CDI-5
  • 1. The Fire Triangle illustrates that fire cannot exist without all three elements. Which combination correctly represents the Fire Triangle?
A) Fuel, Oxygen, Chemical Chain Reaction
B) Fuel, Oxygen, Heat
C) Oxygen, Flame, Ignition
D) Heat, Smoke, Flame
  • 2. The Fire Tetrahedron adds one more element to the Fire Triangle. What does this additional element represent?
A) Chemical chain reaction
B) Smoke production
C) Fuel expansion
D) Heat radiation
  • 3. Which of the following BEST describes “products of combustion”?
A) Materials that resist burning
B) Chemicals used to extinguish fire
C) Materials used to ignite fire
D) Substances produced as a result of burning
  • 4. Smoke, heat, and toxic gases released during burning are examples of:
A) Combustion by-products
B) Thermal energy
C) Fire hazards
D) Fire extinguishing agents
  • 5. Friction, electricity, and chemical reaction are examples of what?
A) Flame types
B) Forms of oxygen
C) Sources of heat energy
D) Products of fire spread
  • 6. Which source of heat energy occurs when two objects rub together and produce heat?
A) Solar heat
B) Mechanical heat
C) Chemical heat
D) Electrical heat
  • 7. Heat transfer by direct physical contact between molecules is known as:
A) Conduction
B) Radiation
C) Expansion
D) Convection
  • 8. Which method of heat transfer is responsible for the upward movement of hot gases and smoke during a fire?
A) Radiation
B) Convection
C) Reflection
D) Conduction
  • 9. During which stage of fire development does the fire rapidly grow and heat build up, eventually leading to possible flashover?
A) Growth stage
B) Decay stage
C) Incipient stage
D) Fully developed stage
  • 10. The final stage of fire development, characterized by a drop in fuel or oxygen and reduced flame activity, is the:
A) Ignition stage
B) Decay stage
C) Fully developed stage
D) Growth stage
  • 11. A kitchen fire starts when oil on a pan overheats and ignites. Which element of the Fire Triangle was the FIRST to increase, causing the ignition?
A) Chemical chain reaction
B) Oxygen
C) Fuel
D) Heat
  • 12. A firefighter removes burning materials from a room to stop the fire from spreading. Which part of the Fire Triangle is being eliminated?
A) Chemical chain reaction
B) Oxygen
C) Heat
D) Fuel
  • 13. When a chemical fire continues to burn even after removing heat and fuel, which element of the Fire Tetrahedron is sustaining the fire?
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Chemical chain reaction
D) Water vapor
  • 14. firefighter enters a smoke-filled room and notices reduced visibility and strong toxic fumes. Which product of combustion is causing the MOST danger in this scenario?
A) Toxic gases
B) Heat
C) Steam
D) Light
  • 15. A wooden building ignites due to a lightning strike during a storm. Which source of heat energy triggered the fire?
A) Chemical heat
B) Solar heat
C) Mechanical heat
D) Electrical heat
  • 16. A steel beam heats up because it is directly touching a burning wooden wall. Which method of heat transfer is responsible?
A) Convection
B) Conduction
C) Radiation
D) Reflection
  • 17. Thick, black smoke rapidly fills the upper portion of a room and begins to push downward as temperature rises. Which method of heat transfer explains this movement?
A) Refractive heating
B) Convection
C) Conduction
D) Radiation
  • 18. A fire investigator concludes that sunlight passing through a broken glass window concentrated heat onto a rug, causing ignition. Which heat source is being applied here?
A) Electrical
B) Mechanical
C) Chemical
D) Solar
  • 19. A fire suddenly engulfs an entire room after heat builds up and gases reach ignition temperature. Which stage of fire development is demonstrated?
A) Fully developed
B) Incipient
C) Flashover leading to fully developed stage
D) Growth
  • 20. After firefighters knock down most of the flames, the fire weakens because combustible materials are consumed. Which stage of fire development is the fire entering?
