Angkor I - Exam
  • 1. Who founded Angkor I?
A) Suryavarman II
B) Jayavarman VII
C) Jayavarman II
D) Indravarman I
  • 2. What is the main temple in Angkor I called?
A) Bayon
B) Angkor Wat
C) Ta Prohm
D) Bakong
  • 3. Which famous city is near Angkor I?
A) Siem Reap
B) Hanoi
C) Phnom Penh
D) Ho Chi Minh City
  • 4. Who discovered Angkor I in the 19th century?
A) Vasco da Gama
B) Henri Mouhot
C) Christopher Columbus
D) Marco Polo
  • 5. What is the meaning of the term 'Angkor'?
A) River
B) City
C) Temple
D) Mountain
  • 6. What is the main material used to build Angkor I temples?
A) Sandstone
B) Granite
C) Marble
D) Limestone
  • 7. What is the capital of Cambodia?
A) Phnom Penh
B) Bangkok
C) Kuala Lumpur
D) Singapore
  • 8. What kind of structure is Angkor Wat?
A) Palace
B) Library
C) Fortress
D) Temple
  • 9. What is the original meaning of the name 'Angkor'?
A) 'Temple complex', related to Angkor Wat
B) 'Kingdom', derived from the Khmer word nokor
C) 'Religious site', referring specifically to Hindu temples
D) 'Capital city', derived directly from Sanskrit
  • 10. Which religion was dominant in the ancient Khmer Empire?
A) Shaivism
B) Hinduism
C) Buddhism
D) Vaishnavism
  • 11. What is Angkor Wat primarily known as today?
A) The largest pre-industrial city in the world by surface area
B) The location where Jayavarman II declared himself a 'god-king'
C) A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1992
D) One of Cambodia's major tourist attractions
  • 12. What was Angkor considered to be due to its water management network?
A) 'Agricultural center'
B) 'Religious hub'
C) 'Architectural marvel'
D) 'Hydraulic city'
  • 13. Which temple was completed around 921 and named after the foster mother of Lord Krishna?
A) Bayon Temple
B) Angkor Wat
C) Yasodharapura
D) Ta Prohm
  • 14. What event led to Angkor's population migrating south to Longvek?
A) The declaration of Jayavarman II as a 'god-king'
B) The 1431 sacking of Angkor by Ayutthaya
C) Angkor being declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992
D) The construction of Angkor Wat
  • 15. What was the estimated population range that the agricultural systems in the Angkor area might have supported?
A) About 500,000 people
B) Over two million people annually as visitors
C) Less than 100,000 people
D) Between 750,000 and 1,000,000 people
  • 16. What was Angkor's fate after falling under Ayutthayan suzerainty in 1351?
A) It expanded its territory significantly
B) It was preserved as a religious site without any conflict
C) It became the capital of the Ayutthaya Kingdom
D) It eventually faced sacking by Ayutthaya in 1431, leading to a population migration
  • 17. What is one of the challenges faced in conserving Angkor?
A) Problems in trying to preserve the site for future generations
B) Lack of interest from tourists
C) Complete destruction of all temples
D) Absence of any historical records
  • 18. How many visitors approach Angkor annually?
A) Two million
B) Exactly one thousand
C) Less than one million
D) Over five million
  • 19. When did the transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age occur at Angkor?
A) 420 BC
B) 500 AD
C) 1000 BC
D) 300 AD
  • 20. Which temple complex in Angkor had remains of iron development?
A) Bayon
B) Preah Khan
C) Angkor Wat
D) Ta Prohm
  • 21. Which mountain was near the quarry used for stone in Angkor's construction?
A) Mount Everest
B) Phnom Penh
C) Kulen Mountain
D) Mount Fuji
  • 22. What does the outer wall of Angkor Wat represent?
A) Deserts around a city
B) The walls of a palace
C) Mountains enclosing the world
D) Rivers surrounding a kingdom
  • 23. What was one primary use of roads and canals in Angkor?
