- 1. The Kingdom of Romania during the interwar period, spanning from the end of World War I in 1918 to the onset of World War II in 1939, was characterized by a complex tapestry of political, social, and economic changes that marked its evolution from a newly unified state to a prominent player in Eastern Europe. Following the 1918 union of Transylvania with the Romanian Kingdom, which brought significant territorial expansion, the country faced the challenge of integrating diverse ethnic groups, including Hungarians, Saxons, and Romani, amidst rising nationalist sentiments. The interwar years were marked by political instability, with a fluctuating parliamentary democracy and frequent changes in government. The rise of various political movements, including the far-right Iron Guard and the Communist Party, reflected the growing unrest and socio-economic challenges, such as agrarian distress and urban labor strikes. King Ferdinand I's progressive reforms aimed to modernize the agricultural sector and promote national unity, yet the struggles with economic crisis and the influence of foreign powers like France and neighboring Hungary created a tumultuous political landscape. The decade of the 1930s saw Romania shifting towards authoritarianism under King Carol II, who imposed a royal dictatorship in an attempt to stabilize the country amid rising geopolitical tensions in Europe, which ultimately set the stage for Romania's entry into World War II. The interwar period remains a crucial chapter in Romanian history, embodying the struggles of a nation grappling with its identity, governance, and role in a rapidly changing European context.
What was the name of the period of authoritarian rule established by King Carol II?
A) Fascist Regime
B) People's Republic
C) Royal Dictatorship
D) Communist Rule
- 2. Which major event in Europe in 1929 significantly impacted Romania?
A) Italian Invasion
B) Russian Revolution
C) World War I
D) Great Depression
- 3. The Iron Guard was associated with which ideology?
A) Socialism
B) Fascism
C) Communism
D) Liberalism
- 4. Who succeeded King Ferdinand I after his death in 1927?
A) King Carol II
B) King Michael I
C) King Charles I
D) King Charles II
- 5. What year marked the start of the Royal Dictatorship in Romania?
A) 1935
B) 1938
C) 1945
D) 1940
- 6. Which city became the capital of Romania in 1862?
A) Bucharest
B) Cluj-Napoca
C) Iasi
D) Timisoara
- 7. What was the 1923 Constitution known for?
A) Granting absolute monarchy
B) Abolishing all parties
C) Establishing civil rights
D) Enforcing strict censorship
- 8. What natural resource was particularly significant to Romania’s economy?
A) Gold
B) Uranium
C) Oil
D) Coal
- 9. What was the impact of land reforms in interwar Romania?
A) Creation of new cities
B) Extension of aristocratic estates
C) Consolidation of land ownership
D) Redistribution of land to peasants
- 10. The Romanian economy during the interwar period was largely reliant on which sector?
A) Agriculture
B) Technology
C) Manufacturing
D) Services
- 11. In what year did King Carol II abdicate?
A) 1945
B) 1940
C) 1939
D) 1938
- 12. Who was the notable fascist leader in Romania during the interwar period?
A) Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
B) Ion Antonescu
C) Nicolae Ceausescu
D) Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
- 13. What was Romania’s stance at the beginning of World War II?
A) Involved
B) Pro-Allied
C) Pro-Axis
D) Neutral
- 14. Which organization aimed to unite Romanian territories in the interwar period?
A) Romania Mare
B) Little Romania
C) Romanian Union
D) Greater Romania
- 15. When did Romania officially become a kingdom?
A) 1900
B) 1918
C) 1881
D) 1866
- 16. What was the popular nationalist sentiment in Romania during interwar years?
A) Irredentism
B) Pan-Slavism
C) Internationalism
D) Globalism
- 17. The Treaty of Trianon (1920) affected Romania’s borders with which country?
A) Bulgaria
B) Hungary
C) Ukraine
D) Serbia
- 18. What significant treaty recognized Romania's borders post-World War I?
A) Treaty of Trianon
B) Treaty of Bucharest
C) Treaty of Versailles
D) Treaty of Saint-Germain
- 19. Which event marked the end of the interwar period in Romania?
A) The Great Depression
B) The rise of communism
C) The abdication of Carol II
D) World War II
- 20. In 1941, Romania allied with Nazi Germany to attack which country?
A) Poland
B) Finland
C) Soviet Union
D) Hungary
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