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Valerian (emperor) - Quiz
Valerian emperor
  • 1. What was the full name of Emperor Valerian?
A) Publius Licinius Gallienus
B) Publius Licinius Aemilianus
C) Publius Licinius Shapur
D) Publius Licinius Valerianus
  • 2. During which historical period did Valerian rule?
A) Pax Romana
B) The Augustan Age
C) Crisis of the Third Century
D) The Tetrarchy
  • 3. Who was Valerian's co-emperor?
A) Shapur I
B) Gallienus
C) Aemilianus
D) Gordian I
  • 4. Which Persian emperor captured Valerian?
A) Trebonianus Gallus
B) Decius
C) Aemilianus
D) Shapur I
  • 5. At which battle was Valerian captured?
A) Battle of Rome
B) Battle of Illyricum
C) Battle of Antioch
D) Battle of Edessa
  • 6. What was the name of Valerian's wife?
A) Egnatia Mariniana
B) Agrippina the Younger
C) Julia Domna
D) Livia Drusilla
  • 7. When did Valerian officially become emperor?
A) 253 AD
B) 251 AD
C) 238 AD
D) 260 AD
  • 8. What position did the Senate offer Valerian in 251 AD?
A) Censor
B) Consul Ordinarius
C) Princeps Senatus
D) Dux
  • 9. What did Valerian do regarding the position of censor in 251 AD?
A) He was executed before accepting it
B) He declined it
C) He shared it with Gallienus
D) He accepted it
  • 10. Which emperor left Valerian in charge of Rome while he went on a campaign in Illyricum?
A) Trebonianus Gallus
B) Shapur I
C) Decius
D) Aemilianus
  • 11. What military role was Valerian given under Trebonianus Gallus?
A) Praetorian Prefect
B) Centurion
C) Legatus
D) Dux
  • 12. What led to the death of Trebonianus Gallus?
A) He was killed by his own troops
B) He was executed by Valerian
C) He died in the Battle of Edessa
D) He died of plague
  • 13. Who proclaimed Valerian emperor after Gallus was killed?
A) The Senate
B) Gallienus
C) The Persian army
D) Raetian soldiers
  • 14. What happened to Aemilianus when Valerian arrived in Rome in 253 AD?
A) His legions defected and killed him
B) He was named co-emperor
C) He committed suicide
D) He escaped to Persia
  • 15. How did Valerian and Gallienus handle the problems of the empire?
A) They split the empire, with Gallienus taking the West and Valerian the East
B) Gallienus moved to the East and Valerian stayed in Rome
C) Valerian ignored the East to focus on Europe
D) They ruled solely from Rome
  • 16. What city did Valerian recover in 257 AD?
A) Edessa
B) Raetia
C) Antioch
D) Illyricum
  • 17. What caused the Roman position at Edessa in 259 AD to weaken?
A) A lack of food supplies
B) An outbreak of plague
C) A betrayal by Aemilianus
D) The desertion of Gallienus
  • 18. What was the general social status of Valerian's family?
A) Noble and traditional senatorial
B) Foreign merchant family
C) Slave origin
D) Lower class military
  • 19. In what year did Valerian die in captivity?
A) 253
B) 257
C) 270
D) 260 or 264
  • 20. Which group ravaged Asia Minor in 258 AD?
A) The Goths
B) The Armenians
C) The Raetians
D) The Persians
  • 21. Against which empire was Valerian fighting when he issued the orders against Christians?
A) Persian
B) Vandal
C) Frankish
D) Gothic
  • 22. What did the first letter sent in 257 command Christian clergy to do?
A) Pay a heavy tax
B) Leave the empire immediately
C) Perform sacrifices to Roman gods
D) Denounce their faith publicly
  • 23. What was the consequence for Christian clergy who refused to perform sacrifices in 257?
A) Slavery
B) Banishment
C) Execution
D) Imprisonment
  • 24. What did the second letter, sent in 258, order for Christian leaders?
A) Forced labor
B) Banishment
C) Execution
D) Confiscation of property
  • 25. In what year was Saint Prudent executed at Narbonne?
A) 260
B) 257
C) 259
D) 258
  • 26. On what date was Pope Sixtus II executed?
A) 6 August 259
B) 9 August 258
C) 10 August 258
D) 6 August 258
  • 27. Which saint was executed on 9 August 258?
A) Pope Sixtus II
B) Saint Lawrence
C) Saint Romanus Ostiarius
D) Saint Denis
  • 28. Saint Lawrence was executed on which date in 258?
A) 6 August
B) 9 August
C) 11 August
D) 10 August
  • 29. In which city was Saint Denis executed in 258?
A) Rome
B) Carthage
C) Paris
D) Cimiez
  • 30. Saint Cyprian was executed in which location in 258?
A) Tarragona
B) Narbonne
C) Paris
D) Carthage
  • 31. In what year was Saint Patroclus executed at Troyes?
A) 259
B) 258
C) 260
D) 257
  • 32. Where was Saint Fructuosus executed in 259?
A) Tarragona
B) Rome
C) Cimiez
D) Troyes
  • 33. Who wrote that Valerian 'grew old in ignominious slavery among the Parthians'?
A) Touraj Daryaee
B) Eutropius
C) Lactantius
D) Abu Hanifa Dinawari
  • 34. Which historian claimed Valerian was used as a human footstool by Shapur?
A) Anthony Hecht
B) Eutropius
C) Joseph of Anchieta
D) Lactantius
  • 35. Who argues that Valerian lived in relatively good conditions in Persian cities?
A) Touraj Daryaee
B) Lactantius
C) Joseph of Anchieta
D) Eutropius
  • 36. What is the name of the dam built by Roman prisoners of war near Susa?
A) Band-e Kaisar
B) Naghshe-Rostam
C) Bishapur
D) Gundishapur
  • 37. In which play does Valerian appear as a character responsible for the persecution of Saint Lawrence?
A) Warrior of Rome
B) Behold the Lilies of the Field
C) The Hard Hours
D) Auto de São Lourenço
  • 38. What is the second version of Valerian's death mentioned in the text alongside the molten gold account?
A) Decapitation
B) Flaying
C) Cremation
D) Starvation
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