Macedonia (ancient kingdom) - Quiz
Macedonia ancient kingdom
  • 1. What caused Pyrrhus to lose much of his support among the Macedonians in 273 BC?
A) He attempted to replace the Argead dynasty with his own family.
B) His Gallic mercenaries plundered the royal cemetery of Aigai.
C) He lost a major naval battle against the Ptolemaic fleet.
D) He retreated from the Peloponnese without a fight.
  • 2. In what year was Pyrrhus killed while besieging Argos?
A) 273 BC
B) 251 BC
C) 261 BC
D) 272 BC
  • 3. Which kingdom did Antigonus II annex after reclaiming Macedonia?
A) Thrace
B) Paeonia
C) Epirus
D) Sparta
  • 4. The Chremonidean War was fought between 267 and 261 BC, involving an alliance between Athens and which power?
A) The Seleucid Empire
B) The Aetolian League
C) The Dardanian Kingdom
D) Ptolemaic Egypt
  • 5. Which battle resulted in the defeat of a Ptolemaic fleet during the Chremonidean War?
A) Battle of Cos
B) Battle of Paxos
C) Battle of Sellasia
D) Battle of Andros
  • 6. Who led the rebellion against Antigonus II in 251 BC?
A) Aratus of Sicyon
B) Alexander of Corinth
C) Demetrius of Pharos
D) Chremonides
  • 7. When did the Macedonians lose the Acrocorinth to the forces of Aratus?
A) 240 BC
B) 243 BC
C) 251 BC
D) 246 BC
  • 8. Who succeeded Antigonus II after his death in 239 BC?
A) Philip V of Macedon
B) Alexander of Corinth
C) Demetrius II of Macedon
D) Antigonus III Doson
  • 9. Demetrius II damaged relations with the Seleucids by divorcing whom?
A) Stratonice of Macedon
B) Cleomenes III
C) Olympias II
D) Phthia of Macedon
  • 10. Which Illyrian king aided Demetrius II in defending Acarnania against Aetolia?
A) Scerdilaidas
B) Agron
C) Demetrius of Pharos
D) Longarus
  • 11. What occurred at the Battle of Paxos in 229 BC?
A) Demetrius II and Illyrian forces defeated the Aetolian and Achaean Leagues.
B) Antigonus III Doson captured the Aetolian fleet.
C) Macedonia lost control of the Peloponnese.
D) The Roman Republic defeated Philip V.
  • 12. Who invaded Macedonia shortly before the death of Demetrius II?
A) Cleomenes III of Sparta
B) Aratus of Sicyon
C) Longarus of the Dardanian Kingdom
D) Ptolemy II Philadelphus
  • 13. Who served as regent for the young Philip following the death of Demetrius II?
A) Aratus of Sicyon
B) Demetrius of Pharos
C) Antigonus III Doson
D) Cleomenes III
  • 14. What did Antigonus III demand in exchange for his alliance with Aratus in 226 BC?
A) The return of Corinth to Macedonian control
B) Military aid against the Seleucid Empire
C) The annexation of the Aetolian League
D) The total surrender of Sparta
  • 15. Which battle marked the defeat of Sparta in 222 BC by Antigonus III?
A) Battle of Paxos
B) Battle of Cos
C) Battle of Lake Trasimene
D) Battle of Sellasia
  • 16. What is the likely cause of death of Antigonus III in 221 BC?
A) A rebellion in Macedon
B) Tuberculosis
C) A battlefield wound
D) A naval accident
  • 17. Philip V made peace with the Aetolians in 217 BC due to concerns about which two events?
A) The rise of the Achaean League and a Seleucid invasion
B) The death of Antigonus III and a revolt in Corinth
C) Dardanian incursions and the Carthaginian victory at Lake Trasimene
D) The loss of the Macedonian fleet and a famine in Epirus
  • 18. Who convinced Philip V to secure Illyria before invading the Italian peninsula?
A) Scerdilaidas
B) Aratus of Sicyon
C) Longarus
D) Demetrius of Pharos
  • 19. What prompted Scerdilaidas to appeal to the Romans for aid against Philip V?
A) The Aetolian League had betrayed the Ardiaean Kingdom.
B) The Dardanian Kingdom had been destroyed.
C) Philip V formed an alliance with Carthage.
D) Philip V sent a fleet of light warships to attack Illyria.
  • 20. How did Rome initially respond to Philip V's actions in the Adriatic Sea in 216 BC?
