CDI-5
  • 1. The Fire Triangle illustrates that fire cannot exist without all three elements. Which combination correctly represents the Fire Triangle?
A) Heat, Smoke, Flame
B) Fuel, Oxygen, Chemical Chain Reaction
C) Fuel, Oxygen, Heat
D) Oxygen, Flame, Ignition
  • 2. The Fire Tetrahedron adds one more element to the Fire Triangle. What does this additional element represent?
A) Fuel expansion
B) Heat radiation
C) Smoke production
D) Chemical chain reaction
  • 3. Which of the following BEST describes “products of combustion”?
A) Chemicals used to extinguish fire
B) Materials that resist burning
C) Substances produced as a result of burning
D) Materials used to ignite fire
  • 4. Smoke, heat, and toxic gases released during burning are examples of:
A) Combustion by-products
B) Fire extinguishing agents
C) Fire hazards
D) Thermal energy
  • 5. Friction, electricity, and chemical reaction are examples of what?
A) Products of fire spread
B) Sources of heat energy
C) Flame types
D) Forms of oxygen
  • 6. Which source of heat energy occurs when two objects rub together and produce heat?
A) Electrical heat
B) Mechanical heat
C) Chemical heat
D) Solar heat
  • 7. Heat transfer by direct physical contact between molecules is known as:
A) Expansion
B) Conduction
C) Convection
D) Radiation
  • 8. Which method of heat transfer is responsible for the upward movement of hot gases and smoke during a fire?
A) Conduction
B) Radiation
C) Convection
D) Reflection
  • 9. During which stage of fire development does the fire rapidly grow and heat build up, eventually leading to possible flashover?
A) Growth stage
B) Decay stage
C) Incipient stage
D) Fully developed stage
  • 10. The final stage of fire development, characterized by a drop in fuel or oxygen and reduced flame activity, is the:
A) Ignition stage
B) Fully developed stage
C) Growth stage
D) Decay stage
  • 11. A kitchen fire starts when oil on a pan overheats and ignites. Which element of the Fire Triangle was the FIRST to increase, causing the ignition?
A) Heat
B) Chemical chain reaction
C) Fuel
D) Oxygen
  • 12. A firefighter removes burning materials from a room to stop the fire from spreading. Which part of the Fire Triangle is being eliminated?
A) Heat
B) Chemical chain reaction
C) Fuel
D) Oxygen
  • 13. When a chemical fire continues to burn even after removing heat and fuel, which element of the Fire Tetrahedron is sustaining the fire?
A) Water vapor
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Chemical chain reaction
D) Oxygen
  • 14. firefighter enters a smoke-filled room and notices reduced visibility and strong toxic fumes. Which product of combustion is causing the MOST danger in this scenario?
A) Light
B) Heat
C) Steam
D) Toxic gases
  • 15. A wooden building ignites due to a lightning strike during a storm. Which source of heat energy triggered the fire?
A) Chemical heat
B) Mechanical heat
C) Electrical heat
D) Solar heat
  • 16. A steel beam heats up because it is directly touching a burning wooden wall. Which method of heat transfer is responsible?
A) Radiation
B) Conduction
C) Reflection
D) Convection
  • 17. Thick, black smoke rapidly fills the upper portion of a room and begins to push downward as temperature rises. Which method of heat transfer explains this movement?
A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Refractive heating
D) Radiation
  • 18. A fire investigator concludes that sunlight passing through a broken glass window concentrated heat onto a rug, causing ignition. Which heat source is being applied here?
A) Electrical
B) Solar
C) Chemical
D) Mechanical
  • 19. A fire suddenly engulfs an entire room after heat builds up and gases reach ignition temperature. Which stage of fire development is demonstrated?
A) Growth
B) Incipient
C) Fully developed
D) Flashover leading to fully developed stage
  • 20. After firefighters knock down most of the flames, the fire weakens because combustible materials are consumed. Which stage of fire development is the fire entering?