A) Incipient stage
B) Fully developed stage
C) Decay stage
D) Growth stage
  • 21. A Class A fire involves which type of material?
A) Combustible metals
B) Ordinary combustibles like wood and cloth
C) Electrical equipment
D) Flammable liquids
  • 22. A fire involving gasoline and oil is classified as:
A) Class B
B) Class A
C) Class D
D) Class C
  • 23. What type of fire extinguisher is MOST appropriate for an electrical fire?
A) Water extinguisher
B) CO₂ or dry chemical extinguisher
C) Foam extinguisher
D) Wet chemical extinguisher
  • 24. Which fire extinguishing method works by lowering the temperature below ignition point?
A) Starvation
B) Cooling
C) Smothering
D) Inhibiting chemical chain reaction
  • 25. Removing combustible materials from a burning area is an example of which extinguishing method?
A) Starvation
B) Cooling
C) Chemical inhibition
D) Smothering
  • 26. The BEST method to extinguish a Class K (kitchen) fire caused by hot cooking oil is:
A) Smother with a lid or use wet chemical extinguisher
B) Pour water directly
C) Lower the room temperature
D) Use a CO₂ extinguisher
  • 27. Fire prevention primarily focuses on:
A) Investigating causes of existing fires
B) Educating the public and eliminating hazards before ignition
C) Suppressing flames as quickly as possible
D) Responding to fires that have already started
  • 28. Fire suppression refers to:
A) Training firefighters
B) Stopping fires from starting
C) Investigating the fire’s cause
D) Controlling and extinguishing active fires
  • 29. Which phase of firefighting includes exposure protection and preventing the fire from spreading?
A) Overhaul phase
B) Confinement phase
C) Rescue phase
D) Mop-up phase
  • 30. After the main fire is extinguished, firefighters check for hidden embers and remaining hotspots. This activity is part of the:
A) Initial attack phase
B) Rescue phase
C) Size-up phase
D) Overhaul phase
  • 31. Which fire class involves combustible solids like wood, cloth, and paper?
A) Class B
B) Class C
C) Class A
D) Class D
  • 32. What is the most appropriate extinguishing method for Class A fires?
A) Using dry powder
B) Using CO₂
C) Cooling with water
D) Smothering with foam
  • 33. Which fire class involves flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, or paint?
A) Class C
B) Class B
C) Class K
D) Class D
  • 34. Which extinguishing agent is recommended for electrical (Class C) fires?
A) CO₂ or dry chemical powder
B) Wet chemical agent
C) Sand
D) Water extinguisher
  • 35. Which method of extinguishing fire works by removing oxygen from the fire triangle?
A) Cooling
B) Radiation
C) Smothering
D) Starvation
  • 36. Which of the following is the BEST example of fire prevention?
A) Closing doors to slow fire spread
B) Using foam to stop fire growth
C) Removing burning materials
D) Performing regular maintenance on electrical systems
  • 37. What is the FIRST phase of firefighting?
A) Overhaul
B) Salvage
C) Size-up
D) Suppression
  • 38. During which phase of firefighting do firefighters primarily work to extinguish the fire and stop its spread?
A) Suppression
B) Overhaul
C) Control
D) Salvage
  • 39. The phase in which firefighters search for hidden embers and prevent rekindling is called:
A) Size-up
B) Overhaul
C) Salvage
D) Control
  • 40. Which action is part of fire control rather than fire prevention?
A) Properly storing flammable liquids
B) Confine the fire to its area of origin
C) Installing smoke detectors
D) Educating the public about fire hazards
  • 41. Which of the following is an example of active fire protection?
A) Fire-resistant walls
B) Fire-stopping materials
C) Fire doors
D) Fire sprinkler system
  • 42. Which device detects smoke particles in the air using a light beam?
A) CO detector
B) Ionization detector
C) Heat detector
D) Photoelectric smoke detector
  • 43. Which of the following is considered passive fire protection?