A) They sent ten heavy quinqueremes to patrol the Illyrian coasts.
B) They captured the Macedonian fleet in a naval engagement.
C) They declared full-scale war on Macedonia.
D) They retreated from the Illyrian coast.
  • 21. How old was Philip II when he became king in 359 BC?
A) Twenty-seven
B) Twenty-one
C) Twenty-four
D) Thirty
  • 22. Which weapon was introduced as part of the Macedonian phalanx reforms?
A) Javelin
B) Composite bow
C) Short sword
D) Sarissa
  • 23. Philip II spent his adolescent years as a political hostage in which city?
A) Athens
B) Thebes
C) Larissa
D) Sparta
  • 24. What is the modern name of the city Philip II founded as Philippopolis?
A) Athens
B) Plovdiv
C) Sofia
D) Skopje
  • 25. Which major Greek city-state was excluded from the League of Corinth?
A) Sparta
B) Corinth
C) Athens
D) Thebes
  • 26. What title was Philip II granted by the League of Corinth for the campaign against Persia?
A) Strategos autokrator
B) Archon of Greece
C) King of Kings
D) Basileus of Asia
  • 27. Who was the ruler of the Odrysian kingdom that threatened Macedonia's northeast?
A) Perdiccas II
B) Arrhabaeus
C) Sitalces
D) Bardylis
  • 28. Which city was founded by Athens in 437/436 BC to secure silver, gold, and timber?
A) Beroea
B) Pydna
C) Therma
D) Amphipolis
  • 29. Which city did Perdiccas II capture while promoting the rebellion of Athens' allies?
A) Pella
B) Potidaea
C) Larissa
D) Methone
  • 30. What caused the Spartans to loot the Macedonian baggage train at Lyncestis?
A) An alliance with Argos
B) Macedonians fled before fighting
C) The death of Brasidas
D) A shortage of provisions
  • 31. Where did Archelaus I move the capital of the kingdom?
A) Pydna
B) Pella
C) Aigai
D) Larissa
  • 32. Which Athenian playwright resided at the royal court of Archelaus I?
A) Conon
B) Timotheus
C) Euripides
D) Pericles
  • 33. Who was the Illyrian leader that caused Amyntas III to flee his kingdom?
A) Ptolemy of Aloros
B) Sirras
C) Bardylis
D) Arrhabaeus
  • 34. Which Spartan leader helped the Macedonians defeat the Chalcidian League in 379 BC?
A) Brasidas
B) Teleutias
C) Agesilaus II
D) Timotheus
  • 35. What material did Archelaus I require to improve Macedonia's currency?
A) Silver
B) Gold
C) Timber
D) Copper
  • 36. What is the original Greek word that the name Macedonia is derived from?
A) Makednós
B) Makedónes
C) Makrós
D) Macédoine
  • 37. What does the ancient Greek adjective 'makednós' mean?
A) strong, brave
B) highlanders
C) tall, slim
D) short, stout
  • 38. According to Herodotus, the Makedónes were a people related to which group?
A) the Romans
B) the Dorians
C) the Spartans
D) the Persians
  • 39. The term 'makednós' is most likely cognate with which other ancient Greek adjective?
A) Makedónes
B) Macédoine
C) makrós
D) Dorian
  • 40. What does the ancient Greek adjective 'makrós' mean?
A) large or small
B) short or wide
C) long or tall
D) high or thin
  • 41. Which of the following is listed as a possible original meaning of the name Macedonia?
A) highlanders
B) the brave ones
C) the deep ones
D) mountain dwellers
  • 42. Which linguist claims that 'Makedónes' and 'makednós' are of Pre-Greek substrate origin?
A) Robert S. P. Beekes
B) Filip De Decker
C) Middle English
D) Herodotus
  • 43. Who rejects the arguments of Robert S. P. Beekes regarding the origin of the term?
A) Herodotus
B) The Romans
C) Filip De Decker
D) The Dorians
  • 44. From which language was the English variant 'Macedon' borrowed?
A) Ancient Greek
B) French
C) Latin
D) German
  • 45. In which period did the shorter English name variant 'Macedon' develop?
A) Modern English
B) Ancient Greek
C) Middle English
D) Early Modern English
  • 46. The French form of the name that influenced 'Macedon' is which of the following?
A) Macédoine
B) Makedónes
C) Makednós
D) Makrós
  • 47. According to the text, why might the name Macedonia be descriptive of the Ancient Macedonians?
