IRREGULAR_CLJ
  • 1. Which agency is primarily responsible for maintaining peace and order and ensuring public safety in the Philippines?
A) PDEA
B) PNP
C) NBI
D) BFP
  • 2. The agency tasked with investigating major crimes and serving as the National Bureau of Investigation in the Philippines is:
A) BJMP
B) PDEA
C) BFP
D) NBI
  • 3. The prosecutor`s main duty in the criminal justice system is to:
A) Conduct preliminary investigations and prosecute offenders
B) Investigate fire-related incidents
C) Defend the accused in criminal cases
D) Guard prisoners in correctional facilities
  • 4. Which of the following correctly describes the hierarchy of courts in the Philippines from lowest to highest?
A) Court of Appeals - Municipal Trial Court - Regional Trial Court - Supreme Court
B) Municipal Trial Court - Regional Trial Court - Supreme Court
C) Regional Trial Court - Municipal Trial Court - Court of Appelas - Supreme Court
D) Supreme Court - Court of Appeals - Regional Trial Court - Municipal Trial Court
  • 5. Which correctional agency is responsible for the safekeeping and rehabilitation of national prisoners (sentenced to more than 3 years)?
A) NBI
B) PNP
C) BuCor
D) BJMP
  • 6. The principle of due process of law ensures that:
A) Only the rich can access fair trials
B) Every person is given an opportunity to be heard and defend themselves before judgement
C) Law enforcement can arrest without warrants in all cases
D) The government can punish anyone without legal procedures
  • 7. Which situation violates the right against unreasonable search and seizure?
A) Police conduct a search with a valid warrant issued by a judge
B) Customs officers inspect luggage at the airport
C) A person consents to a bag inspection at a security checkpoint
D) Police enter a house without a warrant and without consent to look for evidence
  • 8. Which of the following rights must be read to a suspect before custodial interrogation under the Constitution?
A) Right to bail regardless of the offense
B) Right to remain at home during investigation
C) Right to refuse all kinds of police questioning
D) Right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel
  • 9. Which of the following is NOT protected under the the right to privacy and freedom of speech?
A) Sharing opinions online about political issues
B) Posting false and malicious statements that damage another person`s reputation
C) Expressing religious publicly
D) Criticizing government policies peacefully
  • 10. Which judicial remedy is filed to protect a person whose right to life, liberty, or security is threatened or violated by unlawful acts of authorities?
A) Writ of Amparo
B) Writ of Mandamus
C) Writ of Prohibition
D) Writ of Habeas Corpus
  • 11. Which of the following best describes the characteristic of criminal law that means it cannot be applied retroactively unless it is favorable to the accused?
A) Generality
B) Extraterritoriality
C) Prospectivity
D) Territoriality
  • 12. A felony is committed with dolo when:
A) The act is done without consent
B) The act is performed with deliberate intent
C) The act is done by accident
D) The act is performed through negligence
  • 13. When a person commits two or more crimes by a single act, such as killing and robber, it is known as:
A) Complex crime
B) Impossible crime
C) Continuing crime
D) Frustrated felony
  • 14. Who among the following is considered a principal by direct participation?
A) A person who assists in hiding the body of the victim after the crime
B) A person who helps in planning but not executing the crime
C) A person who takes direct part in the execution of the criminal act
D) A person cooperates in the execution of a crime by another without taking direct part in it
  • 15. When two or more persons agree to commit a felony and decide to commit it, it is called:
A) Conspiracy
B) Provocation
C) Proposal
D) Instigation
  • 16. A proposal to commit a felony exists when:
A) One person proposes to another the execution of a felony but the other does not agree
B) Two or more persons agree and decide to commit a felony
C) The offender already begins executing does not agree
D) One person decides to commit a felony without informing others
  • 17. A person who, after the commission of a crime, helps the offender escape arrest without prior promise is a/an:
A) Accomplice
B) Instigator
C) Accessory
D) Principal
  • 18. The felony is consummated when:
A) The offender performs all acts necessary for its accomplishment and the felony is produced
B) The offender desists voluntarily before performing all acts of execution
C) The offender performs all acts of execution but does not accomplish the felony
D) The offender has commenced the commission of a felony directly by overt acts
  • 19. A crime is considered grave when:
A) The penalty is death, reclusion perpetua, or reclusion temporal
B) The penalty is arresto menor or destierro
C) The penalty is fine only
D) The penalty is imprisonment of less than 6 months
  • 20. When the offender performs all acts of execution which would produce the felony as a consequence but the crime is not produced by reasons independent of his will, the felony is:
A) Frustrated
B) Consummated
C) Attempted
D) Impossible
  • 21. Which of the following is a justifying circumstance under Article 11 of the Revised Penal Code?
