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A) Secular legal system based on democratic principles B) Legal system based on Roman law C) International law governing human rights D) Islamic law derived from the Quran and teachings of Prophet Muhammad
A) Islam B) Judaism C) Christianity D) Buddhism
A) Latin B) Chinese C) French D) Arabic
A) Fasting practice B) Analogical reasoning to derive legal rulings C) Act of charity D) Special prayer ritual
A) Religious holidays B) Legal opinions provided by Islamic scholars C) Penalties for criminal acts D) Fasting practices
A) Fasting month B) Sacred text C) Practices and teachings of Prophet Muhammad D) Annual pilgrimage
A) Interpret and provide legal opinions on Islamic law B) Military commander C) Archaeologist D) Tax collector
A) Religious pilgrimage B) Giving to charity C) Fasting during Ramadan D) Legal conformity to established rulings
A) Sacred text B) Fasting practice C) Permissible according to Islamic law D) Underground movement
A) Saudi Arabia B) Japan C) France D) United States
A) Tafsir B) Aqida C) Hadith D) Fiqh
A) Muslim prayer ritual B) Religious holiday C) Oneness of God D) Religious charity
A) Ijma B) Sunnah C) Fiqh D) Qiyas
A) Hanbali B) Shafiʽi C) Maliki D) Hanafi
A) It is used only in economic transactions. B) It refers to individual interpretation of the Quran. C) It represents consensus among the community or religious authorities. D) It is a form of punishment for non-compliance with Islamic law.
A) Divine, abstract; Classical; Historical; Contemporary sharia(s). B) Pathway, religious regulations, divine justice. C) Islamic law, historical context, modern application. D) Sufi stages, Islamic rules, legal systems.
A) Al-Farabi B) Al-Ghazali C) Saadia Gaon D) Ibn Sina
A) Kitab Allah B) Hikmah C) Sharīʿat Allāh D) Qur'an al-Azim
A) Malik ibn Anas B) Abu Hanifa C) Al-Shafi'i D) Ibn Sina
A) Surah An-Nisa B) Al Baqara 178 C) Surah Al-Ikhlas D) Surah Al-Fatiha
A) Complete abolition of Qisas B) Mandatory exile for all murderers C) Introduction of community service as punishment D) Debate about whether a Muslim can be executed for a non-Muslim
A) Ahl al-Kalām, Mu'tazila B) Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari's followers C) Atharists, Ahl al-Hadith D) rationalists
A) Mu'tazila B) Ahl al-Kalām C) Ahl al-Hadith D) Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari
A) Prayer B) Rituals C) Tradition D) Custom
A) Ijma B) Sunnah C) Ikhtilaf D) Qiyas
A) Yusuf al-Qaradawi B) Mohammed al-Ghazali C) Abdallah bin Bayyah D) Rashid Rida
A) 10th century B) 12th century C) 14th century D) 8th century
A) Istishab B) Taqlid C) Istislah D) Istihsan
A) Abdallah bin Bayyah B) Ibn Hanbal C) Al-Shafi'i D) Ibn Taymiyyah
A) Qiyas (analogical reasoning) B) Naskh (abrogation) C) Ijma (consensus) D) Istihsan (juristic preference)
A) Istihsan B) Qiyas C) Istislah D) Ijma
A) Kharijite sect B) Shiite sect C) Sunni sect D) Zaydi sect
A) The four pillars B) The five decisions (al-aḥkām al-khamsa) C) The seven laws D) The ten commandments
A) Farḍ B) Wajib C) Mustaḥabb D) Mandūb
A) Fatwa B) Tazir C) Qisas D) Hudud
A) Fatwa B) Tazir C) Hudud D) Qisas
A) At birth B) Upon reaching puberty C) After the first prayer D) With rushd (maturity)
A) Ahmad Ibn Hanbal B) Al-Shafi'i C) Ibn Taymiyyah D) Al-Ghazali
A) Rituals B) Marriage C) Injuries D) Sales
A) Hudud B) Diya C) Qisas D) Taʿzīr
A) Marriage with parental consent. B) Marriage at any age without proof of maturity. C) Marriage above the minimum age was forbidden. D) Marriage below the minimum age was forbidden.
A) Imams B) Muftis C) Muslim rulers D) Judges
A) Laura Ingraham B) Ann Coulter C) Diana West D) Glenn Beck
A) Twice the amount. B) The same amount. C) Half the amount. D) One-sixteenth the amount.
A) More than ten individuals. B) Four individuals. C) Twenty individuals. D) None.
A) Hudud B) Diya C) Taʿzīr D) Qisas
A) Written documents B) Confessions C) Physical evidence D) Oral witness testimony
A) 60% B) 55% C) 25% D) 40%
A) Texas B) California C) Florida D) Oklahoma
A) Hanafi B) Maliki C) Shafi'i D) Hanbali
A) Shafi'i B) Hanafi C) Ibadi D) Maliki
A) Hanafi B) Shafi'i C) Maliki D) Hanbali
A) Twice the amount. B) One-sixteenth. C) Half the amount. D) The same amount.