A) It references their metal working skills
B) It identifies them as Persians
C) It could mean 'tall' or 'slim'
D) It relates to their mountain homes
  • 48. Which dynasty initially ruled the kingdom of Macedonia?
A) Antigonid
B) Ptolemaic
C) Antipatrid
D) Argead
  • 49. What was the capital of Macedonia before the 4th century BC?
A) Amphipolis
B) Thessalonica
C) Aegae
D) Pella
  • 50. Which kingdom bordered Macedonia to the east?
A) Epirus
B) Illyria
C) Thrace
D) Thessaly
  • 51. Who was the tutor of Alexander the Great?
A) Cassander
B) Aristotle
C) Philip II
D) Antigonus
  • 52. Who founded the city of Thessalonica?
A) Philip II
B) Cassander
C) Alexander the Great
D) Aristotle
  • 53. What empire did Alexander the Great overthrow during his campaign?
A) Ptolemaic Empire
B) Roman Empire
C) Achaemenid Empire
D) Seleucid Empire
  • 54. How did Macedonian kings finance their armies and navy?
A) Mining operations
B) Trade tariffs
C) Agricultural taxes
D) Looting of Rome
  • 55. Which of the following was NOT a successor dynasty mentioned in the text?
A) Argead
B) Antigonid
C) Attalid
D) Antipatrid
  • 56. What territory did Alexander's conquests reach in the east?
A) Tigris River
B) Nile River
C) Indus River
D) Euphrates River
  • 57. According to the legend reported by Herodotus and Thucydides, who were the Macedonian kings of the Argead dynasty descended from?
A) Alexander the Great
B) Darius I
C) Perdiccas II
D) Temenus
  • 58. The Argead dynasty claimed a direct lineage from which chief Greek god?
A) Hermes
B) Apollo
C) Poseidon
D) Zeus
  • 59. Which authority accepted the Argead descent from Temenus, allowing Alexander I to compete in the Olympic Games?
A) Hellanodikai
B) The Athenian Assembly
C) The Spartan Ephors
D) The Delphic Oracle
  • 60. Who was the father of Alexander I of Macedon?
A) Perdiccas I
B) Philip II
C) Caranus
D) Amyntas I
  • 61. Which group inhabited the lands of Thessaly to the south of Macedonia?
A) Persians
B) Thracians
C) Greeks
D) Illyrians
  • 62. Which general convinced Amyntas I to submit as a vassal to the Achaemenid Empire?
A) Mardonius
B) Darius I
C) Megabazus
D) Xerxes I
  • 63. What status did Macedonia hold within the Achaemenid Empire?
A) A colonized territory governed by a Persian governor
B) A sovereign independent ally
C) Vassal state
D) A full satrapy
  • 64. Alexander I served as an Achaemenid diplomat to propose a treaty to which city-state?
A) Thebes
B) Sparta
C) Corinth
D) Athens
  • 65. Which king of Persia launched an invasion into Europe against the Scythians and others?
A) Cyrus the Great
B) Xerxes I
C) Artaxerxes
D) Darius I
  • 66. Which region was inhabited by the Greek tribes of Lyncestae, Orestae, and Elimiotae?
A) Bottiaea
B) Upper Macedonia
C) Pieria
D) Lower Macedonia
  • 67. Which tribe did Alexander fight at Haemus Mons in 335 BC?
A) Taulantii
B) Pauravas
C) Spartans
D) Triballi
  • 68. Who was the king of the Taulantii who aided the Illyrians?
A) Bardylis
B) Porus
C) Glaucias
D) Cleitus
  • 69. Who captured and executed Darius III?
A) Parmenion
B) Bessus
C) Alexander
D) Callisthenes
  • 70. Where did Alexander's troops threaten to mutiny in 324 BC?
A) Ecbatana
B) Bactra
C) Thebes
D) Opis
  • 71. What act did Alexander borrow from Persian kings that his subjects found blasphemous?
A) Polygamous marriage
B) Sacrificing to Zeus
C) Proskynesis
D) Cutting the Gordian Knot
  • 72. Which court historian refused to perform the ritual of proskynesis?
A) Errington
B) Antipater
C) Callisthenes
D) Parmenion
  • 73. Who was Alexander's first wife?
A) Parysatis II
B) Roxana
C) Stateira II
D) Cleopatra Eurydice
  • 74. Who defeated the Spartan king Agis III at the Battle of Megalopolis?