A) M(below 15 years old)inority
B) Defense of one`s self or rights
C) Lack of intent to commit so grave a wrong
D) Insanity
  • 22. A person who commits a crime while asleep and unconscious is:
A) Criminally liable as an accomplice
B) Exempt from criminal liability
C) Criminally liable as a principal
D) Liable as an accessory
  • 23. When an offender commits a crime in the dwelling of the offended party, it is considered:
A) Justifying circumstance
B) Alternative circumstance
C) Mitigating circumstance
D) Aggravating circumstance
  • 24. When a husband surprises his wife in the act of adultery and kills one of them in the act, it is:
A) Exempting circumstance
B) Justifying circumstance
C) Mitigating circumstance due to passion or obfuscation
D) Aggravating circumstance
  • 25. The relationship between the offended party and the offender, such as being spouses or relatives, is considered:
A) Alternative circumstance
B) Mitigating circumstance
C) Exempting circumstance
D) Justifying circumstance
  • 26. Under Article 89 of the Revised Penal Code, which of the following extinguishes criminal liability?
A) Filling of an appeal
B) Escaped of the accused
C) Amnesty granted by the government
D) Delay of trial
  • 27. The death of the offender before final judgment has what effect on his criminal liability?
A) It suspends the criminal liability
B) It extinguishes only civil liability
C) It transfers liability to the heirs
D) It totally extinguishes criminal and civil liability
  • 28. When a convicted person completes the service of his sentence, what happens to his criminal liability?
A) It is transferred to another jurisdiction
B) It is suspended until review
C) It is reduced but not removed
D) It becomes extinguished
  • 29. Which of the following is a mode of partial extinction of criminal liability?
A) Death of the offender
B) Service of sentence
C) Conditional pardon
D) Prescription of crime
  • 30. Which of the following is a mitigating circumstance?
A) The offender took advantage of public position
B) The offender committed the crime with evident premeditation
C) The crime is committed at nighttime to facilitate its commission
D) The offender is below 18 years old but above 15 and acted with discernment
  • 31. Which of the following is a qualifying circumtance that elevates homicide to murder?
A) Relationship between the offender and victim
B) Lack of intent to kill
C) Treachery or evident premeditation
D) Absence of weapon used
  • 32. Which of the following best defines the crime homicide under the Revised Penal Code?
A) Killing by means of poison
B) Killing of another person without qualifying circumstances
C) Killing of ones parent
D) Killing with cruelty
  • 33. A kills his biological mother intentionally. What crime has committed?
A) infanticide
B) Murder
C) Parricide
D) Homicide
  • 34. Which of the following is a qualifying circumstance that elevates homicide to murder?
A) Treachery or evident premeditation
B) Relationship between the offender and victim
C) Lack of intent to kill
D) Absence of weapon used
  • 35. Which of the following best defines the crime of homicide under the Revised Penal Code?
A) Killing by means of poison
B) Killing of one's parent
C) Killing of another person without qualifying circumstances
D) Killing with cruelty
  • 36. A kills his biological mother intentionally. What crime has he committed?
A) Murder
B) Parricide
C) Homicide
D) Infanticide
  • 37. What crime is committed when a newly born child less than three days old is killed by his own mother to conceal her dishonor?