A) The ruler B) A shurta C) A mufti D) A judge (qadi)
A) Saudi Arabia B) Iran C) Tunisia D) Egypt
A) The same as a non-Muslim man. B) Half the value. C) Twice the value. D) One-fifteenth the value.
A) Algeria B) Iran C) Saudi Arabia D) Pakistan
A) Quebec B) British Columbia C) Alberta D) Ontario
A) Sharia court B) Mazalim court C) Mufti court D) Police court
A) Interior Minister Thomas de Maizière B) Chancellor Angela Merkel C) President Frank-Walter Steinmeier D) Foreign Minister Heiko Maas
A) Azerbaijan (8%) B) Turkey (12%) C) Albania (12%) D) Kazakhstan (10%)
A) Less than 10% B) 100% C) 52% D) 25%
A) Through advocating for secular governance. B) By focusing solely on economic reforms. C) By promoting Western democratic values. D) As a resistance struggle using leftist anticolonialist rhetoric.
A) Red Cross, Save the Children, Human Rights Watch B) UNICEF, WHO, Amnesty International C) Doctors Without Borders, Greenpeace, Oxfam D) Musawah, CEDAW, KAFA
A) Ignoring traditional practices entirely B) Imposing administrative hurdles C) Abolishing all religious laws D) Directly changing the Quranic text
A) 2003 B) 2001 C) 1995 D) 1998
A) Cases involving peasants and landowners were rarely heard in Sharia courts. B) Peasants almost always won cases against oppressive landowners. C) Landowners almost always won cases against peasants. D) Sharia courts favored neither party in disputes between peasants and landowners.
A) 56% B) 65% C) 74% D) 42%
A) Ata' bin Abi Rabah B) Ibn Faras C) Ibn Hajar D) Darimi
A) The Spanish B) The British C) The French D) The Dutch
A) Only men B) Anyone regardless of religion C) Non-Muslims D) Muslims
A) Local religious leaders B) A public official called muhtasib (market inspector) C) Military commanders D) Educational administrators
A) Mazalim B) Qanun C) Sharia D) Fatawa-e-Alamgiri
A) Governor Ron DeSantis B) Former House Speaker Newt Gingrich C) Senator Ted Cruz D) President Barack Obama
A) An absolute monarchy B) Radical Islamist movements C) Western democracy without modifications D) A democratic context
A) Refah Party B) Kevin Boyle C) Maurits S. Berger D) The Turkish Constitutional Court
A) Iran B) Pakistan C) Saudi Arabia D) Libya
A) Turkish B) Arabic C) French D) English
A) Quebec, Canada B) Alberta, Canada C) British Columbia, Canada D) Ontario, Canada
A) South Asia (84%) B) Southern-Eastern Europe (18%) C) Sub-Saharan Africa (64%) D) Middle-East/North Africa (74%)
A) Judges' verdicts do not set binding precedents B) They require jury approval C) They must be followed by all future cases D) They are universally codified
A) 50 B) 34 C) 25 D) 20
A) Property rights B) Freedom of speech C) Voting rights D) Right to drive
A) A charitable endowment B) An inheritance tax C) A form of legal representation D) A type of court procedure
A) Israel B) England C) India D) United States
A) 1917 B) 1826 C) 1839 D) 1870s
A) "The letter of the law prevails" B) "Evidence is king" C) "Amicable settlement is the best verdict" D) "Justice above all else"
A) Egypt (74%) B) Pakistan (84%) C) Indonesia (72%) D) Afghanistan (99%)
A) A recommendation letter B) A diploma for completing high school C) A license (ijaza) certifying a student's competence D) A certificate of attendance
A) They remained independent throughout history B) Gradually incorporated into state bureaucracies C) They were banned from issuing fatwas D) They formed separate religious courts
A) Crimes against God B) Murder, adultery, slander, theft C) Treason, blasphemy D) Property damage, bodily injury
A) The number of fatwas they issued B) Their scholarly reputation C) Their political connections D) Their wealth and social status
A) Jakarta B) Sumatra C) Aceh D) Bali
A) Sayyid Qutb B) Abdolkarim Soroush C) Abul A'la Maududi D) Hasan al-Turabi
A) Hanbali B) Maliki C) Hanafi D) Shafi'i
A) Through pre-trial discovery process B) Bequest C) Purchase D) Inheritance
A) King George III B) Warren Hastings C) Lord Cornwallis D) Napoleon Bonaparte
A) Absence of oral testimony B) Stringent procedural norms made convictions difficult C) Lack of trained judges D) Influence from the ruling elite
A) The 20th century B) The colonial era C) The post-colonial era D) The Ottoman Empire
A) Collections of fatwas B) Mukhtasar C) Mabsut D) Qawāʿid |