Tyrannosaurus - Quiz
Tyrannosaurus
  • 1. What was the name of the basal tyrannosauroid in which filamentous structures were discovered in 2004?
A) Daspletosaurus
B) Wyrex
C) Yutyrannus huali
D) Dilong paradoxus
  • 2. Where were the filamentous structures of Dilong paradoxus discovered?
A) Morrison Formation
B) Dinosaur Park Formation
C) Hell Creek Formation
D) Yixian Formation
  • 3. What discovery cast doubt on the hypothesis that feathers were only present on small tyrannosauroids?
A) Yutyrannus huali
B) Daspletosaurus
C) Dilong paradoxus
D) Wyrex
  • 4. What is the nickname of the Tyrannosaurus specimen that preserves mosaic scales?
A) Sue
B) Stan
C) Trix
D) Wyrex
  • 5. Where are the mosaic scales found on the Wyrex specimen?
A) Head, chest, and tail
B) Snout, limbs, and belly
C) Tail, hip, and neck
D) Claws, feet, and back
  • 6. According to the 2017 study, if Tyrannosaurus had feathers, where were they likely located?
A) Only on the legs
B) The entire body
C) Upper side of the trunk
D) Only on the head and tail
  • 7. What feature did the 2016 conference abstract suggest Tyrannosaurus had instead of bare teeth?
A) Lips
B) Feathered coverings
C) Whiskers
D) Beaks
  • 8. Why did the 2016 study argue that Tyrannosaurus needed lips?
A) To assist with chewing
B) To keep enamel hydrated
C) To prevent tooth infection
D) To improve camouflage
  • 9. What did the 2017 analytical study propose tyrannosaurids had on their snouts instead of lips?
A) Cracked, keratinized skin
B) Soft, fleshy tissue
C) Hard, bony plates
D) Large, flat scales
  • 10. How did the study compare tyrannosaurid skin to that of crocodiles?
A) They had smoother skin than crocodiles
B) They had thicker skin than crocodiles
C) They had squamose scales rather than crocodillian-like skin
D) They had the same skin type as crocodiles
  • 11. Whose 2023 work supported the idea that tyrannosaurids had lips?
A) The researchers of Dilong
B) The 2017 study team
C) Cullen and colleagues
D) The researchers of Wyrex
  • 12. What anatomical feature was used in 2023 to argue for the presence of lips?
A) Shape of the cranial cavity
B) Foramina on the face and jaws
C) Length of the snout
D) Size of the eye sockets
  • 13. To which modern animals were the tyrannosaurid face and jaw foramina compared?
A) Mammals
B) Birds
C) Squamates
D) Amphibians
  • 14. What was the condition of the enamel on Daspletosaurus teeth compared to American alligators?
A) Severe erosion
B) No significant wear
C) Completely absent
D) Substantial wear
  • 15. What did the regression analysis of tooth height and skull length demonstrate?
A) Teeth were not too big to be covered by extraoral tissues
B) Teeth grew faster than the skull
C) Teeth were shorter than those of varanids
D) Teeth were too large to be covered by lips
  • 16. In what year did Gregory S. Paul and colleagues publish the study arguing for three Tyrannosaurus species?
A) 2022
B) 2020
C) 2025
D) 2018
  • 17. What is the meaning of the name T. imperator?
A) Tyrant lizard ruler
B) Tyrant lizard king
C) Tyrant lizard queen
D) Tyrant lizard emperor
  • 18. Which specimen serves as the holotype for T. imperator?
A) Sue
B) Stan
C) Trix
D) Wankel rex
  • 19. Which specimen serves as the holotype for T. regina?
A) Stan
B) Barnum
C) Wankel rex
D) Sue
  • 20. What primary skeletal element was used to distinguish the proposed species?
A) Femur
B) Skull
C) Vertebrae
D) Humerus
  • 21. How many slender incisiform dentary teeth does T. rex possess?
A) One
B) Zero
C) Two
D) Three
  • 22. How many slender incisiform dentary teeth does T. imperator possess?
A) Three
B) Two
C) One
D) Four
  • 23. According to the study, which species is described as more gracile?
A) T. rex
B) T. lancensis
C) T. regina
D) T. imperator
  • 24. Which paleontologist withdrew from the study because they did not want to be involved in naming the new species?