A) Fire-rated walls and ceilings
B) Fire extinguishers
C) Fire alarm systems
D) Automatic sprinklers
  • 44. What type of detector activates when the temperature reaches a set level?
A) Heat detector
B) Flame detector
C) Carbon monoxide detector
D) Smoke detector
  • 45. Which fire suppression system uses water as its primary extinguishing agent?
A) CO₂ system
B) Dry chemical system
C) Water sprinkler system
D) FM-200 system
  • 46. Which component alerts building occupants during a fire emergency?
A) Control panel
B) Alarm sounder or bell
C) Heat detector
D) Manual pull station
  • 47. The main function of a flame detector is to detect:
A) Smoke particles
B) Rising temperature
C) Carbon monoxide levels
D) Visible or infrared light from flames
  • 48. Which system must be manually activated by a person?
A) Automatic sprinkler
B) Manual pull station
C) Smoke detector
D) Fire pump
  • 49. Fire doors are classified as what type of fire protection?
A) Passive
B) Detection system
C) Special protection
D) Active
  • 50. Which fire suppression agent is best for protecting sensitive electronic equipment?
A) CO₂
B) Water
C) FM-200
D) Sand
  • 51. Which device sends signals to the fire alarm control panel once smoke or heat is detected?
A) Sprinkler head
B) Fire vent
C) Automatic detector
D) Fire hose reel
  • 52. A fire alarm control panel is considered:
A) Passive fire component
B) System control center
C) Notification appliance
D) Detection equipment
  • 53. Which of the following is not an active fire protection system?
A) Fire-resistant flooring
B) Fire hose reel
C) Smoke detector
D) Fire alarm
  • 54. Which type of suppression system releases fine mist to cool and smother the fire?
A) Dry chemical system
B) Water mist system
C) CO₂ system
D) Wet pipe sprinkler
  • 55. The purpose of passive fire protection is to:
A) Contain fire and prevent spread
B) Detect fire early
C) Notify building occupants
D) Suppress fire automatically
  • 56. Which system activates only after a sprinkler head’s glass bulb bursts?
A) Wet pipe sprinkler system
B) Deluge system
C) CO₂ flooding system
D) Dry pipe system
  • 57. What component is used to manually signal a fire emergency?
A) Manual call point
B) Smoke barrier
C) Fire extinguisher bracket
D) Fire damper
  • 58. Fire dampers installed in air ducts are an example of:
A) Passive fire protection
B) Alarm notification
C) Active suppression
D) Active fire detection
  • 59. A device that sounds an alarm when smoke levels exceed a threshold is a:
A) Smoke detector
B) Fire hydrant
C) Fire hose
D) Ventilation damper
  • 60. Which equipment actively releases an extinguishing agent to control fire?
A) Fire partitions
B) Fire-resistant walls
C) Fire sprinkler
D) Fire-rated doors
  • 61. Which law governs the penal provisions for arson that replaced Article 320 of the Revised Penal Code?
A) RA 9262
B) PD 1602
C) PD 1613
D) RA 9851
  • 62. Under PD 1613, which is considered simple arson?
A) Burning a warehouse used as storage for goods
B) Burning a government office
C) Burning an inhabited house
D) Burning a school building
  • 63. Which of the following constitutes destructive arson under PD 1613?
A) Burning a public building or government-owned structure
B) Burning one’s own belongings inside a private room
C) Burning an uninhabited hut
D) Burning a pile of garbage
  • 64. What is the essential element of arson under PD 1613?
A) The property is damaged due to negligence
B) The fire was caused by accident
C) Intentional and malicious burning of property
D) Burning occurred due to natural causes
  • 65. Under PD 1613, which of the following acts does NOT constitute arson?
A) Burning grass in an empty lot accidentally
B) Burning a neighbor’s vehicle out of revenge
C) Deliberately burning crops belonging to another
D) Setting fire to a building used for business
  • 66. What is the penalty for destructive arson under PD 1613?