A) Decay stage
B) Growth stage
C) Incipient stage
D) Fully developed stage
  • 21. A Class A fire involves which type of material?
A) Electrical equipment
B) Flammable liquids
C) Combustible metals
D) Ordinary combustibles like wood and cloth
  • 22. A fire involving gasoline and oil is classified as:
A) Class D
B) Class B
C) Class C
D) Class A
  • 23. What type of fire extinguisher is MOST appropriate for an electrical fire?
A) Water extinguisher
B) CO₂ or dry chemical extinguisher
C) Foam extinguisher
D) Wet chemical extinguisher
  • 24. Which fire extinguishing method works by lowering the temperature below ignition point?
A) Smothering
B) Cooling
C) Starvation
D) Inhibiting chemical chain reaction
  • 25. Removing combustible materials from a burning area is an example of which extinguishing method?
A) Cooling
B) Chemical inhibition
C) Starvation
D) Smothering
  • 26. The BEST method to extinguish a Class K (kitchen) fire caused by hot cooking oil is:
A) Smother with a lid or use wet chemical extinguisher
B) Use a CO₂ extinguisher
C) Lower the room temperature
D) Pour water directly
  • 27. Fire prevention primarily focuses on:
A) Suppressing flames as quickly as possible
B) Educating the public and eliminating hazards before ignition
C) Investigating causes of existing fires
D) Responding to fires that have already started
  • 28. Fire suppression refers to:
A) Controlling and extinguishing active fires
B) Stopping fires from starting
C) Investigating the fire’s cause
D) Training firefighters
  • 29. Which phase of firefighting includes exposure protection and preventing the fire from spreading?
A) Rescue phase
B) Mop-up phase
C) Overhaul phase
D) Confinement phase
  • 30. After the main fire is extinguished, firefighters check for hidden embers and remaining hotspots. This activity is part of the:
A) Initial attack phase
B) Rescue phase
C) Size-up phase
D) Overhaul phase
  • 31. Which fire class involves combustible solids like wood, cloth, and paper?
A) Class B
B) Class D
C) Class C
D) Class A
  • 32. What is the most appropriate extinguishing method for Class A fires?
A) Cooling with water
B) Using CO₂
C) Smothering with foam
D) Using dry powder
  • 33. Which fire class involves flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, or paint?
A) Class C
B) Class B
C) Class D
D) Class K
  • 34. Which extinguishing agent is recommended for electrical (Class C) fires?
A) Wet chemical agent
B) Sand
C) Water extinguisher
D) CO₂ or dry chemical powder
  • 35. Which method of extinguishing fire works by removing oxygen from the fire triangle?
A) Smothering
B) Radiation
C) Cooling
D) Starvation
  • 36. Which of the following is the BEST example of fire prevention?
A) Using foam to stop fire growth
B) Performing regular maintenance on electrical systems
C) Removing burning materials
D) Closing doors to slow fire spread
  • 37. What is the FIRST phase of firefighting?
A) Salvage
B) Size-up
C) Suppression
D) Overhaul
  • 38. During which phase of firefighting do firefighters primarily work to extinguish the fire and stop its spread?
A) Salvage
B) Suppression
C) Control
D) Overhaul
  • 39. The phase in which firefighters search for hidden embers and prevent rekindling is called:
A) Size-up
B) Overhaul
C) Salvage
D) Control
  • 40. Which action is part of fire control rather than fire prevention?
A) Properly storing flammable liquids
B) Educating the public about fire hazards
C) Installing smoke detectors
D) Confine the fire to its area of origin
  • 41. Which of the following is an example of active fire protection?
A) Fire sprinkler system
B) Fire-stopping materials
C) Fire doors
D) Fire-resistant walls
  • 42. Which device detects smoke particles in the air using a light beam?
A) Ionization detector
B) Photoelectric smoke detector
C) Heat detector
D) CO detector
  • 43. Which of the following is considered passive fire protection?
