CLJ2 HREDUC - Quiz
  • 1. A person was dismissed from government service without being informed of the charges. Which constitutional right was violated?
A) Substantive due process
B) Procedural due process
C) Right to speedy disposition
D) Equal protection clause
  • 2. A law prohibits only journalists from criticizing the government. This violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Police power
C) Procedural due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 3. Police arrested a suspect without a warrant and denied him access to counsel. Which is violated?
A) Substantive due process
B) . Bill of Attainder
C) Equal protection clause
D) Procedural due process
  • 4. A city ordinance increases taxes only on students from private universities. This is unconstitutional because:
A) Free speech is restricted
B) Due process is denied
C) Substantive due process is upheld
D) Equal protection is violated
  • 5. Which situation BEST demonstrates substantive due process?
A) Unfair trial procedure
B) Denial of appeal
C) Lack of notice before hearing
D) A law punishing a lawful activity
  • 6. Applying a law only to individuals with a specific surname violates:
A) Ex post facto limitation
B) Substantive due process
C) Procedural due process
D) Equal protection
  • 7. A court admitted evidence obtained illegally. The violation involved:
A) Judicial review
B) Equal protection
C) Procedural due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 8. A suspect claims he was not allowed to defend himself during trial. Which constitutional safeguard supports his claim?
A) Habeas corpus
B) Equal protection
C) Procedural due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 9. . A law allows imprisonment without trial. This shows absence of:
A) Delegated legislation
B) Due process
C) Equal protection
D) Judicial review
  • 10. Government creates a rule that applies equally to all groups unless a valid distinction exists. This reflects:
A) Reverse discrimination
B) Substantive due process
C) Administrative discretion
D) Equal protection of laws
  • 11. To be valid, classification under the equal protection clause must:
A) Promote executive power
B) Be arbitrary
C) Favor majority
D) Be based on reasonable distinction
  • 12. Authorities closed a business without a hearing. What was violated?
A) Substantive due process
B) Bill of Rights
C) Equal protection
D) Procedural due process
  • 13. Law punishing crimes committed before its passage violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Substantive due process
C) Due process only
D) Ex post facto prohibition
  • 14. Equal protection is satisfied when:
A) . It favors the rich
B) . It applies the same to foreigners only
C) Classification is reasonable and applies equally to those similarly situated
D) Majority approves
  • 15. The essence of procedural due process in criminal cases is:
A) Executive intervention
B) Special privilege
C) Right to fair hearing
D) Equal protection
  • 16. A law allows detention based solely on suspicion without hearing. Unconstitutional because it violates:
A) Police power
B) Equal protection
C) Both procedural & substantive due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 17. Which illustrates equal protection in criminal justice?
A) Penalties differ for same crime based on religion
B) Only wealthy accused receive counsel
C) All accused are entitled to the same defenses and penalties
D) Only locals are penalized; tourists are exempt
  • 18. Before license cancellation, the government must notify and hear the driver. This is:
A) Substantive due process
B) Procedural due process
C) Police power
D) Equal protection
  • 19. A law increasing penalties only for a particular ethnic group is invalid due to violation of:
A) Police power
B) Equal protection
C) Procedural due process
D) Separation of powers
  • 20. Substantive due process primarily focuses on:
A) Reasonableness of the law itself C. Court procedure
B) Burden of proof
C) Court procedure
D) Equality of treatment
  • 21. A suspect is interrogated without being informed of his rights. What is the status of his signed confession?
A) Valid only if witnessed by two civilians
B) Admissible if voluntary
C) Acceptable if notarized
D) Inadmissible as evidence
  • 22. Police threaten a suspect with harm unless he confesses. This violates:
A) Neither; threat is allowed
B) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
C) RA 9745 only-begotten
D) RA 7438 only
  • 23. A suspect requests to talk privately with his lawyer, but officers insist to stay nearby. Is this compliant?
A) No; unless recorded
B) Yes, for security reasons
C) No; consultation must be private
D) Yes, if lawyer agrees
  • 24. Officers must inform the suspect of his rights in a language he:
A) Understands
B) Was taught formally
C) Is fluent in only
D) Prefers but must pay for B. Understands
  • 25. A foreign national is arrested. Which is required?
A) Proceed only after bail posting
B) Inform him in local language only
C) Notify embassy or consular office
D) Detain until translator is available, no notice
  • 26. Under RA 9745, forcing a suspect to watch torture of another person is considered:
A) Administrative misconduct only
B) Mental/psychological torture
C) Valid interrogation strategy
D) Not torture
  • 27. Officers interrogate a suspect whose lawyer arrives but is denied access. Statements obtained:
A) Admissible if voluntarily given
B) Valid if recorded
C) Admissible if affirmed in court
D) Inadmissible
  • 28. A suspect is detained secretly without access to family. This violates:
A) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
B) Only RA 7438
C) Only RA 9745
D) Neither
  • 29. Which can legally waive custodial rights?
A) Verbally before investigator
B) By counsel alone
C) By arresting officer certification
D) In writing, in presence of counsel
  • 30. Officers request the suspect to sign an apology letter admitting guilt. The suspect signs. Is this valid?
