CLJ2 HREDUC
  • 1. A person was dismissed from government service without being informed of the charges. Which constitutional right was violated?
A) Right to speedy disposition
B) Substantive due process
C) Procedural due process
D) Equal protection clause
  • 2. A law prohibits only journalists from criticizing the government. This violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Procedural due process
C) Police power
D) Substantive due process
  • 3. Police arrested a suspect without a warrant and denied him access to counsel. Which is violated?
A) Procedural due process
B) . Bill of Attainder
C) Substantive due process
D) Equal protection clause
  • 4. A city ordinance increases taxes only on students from private universities. This is unconstitutional because:
A) Equal protection is violated
B) Substantive due process is upheld
C) Free speech is restricted
D) Due process is denied
  • 5. Which situation BEST demonstrates substantive due process?
A) A law punishing a lawful activity
B) Unfair trial procedure
C) Lack of notice before hearing
D) Denial of appeal
  • 6. Applying a law only to individuals with a specific surname violates:
A) Substantive due process
B) Ex post facto limitation
C) Procedural due process
D) Equal protection
  • 7. A court admitted evidence obtained illegally. The violation involved:
A) Substantive due process
B) Equal protection
C) Judicial review
D) Procedural due process
  • 8. A suspect claims he was not allowed to defend himself during trial. Which constitutional safeguard supports his claim?
A) Habeas corpus
B) Equal protection
C) Substantive due process
D) Procedural due process
  • 9. . A law allows imprisonment without trial. This shows absence of:
A) Due process
B) Delegated legislation
C) Judicial review
D) Equal protection
  • 10. Government creates a rule that applies equally to all groups unless a valid distinction exists. This reflects:
A) Equal protection of laws
B) Reverse discrimination
C) Administrative discretion
D) Substantive due process
  • 11. To be valid, classification under the equal protection clause must:
A) Be based on reasonable distinction
B) Favor majority
C) Promote executive power
D) Be arbitrary
  • 12. Authorities closed a business without a hearing. What was violated?
A) Bill of Rights
B) Equal protection
C) Procedural due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 13. Law punishing crimes committed before its passage violates:
A) Due process only
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection
D) Ex post facto prohibition
  • 14. Equal protection is satisfied when:
A) . It applies the same to foreigners only
B) Majority approves
C) Classification is reasonable and applies equally to those similarly situated
D) . It favors the rich
  • 15. The essence of procedural due process in criminal cases is:
A) Equal protection
B) Right to fair hearing
C) Executive intervention
D) Special privilege
  • 16. A law allows detention based solely on suspicion without hearing. Unconstitutional because it violates:
A) Both procedural & substantive due process
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection
D) Police power
  • 17. Which illustrates equal protection in criminal justice?
A) All accused are entitled to the same defenses and penalties
B) Only locals are penalized; tourists are exempt
C) Only wealthy accused receive counsel
D) Penalties differ for same crime based on religion
  • 18. Before license cancellation, the government must notify and hear the driver. This is:
A) Procedural due process
B) Equal protection
C) Police power
D) Substantive due process
  • 19. A law increasing penalties only for a particular ethnic group is invalid due to violation of:
A) Separation of powers
B) Police power
C) Procedural due process
D) Equal protection
  • 20. Substantive due process primarily focuses on:
A) Equality of treatment
B) Reasonableness of the law itself C. Court procedure
C) Burden of proof
D) Court procedure
  • 21. A suspect is interrogated without being informed of his rights. What is the status of his signed confession?
A) Acceptable if notarized
B) Admissible if voluntary
C) Inadmissible as evidence
D) Valid only if witnessed by two civilians
  • 22. Police threaten a suspect with harm unless he confesses. This violates:
A) RA 9745 only-begotten
B) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
C) RA 7438 only
D) Neither; threat is allowed
  • 23. A suspect requests to talk privately with his lawyer, but officers insist to stay nearby. Is this compliant?
A) No; consultation must be private
B) Yes, if lawyer agrees
C) No; unless recorded
D) Yes, for security reasons
  • 24. Officers must inform the suspect of his rights in a language he:
A) Prefers but must pay for B. Understands
B) Understands
C) Is fluent in only
D) Was taught formally
  • 25. A foreign national is arrested. Which is required?