A) Parricide
B) Murder
C) Abortion
D) Infanticide
  • 38. Under Article 266-A of the Revised Penal Code, rape is committed when?
A) Both parties agreed to sexual intercourse
B) The victim is over 18 and married
C) A man has carnal knowledge of a woman through force, threat, or intimidation
D) There is consent and the woman is of legal age
  • 39. Which of the following is an element of serious physical injuries under Article 263?
A) The injury requires no medical attention
B) The injury causes death
C) The injury heals immediately
D) The injury incapacitates the victim for more than 30 days
  • 40. If the victim is incapacitated for work for less than 10 days, what crime is committed?
A) Attempted homicide
B) Slight physical injuries
C) Less serious physical injuries
D) Serious physical injuries
  • 41. A person fires his gun at another without intent to kill but with intent to intimidate. What crime is committed?
A) Alarm and scandal
B) Reckless imprudence
C) Illegal discharge of firearm
D) Attempted homicide
  • 42. What distinguishes theft from robbery under the Revised
    Penal Code?
A) Both involve taking property with intent to gain
B) Robbery requires that the property be of high value
C) Robbery is committed with violence or intimidation; theft is not
D) Theft is committed only by strangers
  • 43. A group of armed men roams the highway to rob passengers of their valuables. What crime is committed?
A) Brigandage
B) Estafa
C) Qualified theft
D) Robbery in band
  • 44. Which of the following best defines estafa?
A) Defrauding another by abuse of confidence or deceit
B) Taking property without violence
C) Damaging property with intent to annoy
D) Using force to steal from another
  • 45. A person deliberately destroys another person's car windshield out of anger. What crime has been committed?
A) Robbery
B) Grave Threats
C) Malicious Mischief
D) Estafa
  • 46. A private individual forcibly detains another person for three days without legal grounds. What crime is committed?
A) Grave coercion
B) Light coercion
C) Serious illegal detention
D) Unlawful arrest
  • 47. A person forces another to sign a document against his will through intimidation. What crime is committed?
A) Estafa
B) Grave threats
C) Grave coercion
D) Unlawful arrest
  • 48. Under Article 267 of the Revised Penal Code, which of the following best defines arbitrary detention?
A) Arresting a suspect under a valid warrant
B) Detaining a person by a public officer without legal grounds
C) Detaining a person without lawful cause by a private individual
D) Detaining a person to secure testimony
  • 49. What is the main distinction between piracy under the RPC (Art. 122) and piracy under PD
    532?
A) RPC piracy applies only to foreign vessels, while PD 532 applies to all vessels, including those within Philippine waters.
B) PD 532 covers only government vessels.
C) RPC covers both air and land piracy, while PD 532 covers only sea piracy.
D) RPC piracy applies to ships in ports, not in high seas.
  • 50. A police officer detained a person overnight for questioning even without a complaint or warrant. What crime did he commit?
A) Illegal search
B) Arbitrary detention
C) Delay in the delivery of detained persons to judicial authorities
D) Unlawful arrest
  • 51. A jail guard allowed a prisoner to temporarily leave the jail to attend a personal affair in exchange for money. What felony did he commit?
A) Direct bribery
B) Infidelity in the custody of prisoners through connivance
C) Infidelity in the custody of documents
D) Malversation of funds
  • 52. If you were to design a training module for law enforcers, what key preventive measure would you emphasize to avoid committing violation of domicile during operations?
A) Enter residences only with a valid warrant
B) Conduct search operations anytime for faster results.
C) Enter homes if the suspect is known to live there, even without a warrant.
D) Allow entry as long as the officer is in uniform.
  • 53. Which of the following best defines slander by deed under the Revised Penal Code?
A) An oral statement attacking a person's character.
B) A malicious rumor intended to cause shame.
C) False accusation that harms another's reputation through writing.
D) A defamatory act done in public to cause dishonor, discredit, or contempt.
  • 54. How does intriguing against honor differ from slander by deed?
A) Intriguing against honor is by act, while slander by deed is by speech.
B) Intriguing against honor consists of maliciously spreading rumors to harm another's reputation, while slander by deed is a physical act that causes dishonor.
