Greenhouse gas - Quiz
Greenhouse gas
  • 1. What property makes greenhouse gases infrared active?
A) They absorb and emit infrared radiation.
B) They have a symmetrical electric charge distribution.
C) They are composed of only one type of atom.
D) They reflect all solar radiation.
  • 2. What percentage of the Earth's dry atmosphere is nitrogen?
A) 78%
B) 0.9%
C) 0.04%
D) 21%
  • 3. Why are nitrogen and oxygen molecules unaffected by infrared radiation?
A) They reflect infrared light instantly.
B) They are too heavy for radiation to affect.
C) They are monatomic gases.
D) They lack asymmetry in their electrical charge distribution.
  • 4. What characterizes argon in relation to thermal radiation?
A) It absorbs all thermal radiation.
B) It is completely transparent.
C) It emits only visible light.
D) It reflects all thermal radiation.
  • 5. What allows greenhouse gas molecules to interact with electromagnetic radiation?
A) Their total lack of electrical charge.
B) Their extremely high molecular density.
C) Asymmetry in electric charge distribution.
D) Their monatomic structure.
  • 6. What is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere?
A) 0.04%
B) 0.9%
C) 78%
D) 21%
  • 7. What is the metric used to characterize the impact of factors influencing climate?
A) Thermal equilibrium index.
B) Atmospheric pressure density.
C) Radiative forcing.
D) Greenhouse gas saturation.
  • 8. In what units is radiative forcing calculated?
A) Degrees Celsius per year.
B) Watts per square meter.
C) Grams per square centimeter.
D) Joules per cubic meter.
  • 9. What happens when Earth experiences positive radiative forcing?
A) Additional warming occurs.
B) Additional cooling occurs.
C) The atmospheric concentration of nitrogen increases.
D) The Earth reflects more sunlight.
  • 10. Which of the following causes negative radiative forcing?
A) Increased methane concentrations.
B) Decreased cloud cover.
C) Increased carbon dioxide concentrations.
D) Sulfates forming in the atmosphere.
  • 11. How do greenhouse gases affect the lower atmosphere?
A) They accelerate the upward transfer of heat.
B) They cause the lower atmosphere to shrink.
C) They increase the transparency of the air to radiation.
D) They limit radiative heat flow away from the surface.
  • 12. Why is the upper atmosphere cooling due to increased greenhouse gases?
A) The sun provides less energy to the upper layers.
B) The upper atmosphere is absorbing too much solar radiation.
C) Nitrogen levels are increasing in the upper atmosphere.
D) Heat re-emitted by gases escapes to space more easily.
  • 13. What is a structural result of the cooling of the upper atmosphere?
A) The upper atmosphere is becoming more dense.
B) The upper atmosphere is becoming more reflective.
C) The upper atmosphere is expanding.
D) The upper atmosphere is shrinking.
  • 14. What makes argon completely transparent to thermal radiation?
A) It is monatomic.
B) It is made of two atoms of different elements.
C) It has an asymmetric charge.
D) It is a greenhouse gas.
  • 15. What is the primary factor that determines a planet's surface temperature?
A) The balance between incoming and outgoing energy.
B) The total volume of nitrogen in the atmosphere.
C) The number of monatomic gases present.
D) The rate of solar rotation.
  • 16. What would the Earth's average surface temperature be without greenhouse gases?
A) 15 °C
B) -18 °C
C) 2 °C
D) 0 °C
  • 17. What is the present average surface temperature of Earth?
A) 0 °C
B) 25 °C
C) -18 °C
D) 15 °C
  • 18. Which gas is the most abundant in Earth's atmosphere among the greenhouse gases?
A) Water vapor
B) Nitrous oxide
C) Methane
D) Carbon dioxide
  • 19. What percentage of the greenhouse effect is caused by water vapor?
A) About half
B) About 90 percent
C) About 10 percent
D) About three-quarters
  • 20. By what percentage have human activities increased carbon dioxide levels since 1750?
A) Over 50%
B) 10%
C) 150%
D) 25%
  • 21. By what percentage have human activities increased methane levels since 1750?
A) 200%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 150%
  • 22. What is the primary cause of carbon dioxide emissions by humans?
A) Burning of fossil fuels
B) Agriculture
C) Waste production
D) Deforestation
  • 23. How long does methane typically last in the atmosphere?
A) Thousands of years
B) 12 years
C) 100 years
D) 6 months
  • 24. What is the current annual level of greenhouse gas emissions (CO2e) mentioned?
A) 15.2 Gt
B) 100.5 Gt
C) 25.8 Gt
D) 53.6 Gt
  • 25. Which of the following is considered a greenhouse gas of concern?