A) Thomas Holtz
B) Thomas Carr
C) Philip J. Currie
D) Stephen Brusatte
  • 25. Where is the T. imperator holotype Sue displayed?
A) Natural History Museum London
B) American Museum of Natural History
C) Smithsonian
D) Field Museum
  • 26. Who suggested that T. imperator might actually be T. lancensis?
A) Lindsay Zanno
B) Jingmai O'Connor
C) Thomas Holtz
D) Gregory S. Paul
  • 27. What feature did Paul suggest could further distinguish the species in a 2025 paper?
A) Postorbital bosses
B) Claw curvature
C) Tail vertebrae
D) Dentary length
  • 28. What reason did critics give for the differences in skeletal proportions between specimens?
A) Sexual dimorphism
B) Dietary habits
C) Natural variation within a species
D) Geographic isolation
  • 29. What is the approximate length of the specimen nicknamed Sue?
A) 10.0–10.5 m
B) 11.5–12.0 m
C) 12.3–12.8 m
D) 13–13.5 m
  • 30. Which specimen is reported to measure 13 m in length?
A) Sue
B) Scotty
C) Stan
D) Trix
  • 31. What shape is the tip of the upper jaw of a T. rex?
A) V-shaped
B) U-shaped
C) Pointed
D) Flat
  • 32. How are the premaxillary teeth of T. rex described in cross-section?
A) Square
B) D-shaped
C) Triangular
D) O-shaped
  • 33. What nickname is given to the robust teeth of T. rex?
A) Bone crushers
B) Daggers
C) Serrated blades
D) Lethal bananas
  • 34. What is the maximum estimated length of a T. rex tooth including the root?
A) 30.5 cm
B) 45.0 cm
C) 15.0 cm
D) 22.5 cm
  • 35. What term describes the differences in tooth shape found in T. rex?
A) Homodonty
B) Polyphyodonty
C) Thecodonty
D) Heterodonty
  • 36. Which of the following describes the fusion of T. rex skull bones?
A) Allows for jaw flexibility
B) Allows for skull expansion
C) Prevents movement
D) Increases weight significantly
  • 37. Who found the first partial skeleton of T. rex in 1900?
A) Sue Hendrickson
B) Jack Horner
C) Barnum Brown
D) Henry Fairfield Osborn
  • 38. In which location was the first partial skeleton of T. rex found?
A) Eastern Wyoming
B) Pittsburgh
C) Montana
D) Fort Peck Reservoir
  • 39. Who named the T. rex skeleton in 1905?
A) Henry Fairfield Osborn
B) Barnum Brown
C) Stan Sacrison
D) William MacMannis
  • 40. What did Osborn originally name the specimen that he later identified as T. rex?
A) Wyrex
B) Dynamosaurus imperiosus
C) Bucky
D) Nanotyrannus
  • 41. How much was the T. rex type specimen sold for in 1941?
A) $31.8 million
B) $153,224
C) $7.6 million
D) $7,000
  • 42. What percentage of the skeleton is Sue?
A) 85%
B) 70%
C) 15%
D) 50%
  • 43. At what age did Sue die?
A) 20
B) 19
C) 28
D) 30
  • 44. Who is the specimen Stan named after?
A) Stan the owner
B) Stan the geologist
C) Stan the curator
D) Stan Sacrison
  • 45. Who was the youngest person to discover a Tyrannosaurus?
A) Dan Wells
B) Sue Hendrickson
C) Bucky Derflinger
D) Stan Sacrison
  • 46. Which Tyrannosaurus was the first to be found with a preserved furcula?
A) Bucky
B) Sue
C) Stan
D) Jane
  • 47. In what month and year was the first T. rex tooth found?
A) July 1890
B) May 1907
C) July 1874
D) June 1892
  • 48. What species were the fossils collected by Hatcher in Wyoming originally thought to be?
A) Agathaumid
B) Tyrannosaurus rex
C) Ornithomimus grandis
D) Manospondylus gigas
  • 49. What does the name 'Manospondylus gigas' mean?
A) Giant porous vertebra
B) Large feathered lizard
C) Blood vessel fossil
D) Ancient mountain bone
  • 50. What kind of dinosaur did Edward Drinker Cope initially believe the Manospondylus gigas fragments belonged to?