A) Detain until translator is available, no notice
B) Notify embassy or consular office
C) Proceed only after bail posting
D) Inform him in local language only
  • 26. Under RA 9745, forcing a suspect to watch torture of another person is considered:
A) Administrative misconduct only
B) Valid interrogation strategy
C) Mental/psychological torture
D) Not torture
  • 27. Officers interrogate a suspect whose lawyer arrives but is denied access. Statements obtained:
A) Inadmissible
B) Valid if recorded
C) Admissible if voluntarily given
D) Admissible if affirmed in court
  • 28. A suspect is detained secretly without access to family. This violates:
A) Only RA 9745
B) Only RA 7438
C) Neither
D) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
  • 29. Which can legally waive custodial rights?
A) By arresting officer certification
B) Verbally before investigator
C) In writing, in presence of counsel
D) By counsel alone
  • 30. Officers request the suspect to sign an apology letter admitting guilt. The suspect signs. Is this valid?
A) No; custodial rights violated
B) Valid if signed voluntarily before 2 witnesses
C) Yes, even without counsel
D) Yes, if handwritten
  • 31. Under RA 7438, a suspect has the right to communicate with family. This applies:
A) From the moment of arrest
B) Only after arraignment
C) Only if bail is approved
D) After evidence is gathered
  • 32. A suspect is denied food and water to force disclosure. This is:
A) Physical torture
B) Lawful custodial pressure
C) Adjustment technique
D) Threat only
  • 33. A minor is arrested. What must police ensure?
A) No interview allowed
B) Presence of a social worker
C) Immediate confession
D) Suspension of rights
  • 34. Which scenario shows lawful interrogation?
A) Suspect interrogated even after invoking right to silence
B) Private consultation with lawyer prior to questioning
C) Use of intimidation to avoid delays
D) Questioning suspect without counsel but rSuspect interrogated even after ecorded
  • 35. Under RA 9745, who has primary liability for torture?
A) Private institutions only
B) Law enforcement or persons in authority
C) Witnesses
D) Family members
  • 36. A suspect signed a confession after hours of sleep deprivation. Resulting evidence is:
A) Inadmissible due to coercion
B) Admissible due to signature
C) Valid if translated properly
D) Valid if lawyer signs
  • 37. A suspect invokes silence. Investigators continue questioning, pressuring him. What violation occurs?
A) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
B) RA 9745 only
C) RA 7438 only
D) None; silence isn't mandatory
  • 38. Which best applies the right under RA 7438?
A) Delay counsel to secure confession
B) Limit counsel to state-appointed only
C) Provide any lawyer, regardless of consent
D) Advise suspect of rights and allow chosen counsel
  • 39. For documentation under the Anti-Torture Act, which is required?
A) Immediate medical examination of victim
B) Permission from arresting officer
C) Verbal report to media
D) Signed confession only
  • 40. Police enter a house without a warrant after receiving an anonymous tip. No emergency exists. Evidence found is:
A) Inadmissible due to invalid entry
B) Admissible if homeowner absent
C) Valid if recorded on video
D) Admissible if serious crime
  • 41. During a checkpoint, police search a vehicle’s trunk without consent or probable cause. Resulting evidence is:
A) Inadmissible for lack of basis
B) Valid if the driver looks suspicious
C) Admissible only if witness present
D) Valid if contraband is seen
  • 42. A warrant authorizes search of “Juan’s house.” Police also search the neighboring home. This is:
A) Allowed if property is adjacent
B) Valid if related to same suspect
C) Invalid; beyond warrant scope
D) Valid if crime is ongoing
  • 43. Items not listed in a warrant are seized during search. What is required to validate seizure?
A) Items must be uniquely valuable
B) Items must be demanded by complainant
C) Items must be in plain view
D) Items must be tagged immediately
  • 44. A suspect voluntarily allows police to search his car. The search is valid only if:
A) Daytime
B) Lawyer is present
C) Consent is free and informed
D) Signed by barangay officer
  • 45. Police see illegal drugs on a table through an open window. Entry and seizure without a warrant is:
A) Invalid without barangay witness
B) Invalid due to lack of warrant
C) Valid under plain view doctrine
D) Valid only with consent
  • 46. A search warrant issued for “stolen electronics” is used to seize firearms. This seizure is:
A) Valid because weapons are dangerous
B) Valid if same room
C) Valid only if in plain view
D) Automatically invalid
  • 47. A suspect is arrested for theft. Police then search his house without warrant. The search is:
A) Valid search incident to arrest
B) Valid only if victim requests
C) Invalid; arrest doesn’t include home search
D) Valid if evidence is later found
  • 48. A cellphone is seized during legal arrest. To view messages, police must:
A) Ask informant first
B) Obtain warrant
C) Immediately review
D) Forward to prosecutor
  • 49. Warrant must particularly describe:
A) Type of building
B) Reason for search
C) Items OR persons sought
D) Only address of area
  • 50. A judge issues a search warrant for two crimes. Is it valid?
