Buddhist texts - Quiz
Buddhist texts
  • 1. What is the Tibetan term for the special class of texts that are believed to be hidden and later rediscovered?
A) Namtar
B) Dohakosha
C) Terma
D) Sadhana
  • 2. What is the title given to a person who discovers terma texts?
A) Sadhaka
B) Mahasiddha
C) Tertön
D) Yogi
  • 3. Which school of Buddhism is noted for having a large terma literature?
A) Zen
B) Nyingma
C) Shingon
D) Theravada
  • 4. Which historical figure is credited with writing many of the Nyingma terma texts?
A) Saraha
B) Gölo Zhönnupel
C) Padmasambhava
D) Milarepa
  • 5. What is the common name for the Bardo Thodol?
A) The Hundred Thousand Songs
B) The Sādhanamālā
C) Tibetan Book of the Dead
D) The Blue Annals
  • 6. What does the term 'sadhana' refer to in Vajrayana literature?
A) A spiritual biography
B) A collection of songs
C) A historical survey
D) A tantric spiritual practice text
  • 7. What is the focus of a sadhana text?
A) Documenting a life story
B) Practicing a mandala or yidam
C) Preserving ancient philosophical debates
D) Recording historical events
  • 8. What is the name of the collection of sadhanas mentioned in the text?
A) Sādhanamālā
B) Dohakosha
C) Bardo Thodol
D) Caryāgīti
  • 9. What are the songs of realization composed by mahasiddhas called?
A) Namtar
B) Sadhana
C) Terma
D) Doha
  • 10. Who authored the Dohakosha?
A) Saraha
B) Milarepa
C) Gölo Zhönnupel
D) Padmasambhava
  • 11. Which Tibetan Buddhist school is especially fond of The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa?
A) Bön
B) Shingon
C) Kagyu
D) Nyingma
  • 12. When were The Blue Annals completed?
A) 9th century
B) 1481 CE
C) 1476 CE
D) 1392 CE
  • 13. Who is the author of The Blue Annals?
A) Milarepa
B) Gölo Zhönnupel
C) Kūkai
D) Saraha
  • 14. What is a 'namtar'?
A) A ritual object
B) A meditative deity
C) A spiritual biography
D) A tantric song
  • 15. Which tradition besides the Nyingma school has a large terma literature?
A) Kagyu
B) Gelug
C) Bön
D) Shingon
  • 16. What type of terma is 'discovered' in the mind of the tertön?
A) Namtar
B) Sadhana
C) Mind terma
D) Caryāgīti
  • 17. Whose treatises are influential in Japanese Shingon Buddhism?
A) Gölo Zhönnupel
B) Milarepa
C) Saraha
D) Kūkai
  • 18. Who authored the epic poem Buddhacarita?
A) Nagasena
B) Mātṛceṭa
C) Aśvaghoṣa
D) Buddhaghosa
  • 19. What is the primary subject of the Milinda pañha?
A) A biography of the Buddha's life in the forest
B) A collection of cosmological maps
C) A manual for monastic discipline in Sri Lanka
D) A dialogue between Nagasena and King Menander
  • 20. Who wrote the Visuddhimagga?
A) Dhammapala
B) Buddhaghosa
C) Phya Lithai
D) Aśvaghoṣa
  • 21. What is the Abhidhammattha-sangaha used for in Theravāda traditions?
A) As an introductory summary to the Abhidhamma
B) As a biography of Sri Lankan kings
C) As a collection of poems about Bodhisattvas
D) As a manual for meditation rituals
  • 22. Who authored the Thai text 'Three Worlds According to King Ruang'?
A) Nagasena
B) Phya Lithai
C) Aśvaghoṣa
D) Buddhaghosa
  • 23. What does the term 'Mahāyāna' mean?
A) Elder Teachings
B) Hidden Truth
C) Ancient Path
D) Great Vehicle
  • 24. What term did Theravāda commentaries use for Mahāyāna sūtras they rejected?
A) Vedalla/Vetulla
B) Abhidhamma
C) Pyui
D) Jātaka
  • 25. Which Chinese pilgrims traveled to India during the growth of Mahāyāna literature?
