Galileo thermometer - Quiz
  • 1. What does a Galileo thermometer contain besides several glass vessels of varying density?
A) Solid wax
B) Compressed air
C) A clear liquid
D) Pure mercury
  • 2. How do the individual floats move in a Galileo thermometer as temperature changes?
A) They spin rapidly in circles
B) They rise or fall in relation to density
C) They dissolve completely
D) They change their color
  • 3. Whose principle is the Galileo thermometer based on?
A) Vincenzo Viviani
B) Isaac Newton
C) Galileo Galilei
D) Evangelista Torricelli
  • 4. What principle discovered by Galileo is the thermometer based on?
A) The density of a liquid changes in relation to its temperature
B) Light travels faster than sound
C) Objects expand when cooled
D) Pressure is inversely proportional to volume
  • 5. Did Galileo invent the Galileo thermometer?
A) Only the outer tube
B) Only the glass vessels
C) Yes
D) No
  • 6. What earlier thermometer device did Galileo actually invent?
A) Galileo's air thermometer
B) The mercury barometer
C) The alcohol thermostat
D) The digital thermometer
  • 7. What is a more accurate name for Galileo's air thermometer?
A) Pyrometer
B) Thermoscope
C) Barograph
D) Hydrometer
  • 8. By what year was Galileo's air thermometer invented?
A) 1684
B) 1990
C) 1603
D) 1666
  • 9. Which group actually invented the instrument now known as a Galileo thermometer?
A) The Royal Society of London
B) Accademia del Cimento of Florence
C) The French Academy of Sciences
D) The Berlin Physics Institute
  • 10. Who was a pupil of Galileo and a member of the Accademia del Cimento?
A) Newton
B) Torricelli
C) Viviani
D) Leopoldo
  • 11. Who was a pupil of Torricelli and a member of the Accademia del Cimento?
A) Celsius
B) Viviani
C) Galileo
D) Leopoldo
  • 12. In what year were details of the thermometer published in the Saggi di naturali esperienze?
A) 1603
B) 1666
C) 1684
D) 1990
  • 13. In what year was the English translation of the Saggi di naturali esperienze published?
A) 1684
B) 1700
C) 1990
D) 1666
  • 14. How did the 1684 English translation describe the device?
A) Fast and erratic
B) Slow and lazy
C) Hot and heavy
D) Bright and shiny
  • 15. What is an alternative Italian name for the invention reflecting its slow nature?
A) Sfera colorata
B) Termometro lento
C) Termometro rapido
D) Vetro denso
  • 16. What was the outer vessel originally filled with in the historical description?
A) Rectified spirits of wine
B) Pure mercury
C) Boiling water
D) Liquid nitrogen
  • 17. What was 'rectified spirits of wine' in the historical outer vessel?
A) A concentrated solution of ethanol in water
B) A thick mineral oil
C) Melted animal fat
D) Pure fermented grape juice
  • 18. How were the weights of the glass bubbles adjusted historically?
A) By grinding a small amount of glass from the sealed end
B) By painting them with heavy metals
C) By melting the glass completely
D) By adding tiny lead shots inside
  • 19. Why was a small air space left at the top of the main vessel historically?
A) To keep the glass cool
B) To make the thermometer float
C) To prevent light reflection
D) To allow for the liquor to rarefy
  • 20. Which institution revived the Galileo thermometer in the modern era?
A) Science Museum of Florence
B) Smithsonian Institution
C) The Louvre Museum
D) Natural History Museum, London
  • 21. When did the Natural History Museum in London start selling a version of the thermometer?
A) 1890s
B) 2000s
C) 1990s
D) 1950s
  • 22. What are the small glass bulbs in a Galileo thermometer partly filled with?
A) Metal shavings
B) Different-colored liquids
C) Colored gas
D) Solid plastic beads
  • 23. What is the composition of the liquids inside the small glass bulbs mainly?
A) Water
B) Mercury
C) Ethanol
D) Kerosene
  • 24. What purpose do the small percents of alcohol inside the bulbs serve?
A) They change the bulb size
B) They make the liquid freeze faster
C) They power the thermometer
D) They are not important for the functioning
  • 25. How are the effective densities of the hand-blown bulbs adjusted after being sealed?
A) Using metal tags hanging from beneath them
B) By heating the glass
C) By adding air through a valve
D) By changing the outer liquid
  • 26. Why doesn't the expansion of materials inside the bulbs affect the thermometer's operation?
A) Because the outer tube is open to the air
B) Because the metal tags absorb the heat
C) Because these materials are sealed inside a glass bulb of approximately fixed size
D) Because the liquid inside never expands
  • 27. What is the clear liquid in which the bulbs are submerged usually made of?
A) Melted sugar syrup
B) Liquid mercury
C) Pure distilled water
D) Organic compounds
  • 28. Name two organic compounds mentioned as being used for the clear holding fluid.
A) Olive oil or motor oil
B) Acetone or glycerin
C) Ethanol or kerosene
D) Water or vinegar
  • 29. How does the density of the clear liquid change?
A) It remains completely constant
B) It varies with temperature
C) It changes with atmospheric pressure only
D) It changes with time of day
  • 30. What does the fixed size of the outer tube ensure for the outer clear liquid?
A) It will never evaporate
B) It will be in gas-liquid equilibrium
C) It will turn into a solid
D) It will remain at room temperature
  • 31. What happens to the equilibrium density of liquids like ethanol with an increase in temperature?
A) It fluctuates randomly
B) It stays the same
C) It increases
D) It decreases
  • 32. What effect does the decreasing density of ethanol with increased temperature have on the bulbs?
A) It makes the bulbs change color
B) It causes the bulbs to rise or sink
C) It causes the bulbs to magnetize
D) It causes the bulbs to shatter
  • 33. What happens to the bulbs as the temperature rises?
A) They will dissolve into the liquid
B) They will remain completely still
C) They will sink one by one
D) They will float to the top all at once
  • 34. Why do the bulbs sink as the temperature rises?
A) According to their individual density as the clear holding fluid's density gradually changes
B) Because they become heavier from absorbing heat
C) Because the outer tube shrinks
D) Because the metal tags fall off
  • 35. Where might all the bulbs be eventually if the surrounding temperature is high enough?
A) Floating outside the tube
B) At the very top of the tube
C) At the base of the tube
D) Stuck to the sides of the glass
  • 36. What happens to the bulbs as the temperature falls?
A) They cluster in the middle
B) They sink faster to the bottom
C) The reverse happens, until they can all be at the top
D) They break due to cold
  • 37. What is stamped on the metal tags attached to each bulb?
A) A density value
B) A manufacturer name
C) A temperature
D) A serial number
  • 38. How do you read the environment temperature if a bulb is in the centre of the column?
A) It cannot be determined
B) It indicates the minimum temperature
C) You must add ten degrees to it
D) That gives a close approximation of the environment temperature
  • 39. How is the temperature determined if there are some bulbs at the top and some at the base but none in between?
A) By taking the sum of all bulbs
B) By reading the highest bulb at the top
C) The average of the lowest bulb at the top and the highest at the base
D) By reading the lowest bulb at the base
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