C) Intriguing against honor involves spreading gossip; slander by deed involves written insult.
D) There is no difference; both are oral defamation.
  • 55. A man slaps his wife's alleged lover in front of a crowd to shame him. What crime is committed?
A) Intriguing against honor
B) Slander by deed
C) Simple slander
D) Direct assault
  • 56. In adultery and concubinage, what key difference exists in terms of the offended party's role?
A) In adultery, only the husband can file a case; in concubinage, anyone can.
B) Both require public complaint, but adultery may be filed only by the husband, and concubinage only by the wife.
C) Both crimes can be prosecuted by the State even without complaint.
D) Both require consent from the offender's parents.
  • 57. A married man secretly marries another woman while the first marriage is still valid.
    What felony is committed?
A) Illegal marriage
B) Bigamy
C) Concubinage
D) Adultery
  • 58. If tasked to draft a policy recommendation to reduce crimes against chastity, which measure best supports prevention?
A) Increase imprisonment for women offenders.
B) Promote awareness of marital rights and responsibilities.
C) Encourage private settlements to avoid shame.
D) Decriminalize all adultery and concubinage cases.
  • 59. Which of the following is a punishable act under the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act (RA
    9208 as amended by RA 10364)?
A) Hiring a worker with a valid work permit
B) Sending domestic helpers abroad through legal agencies
C) Recruiting persons for lawful employment abroad
D) Recruiting, transporting, or harboring persons through coercion for exploitation or prostitution
  • 60. Under the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 (RA 11479), which act constitutes terrorism?
A) Armed rebellion by military officers
B) Criticizing the government on social media
C) Acts intended to cause death or serious injury to persons to intimidate the public or government
D) Peaceful protest without violence
  • 61. A fraternity conducts an initiation rite where a neophyte suffers serious injuries due to paddling. What crime is committed under RA 11053 (Anti-Hazing Law of 2018)?
A) Physical injuries only
B) Hazing resulting in serious physical injuries
C) Frustrated homicide
D) Grave coercion
  • 62. Which of the following situations violates the Safe Spaces Act (RA 11313)?
A) A man catcalls a woman walking on the street.
B) A teacher scolds a student for cheating.
C) A police officer directs traffic in a public area.
D) A store owner posts a sale announcement.
  • 63. Among the following laws, which best protects women and children from sexual exploitation and human trafficking?
A) RA 11479 - Anti-Terrorism Act
B) RA 11313 - Safe Spaces Act
C) RA 11053 - Anti-Hazing Law
D) RA 10364 - Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act
  • 64. Which of the following is considered real (physical) evidence used to identify a suspect?
A) A witness describing the suspect's face
B) A fingerprint lifted from the crime scene
C) The accused posting a confession online
D) A video footage showing the suspect committing the crime
  • 65. Testimonial identity evidence refers to:
A) Weapons recovered during the investigation
B) DNA samples gathered from the victim
C) Fingerprints matched in a database
D) Statements from a witness who saw the suspect
  • 66. Which of the following is classified as documentary evidence in a criminal case?
A) Knife left by the suspect
B) Eyewitness pointing at the accused
C) CCTV footage of the incident
D) Signed contract presented in court
  • 67. What type of evidence involves information given by a witness through speech or written statement?
A) Real or physical evidence
B) Demonstrative evidence
C) Circumstantial evidence
D) Testimonial evidence
  • 68. For evidence to be admissible, it must be relevant and______.
A) Based on personal beliefs
B) Material and competent
C) Accepted by the witness
D) Obtained from a private source
  • 69. Which evidence is considered inadmissible because it was obtained illegally?
A) Evidence gathered through warrantless and unjustified search
B) Evidence with proper search warrant
C) Evidence voluntarily given by suspect
D) Evidence authenticated by expert witness
  • 70. The rule that ensures only legally obtained evidence is admitted in court is known as the ____.
