- 1. Materials science and engineering is a multidisciplinary field that focuses on the study of materials and their properties. It involves exploring the relationship between the structure of materials at the atomic or molecular level and their macroscopic properties. This field plays a crucial role in developing new materials with enhanced properties, such as strength, flexibility, conductivity, and corrosion resistance. Materials scientists and engineers work with a wide range of materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites, to design and create materials for various applications, such as electronics, construction, transportation, and healthcare. They use a combination of experimental techniques, theoretical modeling, and computational tools to understand and manipulate the properties of materials, leading to innovations in technology and industry.
What is the process of solidifying a material known as?
A) Evaporation
B) Solidification
C) Condensation
D) Liquefaction
- 2. What is the process of changing a material's properties through controlled heating and cooling called?
A) Coating
B) Heat treatment
C) Surface treatment
D) Chemical treatment
- 3. What property of a material determines its ability to resist scratching or abrasion?
A) Ductility
B) Toughness
C) Hardness
D) Elasticity
- 4. What is the phenomenon where a material under repetitive loading fails at a stress level well below the ultimate tensile strength?
A) Hardening
B) Fatigue
C) Brittleness
D) Creep
- 5. What type of material displays significant plastic deformation before fracture?
A) Elastoplastic material
B) Ductile material
C) Brittle material
D) Compliant material
- 6. What property of a material measures its ability to absorb energy before fracture?
A) Strength
B) Toughness
C) Elasticity
D) Hardness
- 7. What type of bonding is present in metals?
A) Hydrogen
B) Covalent
C) Metallic
D) Ionic
- 8. What is the phenomenon where a material is permanently deformed due to low-stress and high-temperature conditions?
A) Hardening
B) Fatigue
C) Brittleness
D) Creep
- 9. What is the term used to describe the internal resistance of a material to flow when subjected to an external force?
A) Elasticity
B) Viscosity
C) Toughness
D) Ductility
- 10. Which of the following is not considered a critical property for biomaterials used in medical implants?
A) Degradation resistance
B) Mechanical strength
C) Conductivity
D) Biocompatibility
- 11. What is the primary concept of materials science and engineering?
A) Designing only aesthetic products
B) Understanding the properties of materials and their applications
C) Focusing on theoretical physics
D) Studying only the history of materials
- 12. Which type of bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
A) Covalent bonding
B) Metallic bonding
C) Ionic bonding
D) Van der Waals bonding
- 13. Which process involves heating a material below its melting point and then cooling it for the purpose of modifying its properties?
A) Annealing
B) Forging
C) Quenching
D) Tempering
- 14. What is the process of coating a metal with zinc to prevent corrosion called?
A) Case hardening
B) Galvanization
C) Bluing
D) Anodizing
- 15. Which material property describes the ability of a material to deform plastically before fracturing?
A) Elasticity
B) Ductility
C) Toughness
D) Hardness
- 16. Which type of material undergoes a phase change from solid directly to gas?
A) Condensation
B) Deposition
C) Sublimation
D) Fusion
- 17. Which type of wear occurs when two surfaces slide against each other in the same direction?
A) Erosive wear
B) Adhesive wear
C) Fatigue wear
D) Abrasive wear
- 18. Which material is known for its high thermal and electrical conductivity?
A) Diamond
B) Tungsten
C) Copper
D) Silicon
- 19. What is the term for the phenomenon where a material becomes harder and stronger through plastic deformation?
A) Work hardening
B) Quenching
C) Annealing
D) Tempering
- 20. Which material has the highest modulus of elasticity?
A) Steel
B) Aluminum
C) Diamond
D) Rubber
- 21. What is the process called when atoms diffuse through a solid in response to a concentration gradient?
A) Corrosion
B) Hardening
C) Oxidation
D) Diffusion
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