Diversity index - Quiz
  • 1. What is the Rényi entropy a generalization of?
A) Gini coefficient
B) Shannon entropy
C) Simpson index
D) Herfindahl index
  • 2. Who introduced the Simpson index in 1949?
A) Hunter–Gaston
B) Orris C. Herfindahl
C) Albert O. Hirschman
D) Edward H. Simpson
  • 3. What is the economic term for the Simpson index?
A) Shannon index
B) Rényi index
C) Gini index
D) Herfindahl–Hirschman index
  • 4. What does the Simpson index (λ) represent?
A) The mean of the proportional abundances
B) The inverse of the total richness
C) The total number of species in a dataset
D) The probability that two entities taken at random represent the same type
  • 5. What is the value of 1/λ equivalent to in terms of true diversity?
A) True diversity with q = 2
B) True diversity with q = 3
C) True diversity with q = 0
D) True diversity with q = 1
  • 6. In the formula for the Simpson index, what does R represent?
A) Rényi entropy
B) Ratio of types
C) Random sampling constant
D) Richness
  • 7. What is the name of the Simpson index form used in microbiology?
A) Herfindahl–Gaston index
B) Shannon–Hunter index
C) Hunter–Gaston index
D) Hirschman–Simpson index
  • 8. What happens to the value of λ in datasets of high diversity?
A) It obtains small values
B) It becomes undefined
C) It obtains large values
D) It remains constant
  • 9. Which of these is a common transformation of λ that increases with diversity?
A) Logarithm of λ
B) Square root of λ
C) Gini–Simpson index (1 − λ)
D) Sum of λ
  • 10. What assumption is made for the standard interpretation of λ as a probability?
A) The number of types must be equal to the number of entities
B) The dataset must be infinitely large
C) Entities are sampled with replacement
D) Entities are sampled without replacement
  • 11. Who introduced the square root of the Simpson index in 1945?
A) Edward H. Simpson
B) Claude Shannon
C) Orris C. Herfindahl
D) Albert O. Hirschman
  • 12. What is the range of the minimum value for λ?
A) λ ≥ 1/R
B) λ ≥ R
C) λ ≥ 1
D) λ ≥ 0
  • 13. What is a diversity index used for?
A) Predicting the future growth of a population
B) Calculating the total biomass of a community
C) Identifying individual organisms by name
D) Measuring different types in a dataset
  • 14. What is meant by the term 'richness' in the context of a diversity index?
A) The geographical spread of a species
B) The total weight of all organisms
C) The proportional abundance of the rarest type
D) A count of the number of types in a dataset
  • 15. In information science, what entities are typically measured using diversity indices?
A) Characters
B) Network nodes
C) Digital signals
D) Hardware components
  • 16. What are Hill numbers also known as?
A) Effective number of species
B) Shannon entropy constants
C) Phylogenetic averages
D) Categorical variation counts
  • 17. What does the parameter 'q' define in the calculation of true diversity?
A) The geographical size of the site
B) The total number of types in the dataset
C) The sensitivity to rare versus abundant species
D) The unit of measurement used for the diversity
  • 18. What is the Shannon index called in the field of machine learning?
A) Entropy reduction
B) Diversity gain
C) Perplexity
D) Information gain
  • 19. What is the value of the Shannon index when there is only one type in a dataset?
A) Infinity
B) Negative one
C) Zero
D) One
  • 20. What does the Rényi entropy add to diversity measurement?
A) The inclusion of phylogenetic relatedness
B) The ability to freely vary the kind of weighted mean used
C) The ability to count rare species only
D) A way to calculate biomass
  • 21. What is the relationship between the Shannon index (H') and true diversity (1D)?
A) H' equals 1/1D
B) H' equals 1D
C) H' equals ln(1D)
D) H' equals the square of 1D
  • 22. What are indices that account for phylogenetic relatedness called?
A) Species-relativity indices
B) Phylo-divergence indices
C) Phylogenetic richness counts
D) Genetic diversity indices
  • 23. How is the Berger–Parker index defined?
A) The weighted arithmetic mean of types
B) The sum of squared proportional abundances
C) The inverse of the Simpson index
D) The maximum proportional abundance
  • 24. The Berger–Parker index is equal to the inverse of which diversity order?
A) Order 1
B) Order infinity
C) Order 0
D) Order 2
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