A) Yes if crimes related
B) Yes if signed by prosecutor
C) Valid only in daytime
D) No; must be for one offense
  • 51. A hotel room is searched without a warrant while the guest is inside. No emergency exists. This is:
A) Legal if items are visible
B) Valid if guest is foreign
C) Legal with hotel permission
D) Invalid; privacy applies
  • 52. Evidence seized illegally is:
A) Admissible if confession follows
B) Valid if approved by prosecutor
C) Admissible if relevant
D) Inadmissible
  • 53. Which scenario makes a warrantless arrest valid?
A) Anonymous tip reported crime
B) Suspect previously convicted
C) Crime committed in officer’s presence
D) Suspect found near crime hours later
  • 54. The exclusionary rule provides that:
A) Evidence legally obtained must be returned
B) Only stolen items may be seized
C) Police must always obtain consent
D) Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible
  • 55. Police knock, the resident opens, and illegal items are visible. Seizure without warrant is justified by:
A) Plain view
B) Hot pursuit
C) Protective sweep
D) General warrant
  • 56. A search was done at the correct house but used an expired warrant. Evidence is:
A) Inadmissible
B) Valid if signed by witness
C) Valid if documented
D) Valid due to correct address
  • 57. A warrant is issued by a judge who never personally evaluated evidence. The warrant is:
A) Valid if prosecutor confirmed
B) Valid if offense is serious
C) Invalid; no personal determination
D) Valid if police swore affidavit C. Invalid; no personal
  • 58. A landlord grants police permission to search a tenant’s room. Evidence found is:
A) Valid if crime suspected
B) Valid with witness signatures
C) Invalid; tenant controls privacy
D) Valid; landlord owns property
  • 59. Police trail a suspect and enter his home while in immediate pursuit. Seizure without warrant is:
A) Valid only with barangay chief present
B) Valid if suspect is armed
C) Valid due to hot pursuit doctrine
D) Invalid because house is private
  • 60. A journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
A) Protected speech because official is public figure
B) journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
C) Allowed due to freedom of information
D) Violates right to privacy despite public status
  • 61. Government prohibits a rally due to credible intelligence of imminent violence. Limitation is based on:
A) Prior restraint for national security
B) Privacy of participants
C) Seditious liability only
D) Speech always unrestricted
  • 62. A suspect is forced to answer questions about involvement in a crime. This violates:
A) Freedom of speech
B) Right to privacy
C) Right against self-incrimination
D) Freedom of contract
  • 63. Police search personal files on a phone during arrest without warrant. This violates:
A) Freedom of speech
B) Immunity clause
C) Right to privacy
D) Right to travel
  • 64. A student posts threats online against a classmate. School sanctions are challenged. Decision?
A) Protected speech
B) Exempt if done off-campus
C) Not protected; threats unprotected
D) Protected by privacy rights
  • 65. Which illustrates a valid limitation on freedom of speech?
A) Prohibiting media reporting
B) Banning criticism of officials
C) Censoring academic journals
D) Restricting obscenity distribution
  • 66. A witness refuses to testify about a friend’s criminal act despite not being implicated. Right against self-incrimination:
A) Applies only with counsel
B) Does not apply
C) Applies only in civil cases
D) Applies
  • 67. A homeowner refuses warrantless entry to officers. Officer insists due to “public curiosity.” Decision?
A) Valid only at night
B) Valid; public safety
C) Invalid; privacy violated
D) Valid if neighbors complain
  • 68. A celebrity sues media for photographing him eating in a public plaza. Likely ruling:
A) Violation of privacy rights
B) No violation; no reasonable expectation of privacy
C) Criminal act against free speech
D) Protected against self-incrimination
  • 69. A citizen refuses to provide handwriting sample in a forgery case. This refusal:
A) Protected only with counsel present
B) Not protected; physical evidence
C) Protected unless with warrant
D) Protected; testimonial
  • 70. Government prohibits distribution of pamphlets urging imminent violent uprising. This is based on:
A) Clear and present danger
B) Strict scrutiny
C) Overbreadth doctrine
D) Prior restraint ban
  • 71. A person declines to answer whether he owns a gun, as answer may incriminate him. Validity?