A) Military defense
B) Transportation or trade
C) Agricultural storage
D) Religious ceremonies
  • 24. How were nearby sites connected to Angkor?
A) Telegraph lines
B) Main roads
C) Footpaths
D) Many were connected with rivers
  • 25. What was one hypothesized benefit of roads and canals in Angkor?
A) Facilitating religious pilgrimages
B) Helping with contact among other empires
C) Serving as marketplaces
D) Providing shelter during storms
  • 26. How did roads in Angkor expand?
A) Due to religious mandates
B) With advancements in technology
C) As the economy grew
D) In response to population decline
  • 27. What did LiDAR reveal about cities after the decline of Angkor?
A) They were sparsely populated
B) They expanded significantly
C) They became major trade hubs
D) They developed advanced technology
  • 28. In which year did Jayavarman II declare himself 'universal monarch'?
A) 800 AD
B) 810 AD
C) 802 AD
D) 789 AD
  • 29. What was the epithet taken by Jayavarman II linking him to the cult of Siva?
A) Lion-man
B) Chakravartin
C) Universal monarch
D) "god-king" (devaraja)
  • 30. Which mountain was represented by an elevated temple in the Khmer Empire?
A) Kailash Mountain
B) Phnom Kulen
C) Mount Everest
D) Mount Meru
  • 31. How many major temples or buildings are found within the Angkor area?
A) Around 72
B) 30
C) 100
D) 50
  • 32. Which ancient city is noted as the nearest in size to Angkor before the Industrial Revolution?
A) Athens
B) Tikal
C) Babylon
D) Rome
  • 33. What was the approximate size of Angkor at its peak compared to modern cities?
A) Comparable to Tokyo
B) Larger than London
C) Similar to New York City
D) Greater than modern Paris
  • 34. Which temple served as the geographic and spiritual center of Angkor Thom?
A) Angkor Wat
B) Bayon
C) Preah Khan
D) Phimeanakas
  • 35. What religion did Jayavarman VII adopt as his personal faith, leading to significant changes in Angkorian temples?
A) Mahayana Buddhism
B) Islam
C) Hinduism
D) Theravada Buddhism
  • 36. Who was the Chinese diplomat that visited Angkor in 1296 and wrote about his observations?
A) Marco Polo
B) Fa Xian
C) Ibn Battuta
D) Zhou Daguan
  • 37. During whose reign did Zhou Daguan visit Angkor?
A) Jayavarman VII
B) Suryavarman II
C) Indravarman III
D) Yasovarman I
  • 38. What did Zhou Daguan describe as part of a royal procession in his account?
A) A chariot race with the king
B) A parade of elephants carrying treasures
C) The sovereign standing on an elephant, holding his sacred sword
D) A dance performance by courtiers
  • 39. Which religion became the dominant faith in the Khmer kingdom from the 14th century?
A) Mahayana Buddhism
B) Islam
C) Hinduism
D) Theravada Buddhism
  • 40. In what year did the official capital move to Oudong?
A) 1865
B) 1500
C) 1618
D) 1431
  • 41. Which scholar connected Angkor's decline with the conversion to Theravada Buddhism?
A) Jayavarman VII
B) Suryavarman II
C) George Coedès
D) Zhou Daguan
  • 42. How many people were required to service the Ta Prohm temple complex?
A) 50,000
B) 5,000
C) 20,000
D) 12,640
  • 43. Which natural disaster is NOT mentioned as a potential cause of Angkor's decline?
A) Volcanic eruptions
B) Extreme flooding
C) Bubonic Plague
D) Earthquakes
  • 44. Who was the first recorded European visitor to Angkor Wat?
A) Louis Delaporte
B) António da Madalena, a 16th-century Portuguese friar
C) Henri Mouhot in 1860
D) Anna Leonowens in 1865
  • 45. In which century did Japanese settlements appear at Angkor?
A) 16th century
B) 19th century
C) 18th century
D) 17th century
  • 46. Who celebrated the Khmer New Year in Angkor Wat in 1632?
