Angkor I - Exam
  • 1. Who founded Angkor I?
A) Suryavarman II
B) Jayavarman VII
C) Jayavarman II
D) Indravarman I
  • 2. What is the main temple in Angkor I called?
A) Bakong
B) Ta Prohm
C) Bayon
D) Angkor Wat
  • 3. Which famous city is near Angkor I?
A) Hanoi
B) Phnom Penh
C) Siem Reap
D) Ho Chi Minh City
  • 4. Who discovered Angkor I in the 19th century?
A) Henri Mouhot
B) Vasco da Gama
C) Marco Polo
D) Christopher Columbus
  • 5. What is the meaning of the term 'Angkor'?
A) River
B) Mountain
C) City
D) Temple
  • 6. What is the main material used to build Angkor I temples?
A) Limestone
B) Granite
C) Sandstone
D) Marble
  • 7. What is the capital of Cambodia?
A) Phnom Penh
B) Kuala Lumpur
C) Singapore
D) Bangkok
  • 8. What kind of structure is Angkor Wat?
A) Library
B) Palace
C) Temple
D) Fortress
  • 9. What is the original meaning of the name 'Angkor'?
A) 'Capital city', derived directly from Sanskrit
B) 'Religious site', referring specifically to Hindu temples
C) 'Temple complex', related to Angkor Wat
D) 'Kingdom', derived from the Khmer word nokor
  • 10. Which religion was dominant in the ancient Khmer Empire?
A) Shaivism
B) Vaishnavism
C) Buddhism
D) Hinduism
  • 11. What is Angkor Wat primarily known as today?
A) The largest pre-industrial city in the world by surface area
B) One of Cambodia's major tourist attractions
C) The location where Jayavarman II declared himself a 'god-king'
D) A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1992
  • 12. What was Angkor considered to be due to its water management network?
A) 'Architectural marvel'
B) 'Agricultural center'
C) 'Religious hub'
D) 'Hydraulic city'
  • 13. Which temple was completed around 921 and named after the foster mother of Lord Krishna?
A) Ta Prohm
B) Angkor Wat
C) Yasodharapura
D) Bayon Temple
  • 14. What event led to Angkor's population migrating south to Longvek?
A) Angkor being declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992
B) The declaration of Jayavarman II as a 'god-king'
C) The 1431 sacking of Angkor by Ayutthaya
D) The construction of Angkor Wat
  • 15. What was the estimated population range that the agricultural systems in the Angkor area might have supported?
A) Between 750,000 and 1,000,000 people
B) Over two million people annually as visitors
C) Less than 100,000 people
D) About 500,000 people
  • 16. What was Angkor's fate after falling under Ayutthayan suzerainty in 1351?
A) It was preserved as a religious site without any conflict
B) It became the capital of the Ayutthaya Kingdom
C) It expanded its territory significantly
D) It eventually faced sacking by Ayutthaya in 1431, leading to a population migration
  • 17. What is one of the challenges faced in conserving Angkor?
A) Lack of interest from tourists
B) Absence of any historical records
C) Problems in trying to preserve the site for future generations
D) Complete destruction of all temples
  • 18. How many visitors approach Angkor annually?
A) Two million
B) Over five million
C) Less than one million
D) Exactly one thousand
  • 19. When did the transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age occur at Angkor?
A) 300 AD
B) 500 AD
C) 1000 BC
D) 420 BC
  • 20. Which temple complex in Angkor had remains of iron development?
A) Ta Prohm
B) Preah Khan
C) Bayon
D) Angkor Wat
  • 21. Which mountain was near the quarry used for stone in Angkor's construction?
A) Kulen Mountain
B) Mount Everest
C) Mount Fuji
D) Phnom Penh
  • 22. What does the outer wall of Angkor Wat represent?
A) Rivers surrounding a kingdom
B) Mountains enclosing the world
C) Deserts around a city
D) The walls of a palace
  • 23. What was one primary use of roads and canals in Angkor?