A) Valid if signed voluntarily before 2 witnesses
B) Yes, even without counsel
C) No; custodial rights violated
D) Yes, if handwritten
  • 31. Under RA 7438, a suspect has the right to communicate with family. This applies:
A) From the moment of arrest
B) After evidence is gathered
C) Only if bail is approved
D) Only after arraignment
  • 32. A suspect is denied food and water to force disclosure. This is:
A) Adjustment technique
B) Threat only
C) Physical torture
D) Lawful custodial pressure
  • 33. A minor is arrested. What must police ensure?
A) Presence of a social worker
B) Immediate confession
C) No interview allowed
D) Suspension of rights
  • 34. Which scenario shows lawful interrogation?
A) Suspect interrogated even after invoking right to silence
B) Use of intimidation to avoid delays
C) Questioning suspect without counsel but rSuspect interrogated even after ecorded
D) Private consultation with lawyer prior to questioning
  • 35. Under RA 9745, who has primary liability for torture?
A) Private institutions only
B) Law enforcement or persons in authority
C) Witnesses
D) Family members
  • 36. A suspect signed a confession after hours of sleep deprivation. Resulting evidence is:
A) Valid if lawyer signs
B) Admissible due to signature
C) Inadmissible due to coercion
D) Valid if translated properly
  • 37. A suspect invokes silence. Investigators continue questioning, pressuring him. What violation occurs?
A) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
B) RA 9745 only
C) RA 7438 only
D) None; silence isn't mandatory
  • 38. Which best applies the right under RA 7438?
A) Provide any lawyer, regardless of consent
B) Advise suspect of rights and allow chosen counsel
C) Delay counsel to secure confession
D) Limit counsel to state-appointed only
  • 39. For documentation under the Anti-Torture Act, which is required?
A) Immediate medical examination of victim
B) Signed confession only
C) Verbal report to media
D) Permission from arresting officer
  • 40. Police enter a house without a warrant after receiving an anonymous tip. No emergency exists. Evidence found is:
A) Admissible if homeowner absent
B) Inadmissible due to invalid entry
C) Valid if recorded on video
D) Admissible if serious crime
  • 41. During a checkpoint, police search a vehicle’s trunk without consent or probable cause. Resulting evidence is:
A) Valid if the driver looks suspicious
B) Inadmissible for lack of basis
C) Admissible only if witness present
D) Valid if contraband is seen
  • 42. A warrant authorizes search of “Juan’s house.” Police also search the neighboring home. This is:
A) Valid if related to same suspect
B) Invalid; beyond warrant scope
C) Valid if crime is ongoing
D) Allowed if property is adjacent
  • 43. Items not listed in a warrant are seized during search. What is required to validate seizure?
A) Items must be tagged immediately
B) Items must be demanded by complainant
C) Items must be in plain view
D) Items must be uniquely valuable
  • 44. A suspect voluntarily allows police to search his car. The search is valid only if:
A) Signed by barangay officer
B) Lawyer is present
C) Consent is free and informed
D) Daytime
  • 45. Police see illegal drugs on a table through an open window. Entry and seizure without a warrant is:
A) Invalid due to lack of warrant
B) Valid under plain view doctrine
C) Valid only with consent
D) Invalid without barangay witness
  • 46. A search warrant issued for “stolen electronics” is used to seize firearms. This seizure is:
A) Valid because weapons are dangerous
B) Automatically invalid
C) Valid if same room
D) Valid only if in plain view
  • 47. A suspect is arrested for theft. Police then search his house without warrant. The search is:
A) Valid only if victim requests
B) Valid if evidence is later found
C) Valid search incident to arrest
D) Invalid; arrest doesn’t include home search
  • 48. A cellphone is seized during legal arrest. To view messages, police must:
A) Ask informant first
B) Immediately review
C) Forward to prosecutor
D) Obtain warrant
  • 49. Warrant must particularly describe:
A) Type of building
B) Items OR persons sought
C) Only address of area
D) Reason for search
  • 50. A judge issues a search warrant for two crimes. Is it valid?
A) Valid only in daytime
B) Yes if crimes related
C) Yes if signed by prosecutor
D) No; must be for one offense
  • 51. A hotel room is searched without a warrant while the guest is inside. No emergency exists. This is:
A) Valid if guest is foreign
B) Legal with hotel permission
C) Invalid; privacy applies
D) Legal if items are visible
  • 52. Evidence seized illegally is:
A) Valid if approved by prosecutor
B) Admissible if relevant
C) Admissible if confession follows
D) Inadmissible
  • 53. Which scenario makes a warrantless arrest valid?
