- 1. The Late Empire, spanning from 337 to 476 CE, marks a significant and transformative period in the history of the Roman Empire characterized by profound political, social, and military changes. Following the reign of Constantine the Great, who founded Constantinople and embraced Christianity, the empire experienced a shift in religious dynamics and governance, leading to the rise of Christian orthodoxy and the decline of pagan traditions. This era witnessed the division of the empire into Eastern and Western regions, each with its own administrative challenges and cultural influences. The Western Roman Empire struggled with internal strife, economic hardship, and increasing pressure from barbarian invasions, which culminated in the eventual fall of Rome in 476 CE when the last emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed. Amidst these upheavals, the Late Empire also saw noteworthy developments, including the codification of Roman law, the flourishing of early Christian theology, and the establishment of new alliances and conflicts with various Germanic tribes. While the Western Empire succumbed to external forces, the Eastern Byzantine Empire continued to thrive, preserving and transforming Roman heritage in the centuries that followed.
What year marked the beginning of the Late Empire?
A) 313
B) 476
C) 337
D) 200
- 2. Who was the first emperor of the Late Empire?
A) Theodosius I
B) Constantine the Great
C) Diocletian
D) Julian
- 3. Which city became the new capital of the Roman Empire under Constantine?
A) Antioch
B) Constantinople
C) Alexandria
D) Rome
- 4. Which religious policy did Constantine famously endorse?
A) Edict of Milan
B) Nicaean Creed
C) Council of Trent
D) Pax Romana
- 5. What was the main religion of the Roman Empire after the reign of Theodosius I?
A) Christianity
B) Zoroastrianism
C) Paganism
D) Judaism
- 6. Which battle in 312 CE was a turning point for Constantine's rise to power?
A) Battle of Cannae
B) Battle of Adrianople
C) Battle of Milvian Bridge
D) Battle of Actium
- 7. Which emperor divided the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western halves?
A) Constantine
B) Diocletian
C) Theodosius I
D) Augustus
- 8. Which barbarian group notably defeated the Roman army at the Battle of Adrianople in 378 CE?
A) Goths
B) Vandals
C) Franks
D) Huns
- 9. What was the principal cause of the decline of the Western Roman Empire?
A) Cultural homogeneity
B) Barbarian invasions
C) Economic prosperity
D) Political stability
- 10. Who was the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire?
A) Romulus Augustulus
B) Theodosius II
C) Constantine XI
D) Julian
- 11. Who famously attempted to reunify the Roman Empire in the 6th century?
A) Nero
B) Marcus Aurelius
C) Justinian I
D) Caligula
- 12. What significant architectural project is attributed to Justinian I?
A) Pantheon
B) Colosseum
C) Hagia Sophia
D) Stonehenge
- 13. Which emperor is known for his philosophical writings, particularly 'Meditations'?
A) Trajan
B) Hadrian
C) Diocletian
D) Marcus Aurelius
- 14. Which famous Roman historian wrote 'The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'?
A) Edward Gibbon
B) Livy
C) Pliny the Elder
D) Tacitus
- 15. What was the main outcome of the First Council of Nicaea?
A) Council of Constantinople
B) Nicene Creed
C) Edict of Milan
D) Council of Chalcedon
- 16. The Edict of Milan was issued in what year?
A) 313 CE
B) 324 CE
C) 337 CE
D) 301 CE
- 17. Which barbarian tribe famously sacked Rome in 410 CE?
A) Ostrogoths
B) Visigoths
C) Vandals
D) Huns
- 18. The Eastern Roman Empire is also known as what?
A) Byzantine Empire
B) Holy Roman Empire
C) Frankish Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
- 19. Which barbarian leader deposed the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus?
A) Hermann
B) Odoacer
C) Alaric
D) Attila
- 20. Which invaders were known for their horse-riding skills and caused havoc in the 5th century?
A) Huns
B) Vandals
C) Goths
D) Franks
- 21. The Huns, a significant threat to the Roman Empire, originated from which region?
A) Western Asia
B) Central Asia
C) Northern Europe
D) Eastern Europe
- 22. In what year did Constantine convene the First Council of Nicaea?
A) 393
B) 325
C) 400
D) 350
- 23. What architectural innovation is associated with the Late Empire?
A) The basilica
B) The amphitheater
C) The aqueduct
D) The forum
- 24. Diocletian divided the Roman Empire into administrative regions called what?
A) Provinces
B) Cantons
C) Territories
D) Dioceses
- 25. What role did the Senate play during the Late Empire?
A) Supreme ruling body
B) Religious leadership
C) Military command
D) Limited authority and power
- 26. What year is generally marked as the traditional end of the Western Roman Empire?
A) 476 CE
B) 500 CE
C) 410 CE
D) 476 BCE
- 27. What was the significance of the Council of Nicaea in 325 CE?
A) It authorized military campaigns
B) It established Christian doctrine
C) It ended paganism
D) It formed alliances with barbarians
- 28. Which emperor is known for attempting to restore traditional Roman religions?
A) Constantine II
B) Julian
C) Theodosius I
D) Valens
- 29. Which philosophical movement gained popularity in the Late Empire?
A) Stoicism
B) Epicureanism
C) Neoplatonism
D) Cynicism
- 30. What was built in honor of the reign of Augustus?
A) Forum of Trajan
B) Ara Pacis
C) Arch of Constantine
D) Basilica of Maxentius
- 31. What was a common practice to fund the Roman military in the Late Empire?
A) Land grants
B) Debasing currency
C) Trade tariffs
D) Taxation
- 32. The Byzantine Empire continued to exist until which year?
A) 1453 CE
B) 1204 CE
C) 476 CE
D) 1000 CE
- 33. The Great Persecution of Christians primarily occurred under which emperor?
A) Constantius II
B) Diocletian
C) Julian
D) Constantine I
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