- 1. The Late Empire, spanning from 337 to 476 CE, marks a significant and transformative period in the history of the Roman Empire characterized by profound political, social, and military changes. Following the reign of Constantine the Great, who founded Constantinople and embraced Christianity, the empire experienced a shift in religious dynamics and governance, leading to the rise of Christian orthodoxy and the decline of pagan traditions. This era witnessed the division of the empire into Eastern and Western regions, each with its own administrative challenges and cultural influences. The Western Roman Empire struggled with internal strife, economic hardship, and increasing pressure from barbarian invasions, which culminated in the eventual fall of Rome in 476 CE when the last emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed. Amidst these upheavals, the Late Empire also saw noteworthy developments, including the codification of Roman law, the flourishing of early Christian theology, and the establishment of new alliances and conflicts with various Germanic tribes. While the Western Empire succumbed to external forces, the Eastern Byzantine Empire continued to thrive, preserving and transforming Roman heritage in the centuries that followed.
What year marked the beginning of the Late Empire?
A) 200
B) 313
C) 476
D) 337
- 2. Who was the first emperor of the Late Empire?
A) Diocletian
B) Theodosius I
C) Julian
D) Constantine the Great
- 3. Which city became the new capital of the Roman Empire under Constantine?
A) Constantinople
B) Rome
C) Antioch
D) Alexandria
- 4. Which religious policy did Constantine famously endorse?
A) Pax Romana
B) Edict of Milan
C) Council of Trent
D) Nicaean Creed
- 5. What was the main religion of the Roman Empire after the reign of Theodosius I?
A) Paganism
B) Christianity
C) Judaism
D) Zoroastrianism
- 6. Which battle in 312 CE was a turning point for Constantine's rise to power?
A) Battle of Milvian Bridge
B) Battle of Cannae
C) Battle of Adrianople
D) Battle of Actium
- 7. Which emperor divided the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western halves?
A) Diocletian
B) Augustus
C) Constantine
D) Theodosius I
- 8. Which barbarian group notably defeated the Roman army at the Battle of Adrianople in 378 CE?
A) Vandals
B) Huns
C) Franks
D) Goths
- 9. What was the principal cause of the decline of the Western Roman Empire?
A) Barbarian invasions
B) Cultural homogeneity
C) Economic prosperity
D) Political stability
- 10. Who was the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire?
A) Julian
B) Constantine XI
C) Theodosius II
D) Romulus Augustulus
- 11. Who famously attempted to reunify the Roman Empire in the 6th century?
A) Caligula
B) Marcus Aurelius
C) Justinian I
D) Nero
- 12. What significant architectural project is attributed to Justinian I?
A) Stonehenge
B) Hagia Sophia
C) Colosseum
D) Pantheon
- 13. Which emperor is known for his philosophical writings, particularly 'Meditations'?
A) Hadrian
B) Diocletian
C) Marcus Aurelius
D) Trajan
- 14. Which famous Roman historian wrote 'The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'?
A) Livy
B) Tacitus
C) Edward Gibbon
D) Pliny the Elder
- 15. What was the main outcome of the First Council of Nicaea?
A) Council of Chalcedon
B) Edict of Milan
C) Council of Constantinople
D) Nicene Creed
- 16. The Edict of Milan was issued in what year?
A) 313 CE
B) 324 CE
C) 301 CE
D) 337 CE
- 17. Which barbarian tribe famously sacked Rome in 410 CE?
A) Visigoths
B) Ostrogoths
C) Vandals
D) Huns
- 18. The Eastern Roman Empire is also known as what?
A) Byzantine Empire
B) Ottoman Empire
C) Frankish Empire
D) Holy Roman Empire
- 19. Which barbarian leader deposed the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus?
A) Hermann
B) Attila
C) Alaric
D) Odoacer
- 20. Which invaders were known for their horse-riding skills and caused havoc in the 5th century?
A) Goths
B) Huns
C) Vandals
D) Franks
- 21. The Huns, a significant threat to the Roman Empire, originated from which region?
A) Western Asia
B) Northern Europe
C) Central Asia
D) Eastern Europe
- 22. In what year did Constantine convene the First Council of Nicaea?
A) 325
B) 400
C) 393
D) 350
- 23. What architectural innovation is associated with the Late Empire?
A) The aqueduct
B) The forum
C) The basilica
D) The amphitheater
- 24. Diocletian divided the Roman Empire into administrative regions called what?
A) Dioceses
B) Territories
C) Cantons
D) Provinces
- 25. What role did the Senate play during the Late Empire?
A) Military command
B) Supreme ruling body
C) Religious leadership
D) Limited authority and power
- 26. What year is generally marked as the traditional end of the Western Roman Empire?
A) 476 BCE
B) 476 CE
C) 410 CE
D) 500 CE
- 27. What was the significance of the Council of Nicaea in 325 CE?
A) It authorized military campaigns
B) It established Christian doctrine
C) It formed alliances with barbarians
D) It ended paganism
- 28. Which emperor is known for attempting to restore traditional Roman religions?
A) Valens
B) Julian
C) Constantine II
D) Theodosius I
- 29. Which philosophical movement gained popularity in the Late Empire?
A) Stoicism
B) Epicureanism
C) Cynicism
D) Neoplatonism
- 30. What was built in honor of the reign of Augustus?
A) Ara Pacis
B) Forum of Trajan
C) Basilica of Maxentius
D) Arch of Constantine
- 31. What was a common practice to fund the Roman military in the Late Empire?
A) Taxation
B) Debasing currency
C) Land grants
D) Trade tariffs
- 32. The Byzantine Empire continued to exist until which year?
A) 476 CE
B) 1453 CE
C) 1000 CE
D) 1204 CE
- 33. The Great Persecution of Christians primarily occurred under which emperor?
A) Diocletian
B) Constantius II
C) Constantine I
D) Julian
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