A) Fire extinguishers
B) Fire alarm systems
C) Fire-rated walls and ceilings
D) Automatic sprinklers
  • 44. What type of detector activates when the temperature reaches a set level?
A) Smoke detector
B) Heat detector
C) Carbon monoxide detector
D) Flame detector
  • 45. Which fire suppression system uses water as its primary extinguishing agent?
A) Dry chemical system
B) CO₂ system
C) Water sprinkler system
D) FM-200 system
  • 46. Which component alerts building occupants during a fire emergency?
A) Manual pull station
B) Alarm sounder or bell
C) Control panel
D) Heat detector
  • 47. The main function of a flame detector is to detect:
A) Smoke particles
B) Carbon monoxide levels
C) Rising temperature
D) Visible or infrared light from flames
  • 48. Which system must be manually activated by a person?
A) Automatic sprinkler
B) Manual pull station
C) Smoke detector
D) Fire pump
  • 49. Fire doors are classified as what type of fire protection?
A) Passive
B) Detection system
C) Special protection
D) Active
  • 50. Which fire suppression agent is best for protecting sensitive electronic equipment?
A) FM-200
B) Water
C) Sand
D) CO₂
  • 51. Which device sends signals to the fire alarm control panel once smoke or heat is detected?
A) Automatic detector
B) Fire hose reel
C) Fire vent
D) Sprinkler head
  • 52. A fire alarm control panel is considered:
A) System control center
B) Passive fire component
C) Detection equipment
D) Notification appliance
  • 53. Which of the following is not an active fire protection system?
A) Fire alarm
B) Fire hose reel
C) Fire-resistant flooring
D) Smoke detector
  • 54. Which type of suppression system releases fine mist to cool and smother the fire?
A) Water mist system
B) Wet pipe sprinkler
C) CO₂ system
D) Dry chemical system
  • 55. The purpose of passive fire protection is to:
A) Contain fire and prevent spread
B) Detect fire early
C) Suppress fire automatically
D) Notify building occupants
  • 56. Which system activates only after a sprinkler head’s glass bulb bursts?
A) Dry pipe system
B) Wet pipe sprinkler system
C) Deluge system
D) CO₂ flooding system
  • 57. What component is used to manually signal a fire emergency?
A) Fire extinguisher bracket
B) Smoke barrier
C) Fire damper
D) Manual call point
  • 58. Fire dampers installed in air ducts are an example of:
A) Active suppression
B) Alarm notification
C) Passive fire protection
D) Active fire detection
  • 59. A device that sounds an alarm when smoke levels exceed a threshold is a:
A) Smoke detector
B) Ventilation damper
C) Fire hose
D) Fire hydrant
  • 60. Which equipment actively releases an extinguishing agent to control fire?
A) Fire-resistant walls
B) Fire-rated doors
C) Fire sprinkler
D) Fire partitions
  • 61. Which law governs the penal provisions for arson that replaced Article 320 of the Revised Penal Code?
A) PD 1602
B) RA 9262
C) PD 1613
D) RA 9851
  • 62. Under PD 1613, which is considered simple arson?
A) Burning an inhabited house
B) Burning a government office
C) Burning a warehouse used as storage for goods
D) Burning a school building
  • 63. Which of the following constitutes destructive arson under PD 1613?
A) Burning an uninhabited hut
B) Burning one’s own belongings inside a private room
C) Burning a public building or government-owned structure
D) Burning a pile of garbage
  • 64. What is the essential element of arson under PD 1613?
A) Burning occurred due to natural causes
B) The property is damaged due to negligence
C) Intentional and malicious burning of property
D) The fire was caused by accident
  • 65. Under PD 1613, which of the following acts does NOT constitute arson?
A) Burning grass in an empty lot accidentally
B) Burning a neighbor’s vehicle out of revenge
C) Setting fire to a building used for business
D) Deliberately burning crops belonging to another
  • 66. What is the penalty for destructive arson under PD 1613?