A) Res Gestae Rule
B) Exclusionary Rule
C) Hearsay Rule
D) Best Evidence Rule
  • 71. Evidence must be directly connected to the issue being tried. This requirement refers to _____.
A) Materiality
B) Relevance
C) Judicial Notice
D) Best Evidence
  • 72. Which type of evidence must be authenticated to prove it is what it claims to be before it is admitted?
A) Judicially noticed facts
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 73. If evidence was altered or tampered with, it may be excluded because it violates which rule?
A) Chain of custody
B) Opinion rule
C) Parol evidence
D) Hearsay rule
  • 74. When should a party formally offer evidence during a criminal trial for it to be admitted?
A) Anytime during arraignment
B) After a witness has testified or when the evidence is identified
C) Immediately after the pre-trial
D) Only after the judgment is issued
  • 75. What is the proper immediate action of the opposing counsel if they believe the evidence being offered violates a rule of admissibility?
A) Write a letter to the judge later
B) File a motion after the case is finished
C) Make a timely objection stating specific legal grounds
D) Ignore it and argue in closing statements
  • 76. Before a documentary evidence can be admitted in court, what must first be established?
A) That it came from a government agency only
B) That it has been posted online
C) Its authenticity and relevance
D) The popularity of the person who wrote it
  • 77. What rule requires the original document to be produced in court when the content of the document is being questioned?
A) Parol Evidence Rule
B) Hearsay Rule
C) Exclusionary Rule
D) Best Evidence Rule
  • 78. Evidence is considered sufficient when it ____.
A) Creates suspicion that a crime may have been committed
B) Produces moral certainty of the accused's guilt beyond reasonable doubt
C) Is presented by multiple witnesses regardless of credibility
D) Is based entirely on hearsay
  • 79. What standard of proof is required in criminal cases to establish sufficiency of evidence for conviction?
A) Substantial evidence
B) Mere preponderance of evidence
C) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
D) Clear and convincing evidence
  • 80. Which court has exclusive original jurisdiction over all criminal cases not falling within the jurisdiction of any other court, tribunal, or body?
A) Regional Trial Court (RTC)
B) Court of Appeals
C) Sandiganbayan
D) Municipal Trial Court (MTC)
  • 81. A barangay captain is charged with malversation of public funds in relation to his position. Which court has jurisdiction over the case?
A) Court of Appeals
B) Sandiganbayan
C) Municipal Trial Court
D) Regional Trial Court
  • 82. A person is charged with theft where the value of the property stolen is P18,000. The offense was committed in a municipality where no Metropolitan Trial Court exists. Which court has jurisdiction?
A) Sandiganbayan
B) Regional Trial Court
C) Court of Appeals
D) Municipal Trial Court
  • 83. Which of the following best defines criminal procedure?
A) It refers to the set of rules governing evidence in administrative cases.
B) It is the law that defines crimes and prescribes penalties.
C) It determines the jurisdiction of courts in civil cases.
D) It governs the steps or process by which a person accused of a crime is investigated, prosecuted, tried, and punished.
  • 84. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of criminal procedure?
A) To ensure the protection of the rights of the accused.
B) To determine what acts constitute crimes and their penalties.
C) To promote fair and speedy administration of justice.
D) To establish an orderly method for prosecuting offenders.
  • 85. Which of the following is a fundamental right of the accused during trial under Rule 115 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure?
A) The right to decide what evidence the prosecution may present.
B) The right to set the schedule of hearings.
C) The right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel.
D) The right to choose the judge who will try his case.
  • 86. An accused demands that the prosecution present all its evidence before he is arraigned.
    Can the demand be granted?
A) No, because it violates the right to speedy trial.
B) Yes, because the accused has the right to confront the witnesses against him.
C) No, because arraignment must precede the presentation of evidence.
D) Yes, if the accused waives his right to counsel.
  • 87. During trial, the defense counsel was absent and the court proceeded to receive evidence for the prosecution without assigning a public attorney. What right of the accused was violated?
A) Right to preliminary investigation
B) Right against self-incrimination
C) Right against double jeopardy
D) Right to due process of law
  • 88. Which of the following is a valid warrantless arrest under Rule 113, Section 5 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure?