A) Military defense
B) Transportation or trade
C) Religious ceremonies
D) Agricultural storage
  • 24. How were nearby sites connected to Angkor?
A) Main roads
B) Footpaths
C) Many were connected with rivers
D) Telegraph lines
  • 25. What was one hypothesized benefit of roads and canals in Angkor?
A) Helping with contact among other empires
B) Serving as marketplaces
C) Facilitating religious pilgrimages
D) Providing shelter during storms
  • 26. How did roads in Angkor expand?
A) Due to religious mandates
B) As the economy grew
C) With advancements in technology
D) In response to population decline
  • 27. What did LiDAR reveal about cities after the decline of Angkor?
A) They were sparsely populated
B) They developed advanced technology
C) They became major trade hubs
D) They expanded significantly
  • 28. In which year did Jayavarman II declare himself 'universal monarch'?
A) 789 AD
B) 802 AD
C) 800 AD
D) 810 AD
  • 29. Which scholar connected Angkor's decline with the conversion to Theravada Buddhism?
A) Jayavarman VII
B) Suryavarman II
C) Zhou Daguan
D) George Coedès
  • 30. What replaced cultist statues of Buddha during the Hindu restoration?
A) Statues of Vishnu
B) Images of Brahma
C) Stupas
D) Lingams
  • 31. What was the epithet taken by Jayavarman II linking him to the cult of Siva?
A) Chakravartin
B) "god-king" (devaraja)
C) Universal monarch
D) Lion-man
  • 32. What was King Jayavarman VIII's religious affiliation?
A) Buddhist
B) Jain
C) Vaishnavite
D) Shaivite iconoclast
  • 33. Which temple served as the geographic and spiritual center of Angkor Thom?
A) Angkor Wat
B) Bayon
C) Phimeanakas
D) Preah Khan
  • 34. What religion did Jayavarman VII adopt as his personal faith, leading to significant changes in Angkorian temples?
A) Theravada Buddhism
B) Mahayana Buddhism
C) Islam
D) Hinduism
  • 35. In what year did the official capital move to Oudong?
A) 1500
B) 1618
C) 1865
D) 1431
  • 36. What is the meaning of the prefix 'Jaya' derived from Sanskrit?
A) Victory
B) Shield
C) God
D) Temple
  • 37. Which religion became the dominant faith in the Khmer kingdom from the 14th century?
A) Hinduism
B) Islam
C) Theravada Buddhism
D) Mahayana Buddhism
  • 38. What was the name of the central lingam erected by Indravarman I?
A) Suryadesvara
B) Indresvara
C) Hariharaesvara
D) Vishnusvara
  • 39. Which term refers to an 'open space' or 'wide plain' in Khmer architecture?
A) Baray
B) Prasat
C) Wat
D) Gopura
  • 40. What type of buildings in Angkorian times were made with perishable materials?
A) Government offices
B) Religious edifices
C) Marketplaces
D) Non-religious buildings
  • 41. Who celebrated the Khmer New Year in Angkor Wat in 1632?
A) Henri Mouhot
B) Ukondafu Kazufusa
C) António da Madalena
D) Anna Leonowens
  • 42. Which ancient city is noted as the nearest in size to Angkor before the Industrial Revolution?
A) Rome
B) Athens
C) Babylon
D) Tikal
  • 43. When did Western tourism to Angkor begin?
A) 1990s
B) 1970s
C) 1980s
D) 1960s
  • 44. How many people were required to service the Ta Prohm temple complex?
A) 12,640
B) 5,000
C) 50,000
D) 20,000
  • 45. How many major temples or buildings are found within the Angkor area?
A) Around 72
B) 30
C) 50
D) 100
  • 46. During whose reign did Zhou Daguan visit Angkor?
A) Yasovarman I
B) Jayavarman VII
C) Suryavarman II
D) Indravarman III
  • 47. How many new archaeological sites have been discovered by UNESCO at Angkor?
A) Dozens
B) Tens
C) Thousands
D) Hundreds
  • 48. Which mountain was represented by an elevated temple in the Khmer Empire?