A) Arresto mayor
B) Reclusion temporal
C) Reclusion perpetua to death
D) Fine only
  • 67. Which scenario qualifies as arson “committed by means of explosion” under PD 1613?
A) A fire starts because of faulty electrical wiring
B) Fire spreads naturally due to strong wind
C) A person accidentally drops gasoline near a flame
D) A person uses a bomb to set a building on fire
  • 68. Under PD 1613, burning a building that is inhabited or used as a dwelling is classified as:
A) Negligent arson
B) Simple arson
C) Destructive arson
D) Accidental burning
  • 69. Which act constitutes attempted arson under PD 1613?
A) The suspect reports a fake fire
B) The suspect prepares gasoline but takes no action
C) The suspect lights a match and places it on property but fire fails to spread
D) The suspect successfully burns a house
  • 70. Under PD 1613, which is a qualifying circumstance that increases criminal liability for arson?
A) Fire caused by lightning
B) Arson committed to conceal another crime
C) Arson committed on an empty field
D) Arson committed accidentally
  • 71. A man intentionally burns his own warehouse to collect insurance. The fire spreads and destroys his neighbor’s store. What crime is he liable for under PD 1613?
A) No crime, since it was his own property
B) Destructive arson
C) Arson with intent to defraud
D) Simple arson
  • 72. A tenant sets fire to the apartment unit he is renting due to anger at the landlord. The apartment contains multiple dwellers. What type of arson applies?
A) Destructive arson
B) Accidental arson
C) Attempted arson
D) Simple arson
  • 73. A farmer burns his own rice field intentionally. The act is contained to his property only. What crime, if any, did he commit?
A) No arson
B) Simple arson
C) Destructive arson
D) Malicious mischief
  • 74. A person pours gasoline on a neighbor’s car and lights it on fire. The car is parked in an open garage attached to the house. What is the most appropriate classification?
A) Attempted arson
B) Simple arson
C) Malicious burning
D) Destructive arson
  • 75. A suspect lights a cloth soaked in gasoline and places it inside a store at night, but the fire dies out before spreading. What crime is committed?
A) No crime
B) Attempted arson
C) Destructive arson
D) Simple arson
  • 76. A student accidentally knocks over a candle that burns part of a classroom wall. What crime applies under PD 1613?
A) Destructive arson
B) Accidental fire (no arson)
C) Reckless imprudence resulting in damage
D) Simple arson
  • 77. A man burns a public market stall to destroy evidence after stealing valuables. Which qualifies this act under PD 1613?
A) Arson with a qualifying circumstance
B) Accidental burning
C) Simple arson
D) Destructive arson
  • 78. A factory owner purposely sets fire to a storage building containing toxic chemicals, causing danger to nearby residents. How is this classified?
A) Attempted arson
B) Malicious mischief
C) Destructive arson
D) Simple arson
  • 79. A child throws a lit match inside an uninhabited abandoned house as a prank, causing it to burn down. What is the legal implication?
A) Destructive arson
B) Simple arson because the structure is not inhabited
C) Attempted arson
D) No arson since the building is abandoned
  • 80. A person sets fire to a church using gasoline. No one is inside, but the building is severely damaged. How is this evaluated under PD 1613?
A) Simple arson
B) Accidental arson
C) Attempted arson
D) Destructive arson
  • 81. When arriving at a fire scene, what is the first step in evaluating it?
A) Conduct a systematic scene survey
B) Interview witnesses before observing the scene
C) Start extinguishing the fire immediately
D) Remove debris to access the fire origin
  • 82. A char pattern on a wooden floor forms a V-shape pointing toward a wall. What does this indicate?
A) Fire was caused by electrical fault
B) Fire originated near the wall
C) Fire started on the ceiling
D) Fire moved randomly
  • 83. Deep charring on the floor and furniture in one room suggests what about the fire?