A) Parmenion
B) Antipater
C) Alexander
D) Memnon
  • 75. Where did Alexander the Great die in 323 BC?
A) Macedonia
B) Egypt
C) Athens
D) Babylon
  • 76. What was the name of the rebellion against Antipater by the Greeks?
A) Siege of Piraeus
B) Lamian War
C) Partition of Triparadisus
D) Second War of the Diadochi
  • 77. Which Macedonian commander rescued Antipater from the siege at Lamia?
A) Polyperchon
B) Leonnatus
C) Eumenes
D) Nicanor
  • 78. Who was appointed regent of the two kings at the council in Babylon?
A) Antipater
B) Craterus
C) Antigonus
D) Perdiccas
  • 79. Who did Antipater name as his successor in 319 BC?
A) Polyperchon
B) Alexander IV
C) Cassander
D) Philip III
  • 80. Who captured the Munichia fortress of Piraeus in defiance of Polyperchon?
A) Eumenes
B) Seleucus
C) Nicanor
D) Leonnatus
  • 81. What happened to King Philip III after he was captured by Olympias's forces?
A) He escaped to Athens
B) He was restored to the throne
C) Olympias executed him
D) He was exiled to Egypt
  • 82. Whom did Cassander marry to strengthen his position?
A) Roxana
B) Olympias
C) Thessalonike
D) Eurydice II
  • 83. What dowry did Lanassa offer Demetrius I in 290 BC?
A) Thrace
B) Corcyra
C) Egypt
D) Epirus
  • 84. Who assassinated Seleucus I in 281 BC?
A) Sosthenes
B) Antigonus II
C) Ptolemy Keraunos
D) Brennus
  • 85. Which group of invaders killed Ptolemy Keraunos in 279 BC?
A) Celtic invaders
B) Persian armies
C) Thracian tribes
D) Roman forces
  • 86. Which general refused the title of king after the death of Ptolemy Keraunos?
A) Sosthenes
B) Cassander
C) Antigonus II
D) Lysimachus
  • 87. In 212 BC, which location did the Macedonians capture, prompting the Roman Senate to incite allies against them?
A) Thessaly
B) Oricus
C) Lissus
D) Apollonia
  • 88. Who was the Roman consul that forced Philip V to take refuge in Thessaly in 198 BC?
A) Quintus Caecilius Metellus
B) Titus Quinctius Flamininus
C) Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus
D) Lucius Aemilius Paullus
  • 89. At what event in 196 BC did Flamininus announce Rome's intent to preserve Greek liberty?
A) Delphi Council
B) Roman Senate Assembly
C) Isthmian Games
D) Olympic Games
  • 90. Who succeeded Philip V as king of Macedon?
A) Andriscus
B) Antiochus
C) Perseus
D) Demetrius
  • 91. After the abolition of the Macedonian monarchy, the Romans installed four republics with capitals at Amphipolis, Thessalonica, Pella, and where?
A) Pelagonia
B) Lissus
C) Apollonia
D) Bargylia
  • 92. Who claimed Antigonid descent and rebelled against the Romans during the Fourth Macedonian War?
A) Nabis
B) Perseus
C) Philip V
D) Andriscus
  • 93. Who led the Roman forces that defeated Andriscus in 148 BC?
A) Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus
B) Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus
C) Lucius Aemilius Paullus
D) Titus Quinctius Flamininus
  • 94. Who served as the chief judge of the Macedonian kingdom?
A) The magistrates
B) The assembly
C) The royal pages
D) The king
  • 95. What was the title for the bodyguards of the Macedonian king?
A) Philoi
B) Basilikoi paides
C) Hetairoi
D) Somatophylakes
  • 96. According to Thucydides, what was the original state of Macedonia?
A) A collection of independent city-states
B) A unified republic
C) A single centralized empire
D) Divided into small tribal regions
  • 97. Which Persian commander sent Alexander I of Macedon to Athens?
A) Mardonius
B) Cyrus
C) Xerxes
D) Darius
  • 98. What term refers to the companions of the Macedonian king?
A) Basilikoi paides
B) Philoi
C) Hetairoi
D) Somatophylakes
  • 99. What was the traditional relationship between Macedonian kings and their companions?
A) Lord and master
B) Employer and servant
C) Comrade-in-arms
D) Priest and follower
  • 100. What title was given to the royal pages of the Macedonian court?
A) Somatophylakes
B) Hetairoi
C) Basilikoi paides
D) Philoi
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