A) Reclusion perpetua to death
B) Fine only
C) Reclusion temporal
D) Arresto mayor
  • 67. Which scenario qualifies as arson “committed by means of explosion” under PD 1613?
A) A person accidentally drops gasoline near a flame
B) A fire starts because of faulty electrical wiring
C) A person uses a bomb to set a building on fire
D) Fire spreads naturally due to strong wind
  • 68. Under PD 1613, burning a building that is inhabited or used as a dwelling is classified as:
A) Accidental burning
B) Destructive arson
C) Simple arson
D) Negligent arson
  • 69. Which act constitutes attempted arson under PD 1613?
A) The suspect reports a fake fire
B) The suspect prepares gasoline but takes no action
C) The suspect lights a match and places it on property but fire fails to spread
D) The suspect successfully burns a house
  • 70. Under PD 1613, which is a qualifying circumstance that increases criminal liability for arson?
A) Arson committed accidentally
B) Fire caused by lightning
C) Arson committed on an empty field
D) Arson committed to conceal another crime
  • 71. A man intentionally burns his own warehouse to collect insurance. The fire spreads and destroys his neighbor’s store. What crime is he liable for under PD 1613?
A) Arson with intent to defraud
B) No crime, since it was his own property
C) Destructive arson
D) Simple arson
  • 72. A tenant sets fire to the apartment unit he is renting due to anger at the landlord. The apartment contains multiple dwellers. What type of arson applies?
A) Destructive arson
B) Attempted arson
C) Accidental arson
D) Simple arson
  • 73. A farmer burns his own rice field intentionally. The act is contained to his property only. What crime, if any, did he commit?
A) Simple arson
B) Malicious mischief
C) Destructive arson
D) No arson
  • 74. A person pours gasoline on a neighbor’s car and lights it on fire. The car is parked in an open garage attached to the house. What is the most appropriate classification?
A) Malicious burning
B) Destructive arson
C) Simple arson
D) Attempted arson
  • 75. A suspect lights a cloth soaked in gasoline and places it inside a store at night, but the fire dies out before spreading. What crime is committed?
A) Attempted arson
B) Destructive arson
C) No crime
D) Simple arson
  • 76. A student accidentally knocks over a candle that burns part of a classroom wall. What crime applies under PD 1613?
A) Reckless imprudence resulting in damage
B) Simple arson
C) Destructive arson
D) Accidental fire (no arson)
  • 77. A man burns a public market stall to destroy evidence after stealing valuables. Which qualifies this act under PD 1613?
A) Arson with a qualifying circumstance
B) Destructive arson
C) Simple arson
D) Accidental burning
  • 78. A factory owner purposely sets fire to a storage building containing toxic chemicals, causing danger to nearby residents. How is this classified?
A) Malicious mischief
B) Destructive arson
C) Attempted arson
D) Simple arson
  • 79. A child throws a lit match inside an uninhabited abandoned house as a prank, causing it to burn down. What is the legal implication?
A) No arson since the building is abandoned
B) Simple arson because the structure is not inhabited
C) Attempted arson
D) Destructive arson
  • 80. A person sets fire to a church using gasoline. No one is inside, but the building is severely damaged. How is this evaluated under PD 1613?
A) Attempted arson
B) Accidental arson
C) Destructive arson
D) Simple arson
  • 81. When arriving at a fire scene, what is the first step in evaluating it?
A) Interview witnesses before observing the scene
B) Remove debris to access the fire origin
C) Conduct a systematic scene survey
D) Start extinguishing the fire immediately
  • 82. A char pattern on a wooden floor forms a V-shape pointing toward a wall. What does this indicate?
A) Fire was caused by electrical fault
B) Fire started on the ceiling
C) Fire moved randomly
D) Fire originated near the wall
  • 83. Deep charring on the floor and furniture in one room suggests what about the fire?