A) Crime committed in officer’s presence
B) Suspect previously convicted
C) Suspect found near crime hours later
D) Anonymous tip reported crime
  • 54. The exclusionary rule provides that:
A) Police must always obtain consent
B) Only stolen items may be seized
C) Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible
D) Evidence legally obtained must be returned
  • 55. Police knock, the resident opens, and illegal items are visible. Seizure without warrant is justified by:
A) Plain view
B) Hot pursuit
C) General warrant
D) Protective sweep
  • 56. A search was done at the correct house but used an expired warrant. Evidence is:
A) Valid if signed by witness
B) Valid due to correct address
C) Valid if documented
D) Inadmissible
  • 57. A warrant is issued by a judge who never personally evaluated evidence. The warrant is:
A) Valid if police swore affidavit C. Invalid; no personal
B) Valid if offense is serious
C) Valid if prosecutor confirmed
D) Invalid; no personal determination
  • 58. A landlord grants police permission to search a tenant’s room. Evidence found is:
A) Valid with witness signatures
B) Valid; landlord owns property
C) Invalid; tenant controls privacy
D) Valid if crime suspected
  • 59. Police trail a suspect and enter his home while in immediate pursuit. Seizure without warrant is:
A) Valid due to hot pursuit doctrine
B) Valid if suspect is armed
C) Valid only with barangay chief present
D) Invalid because house is private
  • 60. A journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
A) journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
B) Protected speech because official is public figure
C) Allowed due to freedom of information
D) Violates right to privacy despite public status
  • 61. Government prohibits a rally due to credible intelligence of imminent violence. Limitation is based on:
A) Privacy of participants
B) Prior restraint for national security
C) Speech always unrestricted
D) Seditious liability only
  • 62. A suspect is forced to answer questions about involvement in a crime. This violates:
A) Freedom of contract
B) Right to privacy
C) Right against self-incrimination
D) Freedom of speech
  • 63. Police search personal files on a phone during arrest without warrant. This violates:
A) Right to travel
B) Immunity clause
C) Right to privacy
D) Freedom of speech
  • 64. A student posts threats online against a classmate. School sanctions are challenged. Decision?
A) Exempt if done off-campus
B) Not protected; threats unprotected
C) Protected by privacy rights
D) Protected speech
  • 65. Which illustrates a valid limitation on freedom of speech?
A) Censoring academic journals
B) Restricting obscenity distribution
C) Banning criticism of officials
D) Prohibiting media reporting
  • 66. A witness refuses to testify about a friend’s criminal act despite not being implicated. Right against self-incrimination:
A) Applies
B) Applies only with counsel
C) Applies only in civil cases
D) Does not apply
  • 67. A homeowner refuses warrantless entry to officers. Officer insists due to “public curiosity.” Decision?
A) Valid; public safety
B) Valid only at night
C) Valid if neighbors complain
D) Invalid; privacy violated
  • 68. A celebrity sues media for photographing him eating in a public plaza. Likely ruling:
A) Protected against self-incrimination
B) Criminal act against free speech
C) No violation; no reasonable expectation of privacy
D) Violation of privacy rights
  • 69. A citizen refuses to provide handwriting sample in a forgery case. This refusal:
A) Protected only with counsel present
B) Protected unless with warrant
C) Not protected; physical evidence
D) Protected; testimonial
  • 70. Government prohibits distribution of pamphlets urging imminent violent uprising. This is based on:
A) Strict scrutiny
B) Clear and present danger
C) Overbreadth doctrine
D) Prior restraint ban
  • 71. A person declines to answer whether he owns a gun, as answer may incriminate him. Validity?
A) Valid; testimonial link
B) Invalid; not in court
C) Invalid if witness present
D) Invalid; weapon is property
  • 72. A school inspects lockers for prohibited items. No consent needed because:
A) Freedom of speech
B) Reduced expectation of privacy
C) Right against self-incrimination
D) Academic privilege
  • 73. A street protest is allowed but regulated to avoid blocking traffic. This is:
A) Overly restrictive
B) Prior restraint
C) Censorship
D) Legitimate time-place-manner regulation
  • 74. A public servant claims privacy to refuse disclosure of SALN. Decision?
A) Automatic exemption
B) Granted if notarized
C) Granted; personal property
D) Denied; transparency interest
  • 75. A suspect voluntarily confesses at police station. He later claims right against self-incrimination was violated. Valid?
A) Yes; requires three witnesses
B) No; police can compel silence
C) Yes; counsel always needed
D) No; voluntary statements allowed
  • 76. A newspaper exposes tax fraud but includes bank PINs of the subject. Analysis:
A) Allowed under fair comment
B) Legal; public concern
C) Illegal; excessive invasion of privacy
D) Protected editorial
  • 77. The right against self-incrimination protects against:
A) Compelled testimonial evidence
B) All physical tests
C) All searches
D) Mandatory registration
  • 78. A blogger encourages peaceful protests. Authorities arrest him for inciting violence. Decision?
A) Invalid; no clear danger shown
B) Valid if online
C) Valid arrest
D) Valid; all protests can be banned
  • 79. A person claims privacy to block investigation of illegal weapons stored at home. Analysis:
A) Protected if no confession
B) Protected unless public demands
C) Privacy yields to lawful warrant
D) Privacy absolute
  • 80. A man is detained without charges. His family wants immediate release. Which remedy applies?
A) Mandamus
B) Writ of Habeas Corpus
C) Writ of Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 81. A woman claims unknown men are surveilling her movements after she criticized officials. She petitions to stop the threat. