 - 1. What phenomenon became a common feature in urbanized and industrialized societies after the Second World War?
A) Industrial collapse
B) Cultural rebellion
C) Mass emigration
D) Economic depression
- 2. What did governments seek to improve for their citizens during the ideological competition of the Cold War?
A) Agricultural output
B) Material standards of living
C) Religious devotion
D) Military training
- 3. What did young people feel that led them to assert their individuality, freedom, and authenticity?
A) Extreme physical exhaustion
B) Overwhelming gratitude
C) A deep sense of patriotism
D) A sense of alienation
- 4. Which journalist coined the phrase 'Me Decade' to describe the 1960s?
A) Tom Wolfe
B) J. Edgar Hoover
C) Albert Hoffmann
D) Todd Gitlin
E) Timothy Leary
- 5. By what time had elements of the counterculture already entered public consciousness on both sides of the Atlantic?
A) Late 1970s
B) Early 1960s
C) Late 1950s
D) Early 1970s
- 6. Who acknowledged that the 'most important problem of our epoch' was the empty materialism and superficiality of modern life?
A) Yuri Andropov
B) Leonid Brezhnev
C) Joseph Stalin
D) Konrad Adenauer
- 7. What was the name of the official Soviet youth periodical that called for attention to contemporary young people's psychology?
A) Izvestia
B) Komsomol'skaia pravda
C) Pravda
D) Trud
- 8. By what year was counterculture considered a serious threat by authorities?
A) 1972
B) 1960
C) 1968
D) 1963
- 9. Which U.S. agency reported to the President that counterculture was a highly disruptive force?
A) Federal Bureau of Investigation
B) Department of Defense
C) National Security Agency
D) Central Intelligence Agency
- 10. Who was the long-time director of the FBI who suspected students' protests were instigated by Communists?
A) Tom Wolfe
B) J. Edgar Hoover
C) Yuri Andropov
D) Konrad Adenauer
- 11. What did the CIA subsequently find regarding the suspicion of foreign subversion in student protests?
A) Soviet financial records
B) No evidence
C) Direct Chinese involvement
D) Conclusive proof
- 12. Which KGB director became paranoid about internal security regarding counterculture?
A) Joseph Stalin
B) Leonid Brezhnev
C) Nikita Khrushchev
D) Yuri Andropov
- 13. Under which General Secretary did the KGB amplify its efforts to suppress politically dissident voices?
A) Leonid Brezhnev
B) Joseph Stalin
C) Vladimir Lenin
D) Mikhail Gorbachev
- 14. How did hindsight prove the CIA's assessments of the youth movements?
A) Entirely accurate
B) Understated
C) Overly pessimistic
D) Dangerously naive
- 15. What phrase best describes the nature of the youth movements according to the text?
A) A silent revolution
B) An unstoppable force
C) A bark worse than their bite
D) A violent insurrection
- 16. Did the proponents of counterculture demand the complete destruction of society?
A) Only in the Soviet Union
B) Yes
C) No
D) Only in the United States
- 17. Where did the loudest and most visible participants of counterculture often come from?
A) Working-class families
B) Impoverished urban areas
C) Privileged backgrounds
D) Rural farming communities
- 18. What was a characteristic feature of the privileged background of visible counterculture participants?
A) Mandatory military service
B) Unheard-of access to higher education
C) Severe economic hardship
D) Early entry into factory labor
- 19. Which of the following was NOT a drug included in the counterculture's pharmacopeia?
A) Penicillin
B) Magic mushrooms
C) Amphetamines
D) Marijuana
- 20. What was the common name for amphetamines mentioned in the text?
A) Purple hearts
B) White lightning
C) Red devils
D) Blue angels
- 21. What was the most notorious substance associated with the counterculture?
A) Cocaine
B) Heroin
C) Ecstasy
D) Acid
- 22. What is the chemical name for 'acid' mentioned in the text?
A) Methamphetamine hydrochloride
B) Tetrahydrocannabinol
C) Lysergic acid diethylamide
D) Dimethyltryptamine
- 23. In what year was LSD synthesized?
A) 1938
B) 1952
C) 1945
D) 1968
- 24. Who synthesized LSD in his quest to cure migraine?
A) Albert Hoffmann
B) Tom Wolfe
C) Allen Ginsberg
D) Timothy Leary
- 25. Who promoted the use of LSD as a psychedelic drug in the 1960s?
A) Timothy Leary
B) Albert Hoffmann
C) J. Edgar Hoover
D) Konrad Adenauer
- 26. What event made LSD even more popular in 1966?
A) A presidential executive order
B) A major scientific endorsement
C) Attempts to ban it
D) Its inclusion in medical textbooks
- 27. Which cultural icon of the late 1960s was known for using LSD?
A) Konrad Adenauer
B) Leonid Brezhnev
C) Allen Ginsberg
D) Tom Wolfe
- 28. What did conservative students object to during the 1960s?
A) Technological advancement
B) The counterculture
C) Capitalism
D) Higher education
- 29. Which book was read by conservative students to celebrate their ideals?
A) A Study of Communism
B) The Me Decade
C) Das Kapital
D) The Communist Manifesto
- 30. Which student organization did conservative students join?
A) Students for a Democratic Society
B) College Republicans
C) Young Socialist Alliance
D) Komsomol
- 31. What kind of events did conservative students organize to reinforce gender norms?
A) Anti-war protests
B) Communist rallies
C) Psychedelic happenings
D) Greek events
- 32. How do historians view the influence of countercultural movements in American politics and society?
A) They view it as entirely insignificant
B) They disagree over it
C) They agree it destroyed the nation
D) They completely ignore it
- 33. How does sociologist Todd Gitlin describe the countercultural movement?
A) Deeply spiritual
B) Altruistic
C) Self-indulgent
D) Pragmatic
- 34. According to Todd Gitlin, the countercultural movement was childish, irrational, narcissistic, and what else?
A) Dangerous
B) Visionary
C) Beneficial
D) Enlightening
- 35. What is a possible outcome of the countercultural movement suggested at the end of the text?
A) Establishing a socialist utopia
B) Permanently abolishing higher education
C) Overthrowing Western governments
D) Creating new marketing segments for the 'hip' crowd
- 36. Which demographic cohort precedes baby boomers?
A) Millennials
B) Generation Z
C) Generation X
D) Silent Generation
- 37. Which demographic cohort follows baby boomers?
A) Baby boomers
B) Silent Generation
C) Greatest Generation
D) Generation X
- 38. The baby boom was a population increase that followed the end of which conflict?
A) The Vietnam War
B) World War II
C) World War I
D) The Cold War
- 39. Most boomers are typically the parents of which generations?
A) Generation Alpha only
B) The Greatest Generation only
C) Silent Generation and Baby Boomers
D) Generation X, Millennials, and older Generation Z
- 40. What type of environment did many Western boomers grow up expecting?
A) Total isolation from technological progress
B) Permanent global warfare
C) Economic prosperity and the world improving with time
D) Constant economic collapse and societal ruin
- 41. What is another name for younger US boomers who came of age during the malaise years?
A) The Silent Generation
B) The Greatest Generation
C) Generation Jones
D) Leading-edge boomers
- 42. What policy were baby boomers in China subjected to as adults?
A) One-child policy
B) No-marriage policy
C) Two-child policy
D) Three-child policy
- 43. In the United States, what is the age demographic that remains larger than baby boomers?
A) Silent Generation
B) Generation X
C) Millennials
D) Generation Z
- 44. Which reporter described the post-World War II population increase as a 'boom' in a May 4, 1951, column?
A) Leslie J. Nason
B) Sylvia F. Porter
C) David Foot
D) Landon Jones
- 45. What was the population increase percentage in the U.S. from the 1940 census to the 1950 census cited by Sylvia F. Porter?
A) 10.0%
B) 5.5%
C) 14.5%
D) 20.5%
- 46. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, when did the modern meaning of 'baby boomer' date to?
A) December 31, 1980
B) May 4, 1951
C) January 23, 1970
D) January 1, 1960
- 47. Which publication featured the January 23, 1970, article cited by the Oxford English Dictionary?
A) The Washington Post
B) New York Post
C) Daily Press
D) The Times
- 48. Which book did Landon Jones publish in 1980 regarding the baby boom generation?
A) Boom, Bust and Echo
B) Le Fabuleux Destin des Baby-Boomers
C) Great Expectations: America and the Baby Boom Generation
D) Les Baby-Boomers: Une génération
- 49. Who wrote the 1997 book 'Boom, Bust and Echo: Profiting from the Demographic Shift in the 21st Century'?
A) David Foot
B) Doug Owram
C) Bernard Salt
D) Neil Howe
- 50. Who wrote the 2019 book 'Le Fabuleux Destin des Baby-Boomers'?
A) Doug Owram
B) Jean-François Sirinelli
C) Michèle Delaunay
D) David Foot
- 51. Who wrote the study 'Les Baby-Boomers: Une génération 1945-1969'?
A) Michèle Delaunay
B) Jean-François Sirinelli
C) Bernard Salt
D) Landon Jones
- 52. According to the Office for National Statistics, how many baby booms did the UK have in the middle of the 20th century?
A) Four
B) Two
C) One
D) Three
- 53. Where does Bernard Salt place the Australian baby boom?
A) Between 1945 and 1969
B) Between 1947 and 1966
C) Between 1946 and 1961
D) Between 1943 and 1960
- 54. What are individuals born between 1946 and 1955 in the US often called?
A) Generation Jones
B) Trailing-edge boomers
C) Leading-edge boomers
D) Millennials
- 55. Which historical eras did leading-edge US boomers come of age during?
A) Great Depression and World War II
B) Vietnam War and Civil Rights eras
C) Cultural Revolution and one-child policy
D) Watergate scandal and 1970s economic struggles
- 56. Approximately how many people belong to the leading-edge boomer cohort in the U.S.?
A) 38,002,000
B) 37,818,000
C) 19,161,229
D) 400,000
- 57. Roughly what fraction of baby boomer men served in the military in the U.S.?
A) 1 in 4
B) 1 in 2
C) 1 in 20
D) 1 in 10
- 58. Approximately how many people belong to the Generation Jones cohort in the U.S.?
A) 400,000
B) 19,161,229
C) 37,818,000
D) 38,002,000
- 59. Which country has the largest baby-boom cohort in the world?
A) Taiwan
B) Japan
C) South Korea
D) China
- 60. Who referred to many Chinese neighborhoods as being disproportionately filled with the elderly?
A) The National Development Council
B) The Chinese Communist Party
C) Howard French
D) The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
- 61. According to the National Development Council of Taiwan, when could the nation's population start shrinking?
A) 2022
B) 2040
C) 2027
D) 2034
- 62. By what year could the number of people of working age fall by 10% in Taiwan?
A) 2034
B) 2022
C) 2027
D) 2040
- 63. Which listed place transitions from an aged to a super-aged society the fastest according to the text?
A) Japan
B) Singapore
C) United States
D) Taiwan
- 64. In what year did Japan's population peak?
A) 2018
B) 2040
C) 2017
D) 2022
- 65. What percentage of Japan's population are forecast to be elderly by 2040?
A) 35%
B) 50%
C) 21%
D) 27%
- 66. By what year was Japan already a super-aged society with 27% of its people older than 65?
A) 2018
B) 2017
C) 2022
D) 2040
- 67. In which country did a baby boom occur in the aftermath of the Korean War?
A) South Korea
B) Japan
C) Taiwan
D) China
- 68. What has the South Korean government used in recent times to try to increase the national fertility rate?
A) Subsidies
B) Mandatory marriage laws
C) Compulsory labor programs
D) Tax penalties
- 69. How many years does it take France to transition from an aged to a super-aged society?
A) 14
B) 29
C) 8
D) 51
- 70. How many years does it take the United Kingdom to transition from an aged to a super-aged society?
A) 29
B) 11
C) 51
D) 14
- 71. What is the term for the shift from traditional to expressive and individualistic values that began by the 1960s?
A) The great cultural awakening
B) The second demographic transition
C) The modern ideological shift
D) The post-war sociological evolution
- 72. Where is Europe's aging population problem especially acute?
A) Southern Europe
B) Eastern Europe
C) Scandinavia
D) Western Europe
- 73. How is the aging population problem alleviated in Western Europe?
A) Government retirement incentives
B) Higher birth rates
C) Lower life expectancies
D) International immigration
- 74. What percentage of the population of the European Union were 65 or older in 2018?
A) 31.20%
B) 10.50%
C) 19.70%
D) 25.40%
- 75. What was the median age in the European Union in 2019?
A) 29
B) 43
C) 35
D) 51
- 76. According to the Pew Research Center, how many baby boomers were estimated to be in the United States as of 2019?
A) 50.2 million
B) 89.4 million
C) 71.6 million
D) 62.1 million
- 77. Which pediatrician published 'The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care' in 1946?
A) Mao Zedong
B) Lyndon B. Johnson
C) Benjamin Spock
D) David Foot
- 78. What financial assistance program did the United States offer to Western European nations after the Second World War?
A) The Great Leap Forward
B) The Marshall Plan
C) The Hart-Celler Act
D) The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
- 79. What phenomenon in the United States saw the beginning of mass development in residential areas outside cities, unlike in European democracies?
A) Suburbanization
B) High-rise centralization
C) Industrial zoning
D) Urban renewal
- 80. What was a consequence of measles vaccination in the United States besides falling childhood mortality rates?
A) Decreased immigration rates
B) Lower university tuition fees
C) Rising family income
D) A surge in housing prices
- 81. What major goal did practically all governments in the developing world pursue?
A) Compulsory military service
B) Universal higher education
C) Industrial automation
D) Universal literacy
- 82. What did James R. Flynn examine in the 1980s?
A) University enrollment numbers
B) Psychometric data
C) High school dropout statistics
D) Economic inflation rates
- 83. Which mathematical school heavily influenced educational reforms in the late 1950s?
A) Newtonian circle
B) Euclidean institute
C) Nicholas Bourbaki school
D) Pythagorean academy
- 84. Who headed the commission established in France to work out the details of mathematics education reforms?
A) James R. Flynn
B) André Lichnerowicz
C) Edward Mills Purcell
D) James B. Conant
- 85. Before World War II, the share of university-educated people was negligible in most nations except which country?
A) United Kingdom
B) France
C) The United States
D) West Germany
- 86. In South Korea, the share of the population that were university students grew from around 0.8% to what percentage between 1975 and 1983?
A) 1.5%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 3%
- 87. Who wrote the 1959 book 'The American High School Today', critiquing the status quo of education?
A) James B. Conant
B) Herbert Callen
C) Peter Turchin
D) André Lichnerowicz
- 88. According to a Life magazine report following the Sputnik launch, what proportion of American high-school students took no physics at all?
A) All of them
B) Half
C) One quarter
D) Three quarters
- 89. Which U.S. President gave direct orders for major science education reforms and increased federal funding for research?
A) Harry S. Truman
B) John F. Kennedy
C) Dwight D. Eisenhower
D) Franklin D. Roosevelt
- 90. Who authored the famous undergraduate physics textbook 'Electricity and Magnetism' as part of the Berkeley series?
A) Vladimir Arnold
B) Paul Dirac
C) Herbert Callen
D) Edward Mills Purcell
- 91. Approximately what fraction of Baby Boomers earned at least a bachelor's degree in the United States?
A) Nearly all
B) About a quarter
C) About half
D) About a tenth
- 92. What did American physicist Herbert Callen observe about industry leaders' desires versus academic directions in 1971?
A) Industry favored computer science, while universities only taught classical mechanics
B) Industry wanted more nuclear physics, but universities focused on biology
C) Industry leaders desired practical subjects like thermodynamics, but academia went toward abstract statistical mechanics
D) Industry leaders wanted pure mathematics, while schools taught vocational skills
- 93. What term did quantitative historian Peter Turchin use to describe intensifying competition among a larger number of graduates than the economy could absorb?
A) Youth stagnation
B) Demographic saturation
C) Elite overproduction
D) Academic inflation
- 94. By the mid-1970s, what percentage of Chinese children went to elementary school?
A) 25%
B) 75%
C) 96%
D) 50%
- 95. What new doll was brought to market in the United States in 1959?
A) Baby Nancy
B) Chatty Cathy
C) Betsey Wetsy
D) Barbie Millicent Roberts
- 96. Which household electronic device became available right after the Second World War and quickly became a major source of family entertainment?
A) The television set
B) The radio
C) The microwave
D) The record player
- 97. What values did top soap operas typically promote in the United Kingdom?
A) Post-war social-democratic values
B) Ultra-conservative capitalist values
C) Strict libertarian values
D) Feudal aristocratic values
- 98. Which female comic book character was accused of sexual deviancy during post-war moral panics?
A) Batgirl
B) Wonder Woman
C) Catwoman
D) Lois Lane
- 99. Whose 1954 book titled Seduction of the Innocent caused a decline in the comics industry?
A) Fredric Wertham
B) S. E. Hinton
C) J. D. Salinger
D) Michael Cart
- 100. What regulatory body was created in 1954 to curb violence in comic books?
A) The Media Censorship Bureau
B) The Federal Communications Commission
C) The Comics Code Authority
D) The National Board of Review
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