A) Nagasena, Menander, and Phya Lithai
B) Aśvaghoṣa, Mātṛceṭa, and Buddhaghosa
C) Nanamoli, Saddaniti, and Ratanapañña
D) Faxian, Yijing, and Xuanzang
  • 26. In Mahāyāna belief, what is the purpose of Pure lands like Sukhavati?
A) To serve as a place of eternal punishment
B) To make achieving Buddhahood easier
C) To act as a training ground for monastic administrators
D) To house the original Sanskrit manuscripts
  • 27. Which school is associated with the Mahāvastu biography?
A) Mahavihara
B) Theravāda
C) Abhayagiri
D) Lokottaravadin
  • 28. How many main Buddhist Canons are there according to the text?
A) Two
B) Four
C) Five
D) Three
  • 29. What is the earliest known full printed book?
A) Dhammapada
B) Lotus Sutra
C) Diamond Sutra
D) Heart Sutra
  • 30. What is the term for 'word of the Buddha'?
A) Buddhavacana
B) Shastras
C) Sutra
D) Dharma
  • 31. Which collection is used in the Theravāda tradition?
A) Chinese Buddhist Canon
B) Pāli Canon
C) Kangyur
D) Taishō Tripiṭaka
  • 32. What is the primary concern of Vinaya literature?
A) Historical biographies
B) Monastic discipline
C) Tantric rituals
D) Poetic compositions
  • 33. Which school of Buddhism preserves the only complete collection of texts in a Middle Indo-Aryan language?
A) Theravāda
B) Dharmaguptaka
C) Mahāsāṃghika
D) Sarvāstivāda
  • 34. What is the name of the Tibetan collection of buddhavacana?
A) Nikaya
B) Kangyur
C) Taishō Tripiṭaka
D) Agama
  • 35. What are 'shastras'?
A) Discourses
B) Monastic rules
C) Birth stories
D) Treatises
  • 36. Who can be considered a transmitter of buddhavacana according to some traditions?
A) Only the historical Buddha
B) Political leaders
C) Devas
D) Common merchants
  • 37. What practice involves copying texts by hand as a spiritual exercise?
A) Oral recitation
B) Sutra copying
C) Mnemonic memorization
D) Block printing
  • 38. How were the first Buddhist texts passed on?
A) Orally
B) Engraved on stone tablets
C) Sent via postal services
D) Through early printing presses
  • 39. What is the Abhidharma an attempt to express without using narrative stories?
A) Poetic metaphors
B) Historical biographies
C) Ultimate reality
D) Conventional fables
  • 40. Which scholar described Abhidharma systems as major achievements of Indian philosophy?
A) Edward Conze
B) Max Müller
C) D.T. Suzuki
D) Erich Frauwallner
  • 41. Around which century BCE do scholars believe canonical Abhidharma texts emerged?
A) 1st century BCE
B) 2nd century CE
C) 5th century BCE
D) 3rd century BCE
  • 42. How many full canonical Abhidharma collections have survived?
A) Seven
B) Four
C) Two
D) Three
  • 43. Which school's Abhidharma collection survives in Chinese translation?
A) Theravada
B) Pudgalavada
C) Dharmaguptaka
D) Sarvastivada
  • 44. Which text is associated with the Dharmaguptaka school?
A) Dharmaskandha
B) Vibhanga
C) Śāriputrābhidharma
D) Abhidhamma Pitaka
  • 45. What term is used for post-canonical Abhidharma commentaries?
A) Sutra
B) Aṭṭhakathā
C) Vibhanga
D) Mātṛkā
  • 46. How do post-canonical Abhidharma works differ from canonical ones?
A) They include innovations not found in the canonical texts
B) They are strictly identical in content
C) They are shorter and less complex
D) They avoid all philosophical terminology
  • 47. Who do scholars believe authored the canonical Abhidharma texts?
A) Later Buddhists
B) The Buddha
C) Ananda
D) Ashoka
  • 48. How many texts are contained in the surviving canonical Abhidharma collections?
A) Ten
B) Five
C) Three
D) Seven
  • 49. The Ugraparipṛcchā Sūtra focuses on which topic?