A) The fire started elsewhere
B) The fire was electrical
C) The fire burned slowly
D) That room is likely the point of origin
  • 84. Which type of evidence is MOST important for determining the cause of a fire?
A) Burn patterns
B) Witness statements only
C) Newspaper articles
D) Firefighter reports only
  • 85. A room shows heavy charring near an outlet. What is the likely cause of fire?
A) Lightning strike
B) Cooking accident
C) Arson
D) Electrical malfunction
  • 86. If multiple small V-shaped patterns are found pointing toward one spot on the floor, this usually indicates:
A) Fire started from multiple points (possible arson)
B) Fire started from a single point
C) Fire was accidental
D) Fire moved randomly
  • 87. Heavy smoke staining on walls near the ceiling helps investigators determine:
A) The time the fire started
B) The spread and direction of fire
C) The exact cause of the fire
D) Who caused the fire
  • 88. Alligatoring of wood surfaces (cracks in char resembling alligator skin) indicates:
A) Fire was caused by chemicals
B) The intensity and duration of burning
C) Fire started recently
D) Water was applied early
  • 89. Which observation suggests the fire may have been intentionally set?
A) Single area of deep charring
B) Uniform burn throughout the room
C) Fire confined to kitchen appliances
D) Multiple points of origin
  • 90. Burn patterns that show “inverted cones” or holes in the ceiling usually indicate:
A) Fire involved accelerants
B) Fire burned slowly
C) Fire was electrical
D) Fire started on the floor
  • 91. At a fire scene, investigators notice that a single room is almost completely charred while adjacent rooms are lightly damaged. What does this suggest?
A) The fire originated in the adjacent rooms
B) The fire was accidental
C) The heavily charred room is likely the point of origin
D) The fire started on the roof
  • 92. A V-shaped burn pattern on a wooden wall points toward a corner. What can be inferred?
A) Fire moved away from the corner
B) Fire was caused by natural causes
C) Fire likely originated at that corner
D) Fire originated on the ceiling
  • 93. Investigators find multiple deep charring points in different areas of a room. What conclusion is most reasonable?
A) Fire was caused by lightning
B) Fire started accidentally from one source
C) Fire was caused by faulty ventilation
D) Fire may have been intentionally set (possible arson)
  • 94. Heavy smoke staining is observed on the upper walls and ceiling. What information does this provide?
A) The fire was intentionally set
B) The fire started low and spread upwards
C) The fire was caused by an electrical fault
D) The fire started at ceiling level
  • 95. Alligatoring of wooden surfaces is present in the room. What does this indicate?
A) Fire was accidental
B) Fire was brief and low intensity
C) Fire was intense and lasted a significant duration
D) Fire involved water accelerants
  • 96. A kitchen shows charring confined only to the stove area with minimal damage elsewhere. What is the most likely cause?
A) Cooking accident
B) Electrical fire
C) Lightning strike
D) Arson
  • 97. Inverted cone burn patterns are observed on the floor and walls. What does this suggest about the fire?
A) Fire was caused by a natural source
B) Fire was caused by electrical short circuit
C) Accelerants were likely used
D) Fire started in the ceiling
  • 98. Investigators note a burn pattern that moves from a lower corner to the ceiling in a distinct path. What can be inferred?
A) Fire was intentionally started on the roof
B) Fire started at the lower corner and spread upward
C) Fire was accidental
D) Fire originated on the ceiling
  • 99. A garage has several burn patterns concentrated near stored gasoline cans. What is the likely cause of fire?
A) Spontaneous combustion
B) Electrical malfunction
C) Lightning strike
D) Fire ignited using accelerants
  • 100. Multiple rooms show similar V-shaped burn patterns pointing toward a central point. What does this suggest about the fire scene?
A) Central point may indicate multiple ignition sources (possible arson)
B) Fire spread from the ceiling
C) Fire was accidental
D) Fire started outside the building
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