A) Arrest made one day after the crime, based on witness description.
B) Arrest made when the suspect was caught in the act of committing a crime.
C) Arrest based on a tip from an anonymous informant.
D) Arrest made during a random checkpoint without probable cause.
  • 89. Which of the following violates the rule on lawful search and seizure?
A) Search incident to a lawful arrest.
B) Search conducted in a private home without a warrant or consent.
C) Search conducted in a private home without a warrant or consent.
D) Search made with a valid warrant issued by a competent court.
  • 90. When may a search warrant be lawfully issued?
A) When the suspect has a prior criminal record.
B) When a person refuses to submit to a checkpoint search.
C) When the police officer suspects that a crime is about to be committed.
D) When there is probable cause personally determined by the judge after examination under oath of the complainant and witnesses.
  • 91. Police officers, without a warrant, entered the house of a suspect after receiving information from an anonymous tip that illegal drugs were being sold inside. They conducted a search and found shabu in plain view on a table. As a criminologist, evaluate the legality of the search and seizure.
A) The search is invalid because there was no valid warrant or lawful arrest.
B) The search is valid since there was probable cause based on the anonymous tip.
C) The search is valid because the drugs were found in plain view.
D) The search is valid because the police acted in good faith.
  • 92. When is a preliminary investigation required before the filing of a criminal complaint or information?
A) When the penalty prescribed is at least 4 years and 2 months imprisonment, regardless of fine.
B) When the case is filed directly before the Municipal Trial Court.
C) When the accused is caught in the act of committing the offense.
D) When the complainant demands it.
  • 93. An accused was arrested without a warrant for committing a crime in flagrante delicto.
    What proceeding must be conducted before filing the case in court?
A) Trial proper
B) Preliminary investigation
C) Arraignment
D) Inquest proceeding
  • 94. Which of the following cases must first pass through the Barangay Justice System before being filed in court?
A) A criminal case punishable by imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or fine not exceeding P5,000, and both parties reside in the same city or municipality.
B) A crime involving government employees acting in their official capacity.
C) A case involving offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua.
D) A case where one party is a corporation.
  • 95. If the parties in a barangay dispute fail to reach an amicable settlement, what must the Punong Barangay or Lupon Secretary issue before the case can be filed in court?
A) Certification to File Action
B) Certificate of Appearance
C) Certificate of Compliance
D) Certificate of Non-Participation
  • 96. Juan was arrested for a non-bailable offense. He insists on applying for bail. As a criminologist, what is the proper procedure?
A) The court must conduct a hearing to determine whether evidence of guilt is strong.
B) Bail shall automatically be granted if he files an application.
C) The prosecutor can decide whether to grant bail.
D) The police officer may approve the bail application.
  • 97. During arraignment, the accused refused to enter a plea. What should the court do?
A) Enter a plea of "not guilty" for the accused.
B) Dismiss the case automatically.
C) Consider the accused as having pleaded guilty.
D) Postpone the arraignment until the accused agrees to plead.
  • 98. During pre-trial, both parties agreed to a stipulation of facts and marking of evidence.
    What is the main purpose of this stage?
A) To simplify and expedite the trial by identifying issues and evidence.
B) To allow the prosecution to amend the information.
C) To determine the guilt or innocence of the accused.
D) To record the plea of the accused.
  • 99. During trial, the accused moved for dismissal after the prosecution rested its case, claiming that the evidence was insufficient. What motion is proper?
A) Motion to quash
B) Motion for reconsideration
C) Motion for new trial
D) Demurrer to evidence
  • 100. A 10-year-old child witness is being cross-examined by the defense. The child begins to cry and cannot continue. What should the court do under the Rule on Examination of a Child Witness (A.M. No.
    004-07-SC)?
A) Continue the questioning until the child answers.
B) Allow the child to rest and resume later in a child-friendly environment.
C) Disallow further questioning to protect the accused's rights.
D) Dismiss the child as incompetent to testify.
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