A) Invalid; not in court
B) Invalid if witness present
C) Valid; testimonial link
D) Invalid; weapon is property
  • 72. A school inspects lockers for prohibited items. No consent needed because:
A) Reduced expectation of privacy
B) Academic privilege
C) Right against self-incrimination
D) Freedom of speech
  • 73. A street protest is allowed but regulated to avoid blocking traffic. This is:
A) Prior restraint
B) Overly restrictive
C) Legitimate time-place-manner regulation
D) Censorship
  • 74. A public servant claims privacy to refuse disclosure of SALN. Decision?
A) Automatic exemption
B) Denied; transparency interest
C) Granted if notarized
D) Granted; personal property
  • 75. A suspect voluntarily confesses at police station. He later claims right against self-incrimination was violated. Valid?
A) Yes; counsel always needed
B) No; police can compel silence
C) No; voluntary statements allowed
D) Yes; requires three witnesses
  • 76. A newspaper exposes tax fraud but includes bank PINs of the subject. Analysis:
A) Protected editorial
B) Legal; public concern
C) Allowed under fair comment
D) Illegal; excessive invasion of privacy
  • 77. The right against self-incrimination protects against:
A) Compelled testimonial evidence
B) All physical tests
C) Mandatory registration
D) All searches
  • 78. A blogger encourages peaceful protests. Authorities arrest him for inciting violence. Decision?
A) Valid; all protests can be banned
B) Invalid; no clear danger shown
C) Valid arrest
D) Valid if online
  • 79. A person claims privacy to block investigation of illegal weapons stored at home. Analysis:
A) Privacy yields to lawful warrant
B) Privacy absolute
C) Protected unless public demands
D) Protected if no confession
  • 80. A man is detained without charges. His family wants immediate release. Which remedy applies?
A) Habeas Data
B) Writ of Habeas Corpus
C) Writ of Amparo
D) Mandamus
  • 81. A woman claims unknown men are surveilling her movements after she criticized officials. She petitions to stop the threat. Which writ is proper?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Prohibition
  • 82. Police deny possession of a missing person. Family seeks protection and disclosure of his whereabouts. What is the appropriate remedy?
A) Habeas Corpus only
B) Amparo
C) Injunction
D) Habeas Data only
  • 83. A government agency keeps false information about a citizen affecting his security. Which writ can correct or destroy said data?
A) Habeas Data
B) Prohibition
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 84. A detainee is transferred secretly between facilities to avoid inspection. To compel production of the body, family may file:
A) Prohibition
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Certiorari
D) Amparo
  • 85. Which remedy focuses on the right to life, liberty, and security, regardless of detention status?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Habeas Data
C) Injunction
D) Amparo
  • 86. A private corporation stores an individual’s personal files without consent, affecting his privacy. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Data
B) Prohibition
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 87. A political activist’s location is concealed by authorities. His family wants release and immediate presentation. Which writ is most appropriate?
A) Habeas Data
B) Quo Warranto
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 88. A petitioner seeks to stop harassment and threats despite no detention. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Certiorari
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data only
  • 89. A wrongfully detained citizen requests the court to examine cause of restraint. This describes:
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Quo Warranto
  • 90. Which writ grants access to personal records held by police and permits correction?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Mandamus
  • 91. A human rights worker fears abduction by state agents. Which remedy protects her security?
A) Certiorari
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 92. A soldier in custody is reported dead, but family doubts the claim. They seek to verify and locate him. Remedy?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Mandamus
  • 93. A person under surveillance wants to know what information is being collected by police. Best writ?
A) Mandamus
B) Habeas Data
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 94. . A family wants court protection from threats by unknown armed groups. They do not seek release. What writ?
    L
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Injunction
D) Habeas Data
  • 95. Person held without warrant asks the court to justify the legality of detention.
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Prohibition
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 96. A student believes her personal digital files are tampered with by intelligence units. She requests verification and correction.
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Certiorari
D) Habeas Data
  • 97. Which writ may compel government to investigate threats to a witness’s life?
A) Amparo
B) Quo Warranto
C) Habeas Data
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 98. . A detainee is lawfully restrained but wants access to personal files held by military. Most appropriate writ?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Injunction
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 99. Petitioners allege enforced disappearance by military agents and seek command responsibility. Proper writ?
A) Habeas Data only
B) Habeas Corpus only
C) Injunction
D) Amparo
  • 100. A mother believes her 17-year-old son is being detained in a police substation without charges for more than 48 hours. What is the most appropriate judicial remedy she should immediately pursue?
A) Writ of Amparo
B) Writ of Habeas Data
C) Writ of Habeas Corpus
D) Writ of Kalikasan
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