A) Yogic praxis
B) Bodhisattva monasticism
C) Non-dualism
D) Buddhist logic
  • 50. The Sandhinirmocana Sutra is the main text of which school?
A) Yogacara
B) Zen
C) Madhyamaka
D) Pure Land
  • 51. Who is the author of the Bodhicaryāvatāra?
A) Shantideva
B) Nagarjuna
C) Asanga
D) Vasubandhu
  • 52. Which text is considered the magnum opus of Asanga?
A) Abhidharmakośa-bhāsya
B) Trimsika
C) Mahāyāna-samgraha
D) Pramāna-samuccaya
  • 53. What term is used for Mahāyāna scholastic treatises?
A) Prajñā
B) Śāstras
C) Dhāraṇī
D) Samadhi
  • 54. Which author is associated with the school of Buddhist logic?
A) Shantideva
B) Dignāga
C) Vasubandhu
D) Asanga
  • 55. The Brahmajāla Sūtra is noted for containing which of the following?
A) Yogic praxis
B) Bodhisattva precepts
C) Buddha nature doctrine
D) Madhyamaka philosophy
  • 56. How many wooden printing blocks make up the Tripitaka Koreana?
A) 100,000
B) 50,000
C) 750
D) 81,258
  • 57. The Dhyana sutras contain teachings from which region's meditation masters?
A) Japanese
B) Vietnamese
C) Kashmiri
D) Tibetan
  • 58. Which text is considered the first major comprehensive work on meditation composed in China?
A) Mohe Zhiguan
B) Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana
C) Platform Sutra
D) Great Perfection of Wisdom Treatise
  • 59. Who is the de facto founder of Pure Land Buddhism mentioned in the text?
A) Shandao
B) Fazang
C) Zhiyi
D) Huineng
  • 60. What is the traditional attribution for the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana?
A) Zhiyi
B) Kumārajīva
C) Ashvaghosha
D) Nagarjuna
  • 61. Which translator is credited with the Great Perfection of Wisdom Treatise?
A) Kumārajīva
B) Fazang
C) Xuanzang
D) Yijing
  • 62. What destroyed the first version of the Tripitaka Koreana?
A) Warring factions
B) Fire
C) Flood
D) Earthquake
  • 63. The Platform Sutra is attributed to which Zen patriarch?
A) Zhiyi
B) Huineng
C) Fazang
D) Shandao
  • 64. What is the Japanese equivalent of the Huayan school?
A) Tiantai
B) Pure Land
C) Kegon
D) Zen
  • 65. How old is the Tripitaka Koreana according to the text?
A) Some 750 years
B) 1200 years
C) 1000 years
D) 500 years
  • 66. What term refers to early Buddhist Tantric texts that are collections of magical mantras for worldly ends?
A) Dzogchen
B) Mahayoga
C) Mantrakalpas
D) Sarma
  • 67. Which scholar argued that Yogini tantras were influenced by non-Buddhist Tantric Śaivism?
A) The Dalai Lama
B) Vairocana Buddha
C) The author of the Kangyur
D) Alexis Sanderson
  • 68. Approximately how many tantras are contained in the Tibetan Kangyur?
A) Almost 100
B) Almost 200
C) Almost 500
D) Almost 1000
  • 69. How many main categories of tantra do the Sarma schools of Tibetan Buddhism divide the Tantras into?
A) Six
B) Four
C) Eight
D) Two
  • 70. What is the Nyingma school's name for Anuttarayogatantra?
A) Yogatantra
B) Kriyayogatantra
C) Charyayogatantra
D) Mahayoga
  • 71. Which of these is mentioned as an influential Higher Tantra in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism?
A) Mahavairocana Tantra
B) Vajrasekhara Sutra
C) Lotus Sutra
D) Guhyasamāja Tantra
  • 72. What unique tantras are held by the Nyingma school and not found in other Tibetan schools?
A) Charyatantras
B) Dzogchen tantras
C) Yogatantras
D) Kriyatantras
  • 73. What are Mantrakalpas?
A) Sacred sounds
B) Subtle body techniques
C) Mantra manuals
D) Fire offerings
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