A) Theropod
B) Ceratopsid
C) Ornithopod
D) Sauropod
  • 51. Who identified the Manospondylus gigas remains as belonging to a theropod in 1907?
A) Osborn
B) Hatcher
C) Larson
D) Brochu
  • 52. When did Henry Fairfield Osborn recognize the similarity between Manospondylus gigas and T. rex?
A) 1892
B) 2003
C) 2000
D) 1917
  • 53. What happened to the second Manospondylus vertebra by 1917?
A) It was stolen
B) It was lost
C) It was identified as T. rex
D) It was destroyed
  • 54. How much of a skeleton did the Black Hills Institute find in 2000 at a potential M. gigas site?
A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 25%
D) 50%
  • 55. According to the 2000 ICZN amendment, why does T. rex retain priority over M. gigas?
A) M. gigas was never a real dinosaur
B) M. gigas is a synonym for a plant
C) T. rex was discovered earlier
D) It has been in popular usage
  • 56. Who remained skeptical that the name T. rex would be abandoned?
A) Henry Fairfield Osborn
B) Edward Drinker Cope
C) Peter T. Dotson
D) Christopher Brochu
  • 57. What does the Latin word 'rex' mean?
A) Predator
B) Lizard
C) Ancient
D) King
  • 58. On which island continent did Tyrannosaurus live?
A) Laramidia
B) Gondwana
C) Pangaea
D) Laurasia
  • 59. During which geological period did Tyrannosaurus live?
A) Paleogene
B) Jurassic
C) Triassic
D) Cretaceous
  • 60. What is the estimated maximum length of Tyrannosaurus according to modern estimates?
A) Exactly 20 meters
B) Under 10 meters
C) Exactly 10 meters
D) Over 13 meters
  • 61. Which animal is considered very closely related to Tyrannosaurus?
A) Ankylosaurus
B) Triceratops
C) Tarbosaurus bataar
D) Velociraptor
  • 62. How do modern paleontologists classify the feeding behavior of Tyrannosaurus?
A) As a predator
B) As an insectivore
C) As a herbivore
D) As a pure scavenger
  • 63. Which prey items are suggested as part of the Tyrannosaurus diet?
A) Hadrosaurs
B) Large marine reptiles
C) Small mammals only
D) Pterosaurs
  • 64. Which term describes the movement style of Tyrannosaurus?
A) Flying
B) Quadrupedal
C) Semi-aquatic
D) Bipedal
  • 65. How is the bite force of Tyrannosaurus described relative to other terrestrial animals?
A) Moderate
B) The largest
C) Average
D) Weak
  • 66. In which age of the Cretaceous period are most Tyrannosaurus fossils found?
A) Albian
B) Maastrichtian
C) Aptian
D) Coniacian
  • 67. What media franchise is cited as an example of Tyrannosaurus's popularity?
A) The Land Before Time
B) Godzilla
C) King Kong
D) Jurassic Park
  • 68. What is the minimum estimated number of tail vertebrae in a Tyrannosaurus?
A) Thirteen
B) Five
C) Ten
D) Forty
  • 69. What shape did the neck of Tyrannosaurus form?
A) J-shaped
B) U-shaped
C) S-shaped
D) Straight
  • 70. What are pneumatic depressions on the sides of vertebrae called?
A) Sacral ribs
B) Transverse processes
C) Neural spines
D) Pleurocoels
  • 71. Which bone connects to the coracoid via a long forward protrusion?
A) Shoulder blade
B) Ilium
C) Ischium
D) Humerus
  • 72. What is the term for the foot structure where the third metatarsal is pinched near the ankle?
A) Opisthocoelous
B) Arctometatarsalian
C) Segmented
D) Pneumatized
  • 73. How many pairs of belly ribs did the Tyrannosaurus trunk have?
A) Forty or forty-one
B) Eighteen or nineteen
C) Five or six
D) Ten or eleven
  • 74. Which part of the pelvis is characterized by an enormous 'boot'?
A) Pubic bone
B) Ilium
C) Ischium
D) Sacrum
  • 75. What was the composition of the breast bones in Tyrannosaurus?
A) Fused metal-like minerals
B) Hardened skin
C) Solid bone
D) Possibly cartilage only
  • 76. Compared to the humerus, what is the length of the ulna and radius?
A) Much shorter
B) Much longer
C) Equal in length
D) Double the length
  • 77. What is the type genus of the family Tyrannosauridae?
