- 1. Political economy is a social science that studies the relationships between individuals, society, and government in the production and distribution of resources. It examines how political institutions and economic systems interact to shape the allocation of wealth and power. Political economy analyzes the dynamics of markets, policies, and institutions to understand issues such as inequality, economic growth, and development. By exploring the interplay between politics and economics, political economy seeks to inform policies and promote better societal outcomes.
What is political economy?
A) The study of only economics without any political considerations.
B) The study of law and society.
C) The study of how political institutions and economic systems interact.
D) The study of only politics without any economic considerations.
- 2. Which economic system is characterized by government ownership of the means of production?
A) Communism
B) Socialism
C) Mercantilism
D) Capitalism
- 3. Which economic system relies on market forces to determine prices and allocate resources?
A) Communism
B) Socialism
C) Capitalism
D) Mercantilism
- 4. In the context of political economy, what is a tariff?
A) A subsidy given to foreign producers for exporting goods.
B) A tax on imported goods to protect domestic industries.
C) A tax on exported goods to encourage domestic consumption.
D) A restriction on the flow of capital across borders.
- 5. Which economic concept refers to the total value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period?
A) Consumer Price Index (CPI)
B) Balance of Trade
C) Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
D) Inflation Rate
- 6. In the context of international political economy, what does the acronym WTO stand for?
A) World Trade Organization
B) World Treaty Organization
C) World Tariff Organization
D) World Taxation Organization
- 7. Which concept refers to the ability of a country to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another country?
A) Absolute advantage
B) Balance of payments
C) Specialization
D) Comparative advantage
- 8. What is the economic term for a prolonged period of negative economic growth and high unemployment?
A) Inflation
B) Deflation
C) Boom
D) Recession
- 9. Which economic theory proposes that government should increase spending and lower taxes to stimulate demand during economic downturns?
A) Keynesian economics
B) Classical economics
C) Supply-side economics
D) Monetarism
- 10. What is the term for the study of income distribution and inequality within societies?
A) Monetary economics
B) Behavioral economics
C) Distributional economics
D) Development economics
- 11. What concept refers to the theory that economic production should serve the welfare of all individuals in society?
A) Neoclassical economics
B) Behavioral economics
C) Development economics
D) Welfare economics
- 12. What does the acronym NAFTA stand for?
A) National Agreement for Farm Trade Advancement
B) North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement
C) North American Free Trade Agreement
D) National Association of Financial Trade Agreements
- 13. Which term describes the phenomenon of increasing interconnectedness of economies and societies?
A) Localization
B) Protectionism
C) Economic nationalism
D) Globalization
- 14. Which country is known for implementing a 'command economy' during the rule of Mao Zedong?
A) United States
B) Germany
C) China
D) Russia
- 15. What is the term for the proportion of people actively seeking employment who are unable to find it?
A) Unemployment rate
B) Trade deficit
C) Minimum wage
D) Labor force participation rate
- 16. Which organization is responsible for overseeing international monetary and financial issues, and promoting global monetary cooperation?
A) United Nations (UN)
B) World Trade Organization (WTO)
C) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
D) European Central Bank (ECB)
- 17. What is the term for when a company dominates a specific market?
A) Oligopoly
B) Monopolistic competition
C) Monopoly
D) Perfect competition
- 18. What type of market structure has many sellers but differentiated products?
A) Oligopoly
B) Perfect competition
C) Monopolistic competition
D) Monopoly
- 19. Which term refers to the process of selling state-owned assets to private investors?
A) Regulation
B) Nationalization
C) Subsidization
D) Privatization
- 20. Which institution sets short-term interest rates in the United States?
A) Federal Reserve
B) Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
C) Treasury Department
D) Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
- 21. What is the term for imposing a financial penalty on imported goods to protect domestic industries?
A) Quota
B) Subsidy
C) Dumping
D) Tariff
- 22. What is the term for increasing the value of a country's currency in relation to other currencies?
A) Appreciation
B) Deflation
C) Depreciation
D) Inflation
- 23. Which term refers to the mechanism by which the government manages the supply of money and interest rates to influence the economy?
A) Fiscal policy
B) Monetary policy
C) Industrial policy
D) Trade policy
- 24. The concept of 'invisible hand' is associated with which economist?
A) Karl Marx
B) Adam Smith
C) Milton Friedman
D) John Maynard Keynes
- 25. Which economic concept refers to the general increase in prices over time?
A) Deflation
B) Boom
C) Recession
D) Inflation
- 26. In economics, what does the term 'Gini coefficient' measure?
A) Income inequality
B) Consumer price index
C) Labor productivity
D) Interest rate
- 27. In economics, what does the term 'ceteris paribus' mean?
A) Opportunity cost
B) Supply and demand
C) Purchasing power parity
D) All other things being equal
- 28. What is the term for a policy of government spending and taxation to influence the economy?
A) Trade policy
B) Industrial policy
C) Monetary policy
D) Fiscal policy
- 29. What is the term for the phenomenon where wages increase at a slower rate than productivity growth?
A) Wage inflation
B) Nominal wage growth
C) Real wage decline
D) Wage stagnation
- 30. Which theory argues that governments should not interfere in the economy?
A) Socialism
B) Marxism
C) Laissez-faire
D) Keynesian economics
- 31. Which country has the world's largest economy by GDP?
A) Germany
B) China
C) Japan
D) United States
- 32. Which type of unemployment results from changes in the business cycle?
A) Cyclical
B) Frictional
C) Structural
D) Seasonal
- 33. Which term describes a situation where the market fails to allocate resources efficiently?
A) Pareto efficiency
B) Market failure
C) Factor mobility
D) Perfect competition
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