- 1. Throughout history, there have been numerous fascinating discoveries in the field of medicine that have revolutionized healthcare as we know it. From the discovery of antibiotics by Alexander Fleming in 1928, to the development of vaccines for diseases like smallpox and polio, these breakthroughs have saved countless lives and improved public health worldwide. Other remarkable discoveries include the use of anesthesia in surgery, the mapping of the human genome, and the invention of medical imaging techniques like X-rays and MRIs. These advances in medical science continue to push the boundaries of what is possible, offering hope for the future of healthcare and the treatment of diseases.
Who is credited with the discovery of penicillin in 1928?
A) Paul Langerhans
B) Alexander Fleming
C) George Papanicolaou
D) Joseph Lister
- 2. Which 19th-century Austrian doctor is known as the 'father of modern psychoanalysis'?
A) Louis Pasteur
B) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C) Wilhelm Roentgen
D) Sigmund Freud
- 3. The discovery of the structure of DNA is attributed to which scientists?
A) Marie Curie and Pierre Curie
B) James Watson and Francis Crick
C) Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr
D) Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
- 4. Who developed the first successful polio vaccine in 1955?
A) Howard Florey
B) Edward Jenner
C) Jonas Salk
D) Charles Drew
- 5. Who is known for introducing the concept of antiseptic surgery in the 19th century?
A) Robert Koch
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Joseph Lister
D) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
- 6. The discovery of insulin as a treatment for diabetes is credited to whom?
A) Carlos Finlay
B) Walter Reed
C) Ronald Ross
D) Frederick Banting and Charles Best
- 7. Which scientist is known for discovering the circulation of blood in the human body?
A) Louis Pasteur
B) Robert Koch
C) Niels Bohr
D) William Harvey
- 8. Who developed the first successful smallpox vaccine in the 18th century?
A) Edward Jenner
B) Ignaz Semmelweis
C) Paul Langerhans
D) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
- 9. The identification of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the cause of AIDS was made by which researchers?
A) Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur
B) Luc Montagnier and Robert Gallo
C) Wilhelm Roentgen and Emil von Behring
D) Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin
- 10. Who is credited with the development of the first successful heart transplant in 1967?
A) Werner Forssmann
B) James D. Watson
C) Christiaan Barnard
D) Barry Marshall
- 11. The discovery of the role of Helicobacter pylori in causing peptic ulcers was made by which researchers?
A) Marie Curie and Pierre Curie
B) Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin
C) Jonas Salk and Edward Jenner
D) Barry Marshall and Robin Warren
- 12. Who discovered the anesthetic properties of chloroform in the mid-19th century?
A) Ignaz Semmelweis
B) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C) James Young Simpson
D) Robert Koch
- 13. The discovery of the function of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism was made by which scientists?
A) Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
B) Charles Best and Frederick Banting
C) Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg
D) William Harvey and Gabriel Fallopius
- 14. The discovery of the first antibiotic, sulfonamide, is credited to which German chemist?
A) Gerhard Domagk
B) Ehrlich Paul
C) Walter Reed
D) Alexander Fleming
- 15. Who performed the first successful human-to-human kidney transplant in 1954?
A) Joseph Murray
B) Christiaan Barnard
C) Barry Marshall
D) Werner Forssmann
- 16. The discovery of serotonin as a neurotransmitter is attributed to which Italian neuroscientist?
A) Josef Breuer
B) Thomas Willis
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) Vittorio Erspamer
- 17. The discovery of the human genome project, mapping all genes in human DNA, was completed in which year?
A) 2003
B) 1995
C) 1987
D) 2010
- 18. Who discovered the link between smoking and lung cancer in the 20th century?
A) Joseph Lister
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Richard Doll and Bradford Hill
D) Gregor Mendel
- 19. Who discovered the antibiotic streptomycin in the mid-20th century?
A) Robert Koch
B) Selman Waksman
C) Ignaz Semmelweis
D) Barry Marshall
- 20. The discovery of the Higgs boson particle in the field of medical physics was made in which year?
A) 2012
B) 1998
C) 2005
D) 2018
- 21. What medical breakthrough did Wilhelm Roentgen make?
A) Development of anesthesia
B) Discovery of X-rays
C) Identification of DNA structure
D) Invention of the stethoscope
- 22. What did Joseph Lister introduce to surgery that revolutionized healthcare?
A) Cosmetic surgery
B) Antiseptic surgery
C) Plastic surgery
D) Laparoscopic surgery
- 23. Who was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine?
A) Marie Curie
B) Gerty Cori
C) Rosalind Franklin
D) Grace Hopper
- 24. What did Rene Laennec invent that became an essential tool for diagnosing lung conditions?
A) EKG machine
B) MRI scanner
C) Sphygmomanometer
D) Stethoscope
- 25. Who discovered the role of handwashing in preventing infections in hospitals?
A) William Harvey
B) Jonas Salk
C) Joseph Lister
D) Ignaz Semmelweis
- 26. In what year was the X-ray discovered?
A) 1895
B) 1920
C) 1905
D) 1876
- 27. Which scientist discovered the concept of blood types?
A) Karl Landsteiner
B) William Harvey
C) Francis Crick
D) Gregor Mendel
- 28. What was the first successful organ transplant?
A) Liver
B) Kidney
C) Heart
D) Lung
- 29. Which disease was eradicated through a worldwide vaccination campaign?
A) Polio
B) Tuberculosis
C) Measles
D) Smallpox
- 30. What device did Christian Barnard use in the first successful heart transplant surgery?
A) Heart-lung machine
B) Stethoscope
C) Pacemaker
D) Defibrillator
- 31. Who discovered the vaccine for rabies?
A) Alexander Fleming
B) Marie Curie
C) Joseph Lister
D) Louis Pasteur
- 32. What is the common name for Acetylsalicylic Acid, which was developed by Bayer in 1897?
A) Paracetamol
B) Aspirin
C) Morphine
D) Ibuprofen
- 33. When was the first successful human kidney transplant performed?
A) 1965
B) 1954
C) 1978
D) 1940
- 34. What was the first antibiotic discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming?
A) Streptomycin
B) Tetracycline
C) Penicillin
D) Neomycin
- 35. Which scientist is known for the discovery of capillary action in plants, known as Halesian physiology?
A) Stephen Hales
B) Alexander Fleming
C) Gregor Mendel
D) James Watson
- 36. What is the condition characterized by the body attacking its own cells or tissues, resulting in inflammation and damage?
A) Cancer
B) Heart disease
C) Autoimmune disease
D) Diabetes
- 37. What vaccine did Jonas Salk develop in 1955?
A) MMR vaccine
B) Flu vaccine
C) Hepatitis B vaccine
D) Polio vaccine
- 38. Who was the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States in 1849?
A) Rosalind Franklin
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Marie Curie
D) Elizabeth Blackwell
- 39. In 1900, who discovered the insect-based transmission of malaria?
A) Alexander Fleming
B) Ronald Ross
C) Gerty Cori
D) Walter Reed
- 40. Who discovered the first effective treatment for syphilis in the early 20th century?
A) Louis Pasteur
B) Wilhelm Roentgen
C) Paul Ehrlich
D) Jonas Salk
- 41. Which scientist is known for pioneering research on radioactivity in the early 20th century?
A) Gerty Cori
B) Rosalind Franklin
C) Marie Curie
D) Louis Pasteur
- 42. Who discovered the hepatitis B virus and developed a vaccine for it?
A) Jonas Salk
B) Edward Jenner
C) Frederick Banting
D) Baruch Blumberg
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