A) Mount Everest
B) Phnom Kulen
C) Kailash Mountain
D) Mount Meru
  • 49. What does the name 'Ta Prohm' mean?
A) Sacred sword
B) Victory of Indra
C) Protected by Surya, the sun-god
D) Ancestor Brahma
  • 50. How did Zhou Daguan refer to the Shaivites in his writings?
A) Buddhists
B) Brahmans
C) Hindus
D) Taoists
  • 51. What is the meaning of the Khmer word 'Thom'?
A) City
B) Temple
C) Large
D) Fortress
  • 52. What was the divine component of the royal personality cult during King Jayavarman VII's reign?
A) Shiva
B) Vishnu
C) Brahma
D) The bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara
  • 53. What agency is responsible for overseeing the management of Angkor?
A) APSARA.
B) World Monuments Fund.
C) UNESCO.
D) Cambodian Ministry of Tourism.
  • 54. Who was the first recorded European visitor to Angkor Wat?
A) Anna Leonowens in 1865
B) António da Madalena, a 16th-century Portuguese friar
C) Henri Mouhot in 1860
D) Louis Delaporte
  • 55. Which natural disaster is NOT mentioned as a potential cause of Angkor's decline?
A) Extreme flooding
B) Volcanic eruptions
C) Earthquakes
D) Bubonic Plague
  • 56. What was the approximate size of Angkor at its peak compared to modern cities?
A) Greater than modern Paris
B) Larger than London
C) Comparable to Tokyo
D) Similar to New York City
  • 57. What material were the images of Buddha made from, as observed by Zhou Daguan?
A) Bronze
B) Stone
C) Wood
D) Gilded plaster
  • 58. What title did Suryavarman II use to identify with Vishnu?
A) "Indresvara"
B) "Hariharaesvara"
C) "Devaraja"
D) "Paramavishnuloka"
  • 59. What is the meaning of the Sanskrit term 'Esvara' or 'Isvara'?
A) Victory
B) God
C) Shield
D) King
  • 60. Which organization directed the restoration work at Angkor from 1907 to 1970?
A) World Monuments Fund
B) École française d'Extrême-Orient
C) UNESCO
D) APSARA Authority
  • 61. What was the primary role of Brahmans according to Zhou Daguan's observations?
A) Priests
B) High officials
C) Monks
D) Artisans
  • 62. Which deity is associated with Shaivism at Angkor?
A) Shiva
B) Indra
C) Vishnu
D) Brahma
  • 63. In which century did Japanese settlements appear at Angkor?
A) 18th century
B) 19th century
C) 16th century
D) 17th century
  • 64. In the face towers of the Bayon, King Jayavarman VII represented himself as which bodhisattva?
A) Vajrapani
B) Avalokiteshvara
C) Manjushri
D) Maitreya
  • 65. During which season does excessive pumping of groundwater occur at Angkor?
A) The rainy season.
B) The harvest season.
C) The dry season.
D) The monsoon season.
  • 66. What did Zhou Daguan describe as part of a royal procession in his account?
A) A chariot race with the king
B) A dance performance by courtiers
C) The sovereign standing on an elephant, holding his sacred sword
D) A parade of elephants carrying treasures
  • 67. What does the Khmer word 'Srei' mean when derived from Sanskrit strī?
A) Shield
B) Victory
C) Woman
D) Beauty, splendor, or glory
  • 68. Who was the Chinese diplomat that visited Angkor in 1296 and wrote about his observations?
A) Fa Xian
B) Zhou Daguan
C) Marco Polo
D) Ibn Battuta
  • 69. What color robes did the Theravada Buddhist monks wear according to Zhou Daguan?
A) Blue
B) Yellow
C) White
D) Red
  • 70. What material was used for the king's residence in Angkorian times?
A) Brick
B) Wood
C) Metal
D) Stone
  • 71. What organization has been working on conserving Angkor since 1992?
A) International Council on Monuments and Sites
B) UNESCO
C) Cambodian Government
D) World Heritage Committee
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