clustering
D) Single-linkage clustering
  • 4. Minimum spanning trees are used in circuit design to implement what?
A) Voltage regulation
B) Signal amplification
C) Efficient multiple constant multiplications
D) Heat dissipation reduction
  • 5. What is the application of minimum spanning trees in finance?
A) Visualizing relationships between stocks
B) Calculating tax liabilities
C) Predicting daily stock volatility
D) Automated high-frequency trading
  • 6. What is a network-related application of minimum spanning trees?
A) Dynamic routing protocol design
B) Encryption key distribution
C) Constructing trees for broadcasting
D) Firewall configuration
  • 7. Which field uses minimum spanning trees for grouping areas into homogeneous regions?
A) Urban population census
B) Meteorological forecasting
C) Socio-geographic regionalisation
D) Political lobbying
  • 8. In computer vision, what are minimum spanning trees used for regarding features?
A) Frame rate optimization
B) Curvilinear feature extraction
C) Pixel resolution upscaling
D) Color space normalization
  • 9. How are minimum spanning trees used in the study of two-dimensional materials?
A) Measuring homogeneity
B) Testing electrical resistance
C) Calculating thermal conductivity
D) Identifying atomic composition
  • 10. What mathematical approximation problem involves the minimum spanning tree?
A) Quadratic assignment problem
B) Maximum bipartite matching
C) Minimum-cost weighted perfect matching
D) Linear programming relaxation
  • 11. What happens if an edge e has a strictly smaller weight than all other edges in a cut-set?
A) It belongs to exactly one MST.
B) It is excluded from all MSTs.
C) It belongs to all MSTs of the graph.
D) It belongs to no MSTs.
  • 12. If more than one edge is of minimum weight across a cut, what is true?
A) Each such edge is contained in some minimum spanning tree.
B) They must all be in every MST.
C) None of these edges are in any MST.
D) Only one of them is in any MST.
  • 13. If the minimum cost edge e of a graph is unique, which statement is true?
A) This edge is only included if the graph is a tree.
B) This edge is included in any MST.
C) This edge is never included in an MST.
D) This edge is only included if there is only one vertex.
  • 14. Who developed the first algorithm for finding a minimum spanning tree in 1926?
A) Vojtěch Jarník
B) Dijkstra
C) Otakar Borůvka
D) Prim
  • 15. How does each Boruvka step change the number of vertices?
A) It doubles.
B) It remains the same.
C) It is reduced by at least half.
D) It increases by one.
  • 16. What is the time complexity of Borůvka's algorithm?
A) O(m log n)
B) O(n log n)
C) O(n2)
D) O(m log m)
  • 17. Who invented the algorithm now known as Prim's algorithm in 1930?
A) Otakar Borůvka
B) Kruskal
C) Dijkstra
D) Vojtěch Jarník
  • 18. How does Prim's algorithm grow the MST?
A) By contracting all vertices.
B) One edge at a time from an arbitrary vertex.
C) By removing the heaviest edges.
D) By adding all edges at once.
  • 19. What are the possible time complexities for Prim's algorithm?
A) O(log n) or O(n)
B) O(m log m) or O(m2)
C) O(n log n) or O(n + m log n)
D) O(m log n) or O(m + n log n)
  • 20. What is the runtime of the reverse-delete algorithm?
A) O(m + n log n)
B) O(m log n (log log n)3)
C) O(m log n)
D) O(n log n)
  • 21. What type of algorithms are Borůvka's, Prim's, Kruskal's, and the reverse-delete algorithm?
A) Backtracking algorithms
B) Divide and conquer algorithms
C) Dynamic programming algorithms
D) Greedy algorithms
  • 22. In terms of computational complexity, what class does the MST finding problem belong to?
A) NP
B) FP
C) P-space
D) Exponential time
  • 23. Are the decision problems related to MST in P?
A) No
B) Only for small graphs
C) Only for trees
D) Yes
  • 24. What is the basis for Bernard Chazelle's non-randomized comparison-based MST algorithm?
A) Binary search tree
B) Disjoint set union
C) Soft heap
D) Fibonacci heap
  • 25. What is the value of the Ackermann function inverse α for all practical purposes?
A) Exactly 1
B) Infinity
C) Exactly 10
D) No greater than 4
  • 26. What is the approximate number of comparisons required to find an MST in a graph with r vertices?
A) log r
B) r2
C) r4
D) r
  • 27. How many different graphs are there on r vertices?
A) r!
B) r2
C) 2r
D) 2r2
  • 28. Who developed the provably optimal deterministic comparison-based minimum spanning tree algorithm mentioned in the text?
A) Seth Pettie and Vijaya Ramachandran
B) Alan M. Frieze and Svante Janson
C) Vijaya Ramachandran and Svante Janson
D) J. Michael Steele and Seth Pettie
  • 29. In the distributed MST problem, what information does a node have?
A) The entire graph structure
B) Only its own connected links
C) The total weight of the global MST
D) The coordinates of all other nodes
  • 30. Who proved a central limit theorem for the weight of the MST?
A) J. Michael Steele
B) Alan M. Frieze
C) Svante Janson
D) Seth Pettie
  • 31. Which method can be used to solve the fractional MST problem in polynomial time?
A) The ellipsoid method
B) Backtracking
C) Greedy algorithm
D) Dynamic programming
  • 32. What is the computational complexity of the half-integer MST problem?
A) NP-hard
B) Logarithmic time
C) Polynomial time
D) Linear time
  • 33. Which problem is a special case of the half-integer MST problem?
A) Hamiltonian cycle problem
B) Maximum flow problem
C) Shortest path problem
D) Bipartite matching problem
  • 34. What is the complexity status of finding the Steiner tree of a subset of vertices?
A) O(V log V)
B) NP-hard
C) P
D) NP-complete
  • 35. What type of distance is used in a Euclidean minimum spanning tree?
A) Euclidean distance
B) Manhattan distance
C) Rectilinear distance
D) Chebyshev distance
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