A) Nitrogen
B) Oxygen
C) Argon
D) SF6
  • 26. What fraction of global warming is attributed to carbon dioxide emissions?
A) Three-quarters
B) One-half
C) One-tenth
D) All of it
  • 27. What gas has a cooling effect in the stratosphere but a warming effect in the troposphere?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Tropospheric ozone
C) Methane
D) Nitrous oxide
  • 28. What is the approximate residence time of water vapor in the atmosphere?
A) One year
B) 56 days
C) 200 years
D) Nine days
  • 29. What determines the amount of water vapor present per unit volume at elevated temperatures?
A) Clausius–Clapeyron relation
B) Atmospheric chemistry
C) IPCC-recommended expressions
D) Radiative forcing models
  • 30. What is the maximum mass percentage of water vapor in saturated air at 32 °C?
A) 67%
B) 3%
C) 0.01%
D) 41%
  • 31. How many times stronger is the direct radiative effect of methane compared to carbon dioxide over a 20-year time frame?
A) 84 times
B) 56 times
C) 37 times
D) 420 times
  • 32. Between 1958 and 2014, by how much did CO2 concentrations increase?
A) 37 ppm
B) 90 ppm
C) 30 ppm
D) 420 ppm
  • 33. Which of the following is excluded from the list of well-mixed greenhouse gases due to strong variation?
A) CFCs
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Mineral dust
D) Nitrous oxide
  • 34. What is the term for anthropogenic changes to the natural greenhouse effect?
A) Radiative transfer
B) Enhanced greenhouse effect
C) Water vapor feedback
D) Industrial atmospheric forcing
  • 35. What refers to the time required to restore equilibrium following a concentration change?
A) Atmospheric lifetime
B) Airborne fraction
C) Emission threshold
D) Source variability
  • 36. Which gas is noted as having a highly variable lifetime that cannot be expressed as a single number?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Water vapor
C) Nitrous oxide
D) Methane
  • 37. What percentage of the airborne fraction of carbon dioxide lasts for centuries to millennia?
A) 80%
B) 10%
C) 30%
D) 50%
  • 38. In some models, what is the largest percentage estimate for the longest-lasting fraction of CO2?
A) 10%
B) 50%
C) 80%
D) 30%
  • 39. What is the reference year for radiative forcing levels in the AGGI?
A) 2000
B) 1850
C) 1750
D) 1990
  • 40. How is the uncertainty level of the AGGI described?
A) Undefined
B) Very low
C) Moderate
D) Very high
  • 41. Which of these is used for measuring CO2?
A) Radiometry
B) Tachometry
C) Spectroscopy
D) Manometry
  • 42. What is the primary method by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere?
A) Volcanic activity
B) Photosynthesis
C) Industrial filtration
D) Solar radiation
  • 43. What substance is formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water?
A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Nitric acid
C) Sulfuric acid
D) Carbonic acid
  • 44. Which of these is a greenhouse gas with no natural sources?
A) Methane
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Synthetic halocarbons
D) Nitrous oxide
  • 45. What percentage of total agricultural methane do rice paddies contribute?
A) 5%
B) 33%
C) 22%
D) 11%
  • 46. What percentage of nitrous oxide emissions do rice paddies contribute?
A) 5%
B) 40%
C) 11%
D) 22%
  • 47. During which period were greenhouse gas concentrations roughly constant?
A) The last decade
B) The industrial era
C) The 21st century
D) Pre-industrial Holocene
  • 48. Besides fossil fuel burning, what is another human-made source of carbon dioxide mentioned?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Ocean acidification
C) Rainfall
D) Cement manufacturing
  • 49. How does carbon dioxide react with water?
A) Turns into oxygen
B) Forms carbonic acid
C) Solidifies into ice
D) Evaporates immediately
  • 50. Where is carbon sequestered when using biochar?
A) Cloud droplets
B) Geologic formations
C) Deep oceans
D) Soil
  • 51. Which gas is also being studied for atmospheric removal besides carbon dioxide?
A) Nitrogen
B) Oxygen
C) Methane
D) Argon
  • 52. Which of these gases does not absorb infrared radiation?
A) CO2
B) N2
C) Water vapor
D) Poly-atomic gaseous molecules
  • 53. Who first applied the term 'greenhouse' to the atmospheric phenomenon in 1901?
A) Svante Arrhenius
B) Nils Gustaf Ekholm
C) Charles Keeling
D) John Tyndall
  • 54. Which planet is described as having the 'ultimate end state' of a runaway greenhouse effect?
A) Jupiter
B) Venus
C) Titan
D) Mars
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