A) That room is likely the point of origin
B) The fire burned slowly
C) The fire was electrical
D) The fire started elsewhere
  • 84. Which type of evidence is MOST important for determining the cause of a fire?
A) Firefighter reports only
B) Newspaper articles
C) Burn patterns
D) Witness statements only
  • 85. A room shows heavy charring near an outlet. What is the likely cause of fire?
A) Lightning strike
B) Electrical malfunction
C) Arson
D) Cooking accident
  • 86. If multiple small V-shaped patterns are found pointing toward one spot on the floor, this usually indicates:
A) Fire was accidental
B) Fire started from a single point
C) Fire moved randomly
D) Fire started from multiple points (possible arson)
  • 87. Heavy smoke staining on walls near the ceiling helps investigators determine:
A) The exact cause of the fire
B) The spread and direction of fire
C) Who caused the fire
D) The time the fire started
  • 88. Alligatoring of wood surfaces (cracks in char resembling alligator skin) indicates:
A) Fire started recently
B) Fire was caused by chemicals
C) The intensity and duration of burning
D) Water was applied early
  • 89. Which observation suggests the fire may have been intentionally set?
A) Uniform burn throughout the room
B) Single area of deep charring
C) Multiple points of origin
D) Fire confined to kitchen appliances
  • 90. Burn patterns that show “inverted cones” or holes in the ceiling usually indicate:
A) Fire involved accelerants
B) Fire burned slowly
C) Fire started on the floor
D) Fire was electrical
  • 91. At a fire scene, investigators notice that a single room is almost completely charred while adjacent rooms are lightly damaged. What does this suggest?
A) The fire started on the roof
B) The fire was accidental
C) The fire originated in the adjacent rooms
D) The heavily charred room is likely the point of origin
  • 92. A V-shaped burn pattern on a wooden wall points toward a corner. What can be inferred?
A) Fire was caused by natural causes
B) Fire moved away from the corner
C) Fire originated on the ceiling
D) Fire likely originated at that corner
  • 93. Investigators find multiple deep charring points in different areas of a room. What conclusion is most reasonable?
A) Fire started accidentally from one source
B) Fire was caused by faulty ventilation
C) Fire was caused by lightning
D) Fire may have been intentionally set (possible arson)
  • 94. Heavy smoke staining is observed on the upper walls and ceiling. What information does this provide?
A) The fire was caused by an electrical fault
B) The fire was intentionally set
C) The fire started low and spread upwards
D) The fire started at ceiling level
  • 95. Alligatoring of wooden surfaces is present in the room. What does this indicate?
A) Fire was accidental
B) Fire involved water accelerants
C) Fire was brief and low intensity
D) Fire was intense and lasted a significant duration
  • 96. A kitchen shows charring confined only to the stove area with minimal damage elsewhere. What is the most likely cause?
A) Arson
B) Cooking accident
C) Lightning strike
D) Electrical fire
  • 97. Inverted cone burn patterns are observed on the floor and walls. What does this suggest about the fire?
A) Fire was caused by electrical short circuit
B) Accelerants were likely used
C) Fire was caused by a natural source
D) Fire started in the ceiling
  • 98. Investigators note a burn pattern that moves from a lower corner to the ceiling in a distinct path. What can be inferred?
A) Fire was intentionally started on the roof
B) Fire originated on the ceiling
C) Fire was accidental
D) Fire started at the lower corner and spread upward
  • 99. A garage has several burn patterns concentrated near stored gasoline cans. What is the likely cause of fire?
A) Fire ignited using accelerants
B) Electrical malfunction
C) Lightning strike
D) Spontaneous combustion
  • 100. Multiple rooms show similar V-shaped burn patterns pointing toward a central point. What does this suggest about the fire scene?
A) Fire was accidental
B) Fire spread from the ceiling
C) Fire started outside the building
D) Central point may indicate multiple ignition sources (possible arson)
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