A) Daspletosaurus
B) Tarbosaurus
C) Lythronax
D) Tyrannosaurus
  • 78. Which subfamily does Tyrannosaurus belong to?
A) Megalosaurinae
B) Tyrannosaurinae
C) Coelurosaurinae
D) Carnosaurinae
  • 79. Which genus has occasionally been synonymized with Tyrannosaurus?
A) Lythronax
B) Zhuchengtyrannus
C) Thanatotheristes
D) Daspletosaurus
  • 80. To which group were tyrannosaurids reclassified after being considered relatives of megalosaurs?
A) Proceratosaurids
B) Coelurosaurs
C) Allosauroids
D) Carnosaurids
  • 81. What are the earliest tyrannosaur group members called?
A) Tyrannosaurinae
B) Pantyrannosauria
C) Eutyrannosaurs
D) Proceratosaurids
  • 82. What structural characteristic helps define Tyrannosauroids?
A) Kinetic skulls
B) Fused nasals
C) Crested skulls
D) Enlarged humerus
  • 83. Which of these is a feature of Pantyrannosaurs?
A) Fused humerus
B) Lack of hips
C) Hourglass shaped nasals
D) Large nasal pneumaticity
  • 84. What do Eutyrannosaurs exhibit on their nasal bones?
A) Hourglass shapes
B) Rough texture
C) Smooth surface
D) Large crests
  • 85. What do Tyrannosaurids lack?
A) Kinetic skulls
B) Fused nasals
C) Lacrimal processes
D) Mandibular fenestra
  • 86. According to the 2016 study, where might Tyrannosaurus have originated?
A) South America
B) Asia
C) Europe
D) Africa
  • 87. What is the name of the clade formed by Tarbosaurus and Zhuchengtyrannus?
A) Daspletosaurini
B) Tyrannosaurini
C) Pantyrannosaurini
D) Proceratosaurini
  • 88. Which genus is in the Daspletosaurini clade alongside Daspletosaurus?
A) Tarbosaurus
B) Tyrannosaurus
C) Lythronax
D) Thanatotheristes
  • 89. When did Tyrannosaurus mcraeensis get described?
A) 2010
B) 2024
C) 2013
D) 2016
  • 90. In 1955, who named the species Tyrannosaurus bataar?
A) Evgeny Maleev
B) Kenneth Carpenter
C) Thomas Carr
D) Thomas Holtz
  • 91. What is the status of T. lanpingensis and T. turpanensis according to the text?
A) Valid species
B) Synonyms of T. rex
C) Nomina nuda
D) Nomina dubia
  • 92. In 2004, what did Holtz list T. lanpingensis as?
A) Junior synonym of Tarbosaurus
B) Nomen nudum
C) Valid species
D) Nomen dubium
  • 93. In their 2023 overview, what did Averianov and Lopatin classify the VGI no. 231/3 specimen as?
A) Theropoda indet.
B) Tarbosaurus
C) Ceratosaur
D) Tyrannosaurus sp.
  • 94. Who erected the species Tyrannosaurus zhuchengensis in 2001?
A) Dale Russell
B) Charlie Scherer
C) Hu Chengzhi
D) Evgeny Maleev
  • 95. Which genus might be a synonym of Tyrannosaurus zhuchengensis?
A) Zhuchengtyrannus
B) Daspletosaurus
C) Gorgosaurus
D) Tarbosaurus
  • 96. What is the specimen CM 9401?
A) A metatarsal
B) A maxilla
C) A phalanx bone
D) A fragmentary tyrannosaurid lacrimal
  • 97. Who re-identified CM 9401 as a tyrannosaurid in the 1980s?
A) Dale Russell
B) Hu Chengzhi
C) Kenneth Carpenter
D) Thomas Carr
  • 98. What feature does CM 9401 lack, unlike Albertosaurus and Gorgosaurus?
A) Diagnostic features
B) A maxilla
C) A lacrimal horn
D) A rugosity on the dorsal surface
  • 99. In what year were the remains of Tyrannosaurus mcraeensis originally discovered?
A) 1990
B) 1984
C) 1983
D) 1986
  • 100. What is the museum accession number for the T. mcraeensis holotype?
A) MOR 1125
B) FMNH PR2081
C) CMNH 7541
D) NMMNH P-3698
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