A) Henri Mouhot
B) António da Madalena
C) Anna Leonowens
D) Ukondafu Kazufusa
  • 47. Which organization directed the restoration work at Angkor from 1907 to 1970?
A) UNESCO
B) École française d'Extrême-Orient
C) APSARA Authority
D) World Monuments Fund
  • 48. During which season does excessive pumping of groundwater occur at Angkor?
A) The dry season.
B) The monsoon season.
C) The rainy season.
D) The harvest season.
  • 49. What agency is responsible for overseeing the management of Angkor?
A) APSARA.
B) UNESCO.
C) World Monuments Fund.
D) Cambodian Ministry of Tourism.
  • 50. When did Western tourism to Angkor begin?
A) 1960s
B) 1980s
C) 1990s
D) 1970s
  • 51. What organization has been working on conserving Angkor since 1992?
A) World Heritage Committee
B) Cambodian Government
C) International Council on Monuments and Sites
D) UNESCO
  • 52. How many new archaeological sites have been discovered by UNESCO at Angkor?
A) Dozens
B) Tens
C) Thousands
D) Hundreds
  • 53. What type of buildings in Angkorian times were made with perishable materials?
A) Government offices
B) Religious edifices
C) Non-religious buildings
D) Marketplaces
  • 54. What material was used for the king's residence in Angkorian times?
A) Brick
B) Metal
C) Stone
D) Wood
  • 55. Which deity is associated with Shaivism at Angkor?
A) Shiva
B) Indra
C) Vishnu
D) Brahma
  • 56. What was the name of the central lingam erected by Indravarman I?
A) Vishnusvara
B) Indresvara
C) Hariharaesvara
D) Suryadesvara
  • 57. What title did Suryavarman II use to identify with Vishnu?
A) "Devaraja"
B) "Indresvara"
C) "Hariharaesvara"
D) "Paramavishnuloka"
  • 58. In the face towers of the Bayon, King Jayavarman VII represented himself as which bodhisattva?
A) Manjushri
B) Vajrapani
C) Avalokiteshvara
D) Maitreya
  • 59. What was the divine component of the royal personality cult during King Jayavarman VII's reign?
A) The bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara
B) Vishnu
C) Shiva
D) Brahma
  • 60. What was King Jayavarman VIII's religious affiliation?
A) Jain
B) Buddhist
C) Shaivite iconoclast
D) Vaishnavite
  • 61. What replaced cultist statues of Buddha during the Hindu restoration?
A) Statues of Vishnu
B) Images of Brahma
C) Stupas
D) Lingams
  • 62. What color robes did the Theravada Buddhist monks wear according to Zhou Daguan?
A) White
B) Blue
C) Red
D) Yellow
  • 63. What material were the images of Buddha made from, as observed by Zhou Daguan?
A) Bronze
B) Gilded plaster
C) Wood
D) Stone
  • 64. How did Zhou Daguan refer to the Shaivites in his writings?
A) Taoists
B) Hindus
C) Buddhists
D) Brahmans
  • 65. What was the primary role of Brahmans according to Zhou Daguan's observations?
A) Monks
B) Artisans
C) High officials
D) Priests
  • 66. What is the meaning of the Sanskrit term 'Esvara' or 'Isvara'?
A) King
B) Victory
C) Shield
D) God
  • 67. What is the meaning of the prefix 'Jaya' derived from Sanskrit?
A) Victory
B) Shield
C) God
D) Temple
  • 68. What does the Khmer word 'Srei' mean when derived from Sanskrit strī?
A) Victory
B) Beauty, splendor, or glory
C) Shield
D) Woman
  • 69. What is the meaning of the Khmer word 'Thom'?
A) City
B) Fortress
C) Large
D) Temple
  • 70. What does the name 'Ta Prohm' mean?
A) Victory of Indra
B) Sacred sword
C) Protected by Surya, the sun-god
D) Ancestor Brahma
  • 71. Which term refers to an 'open space' or 'wide plain' in Khmer architecture?
A) Wat
B) Baray
C) Prasat
D) Gopura
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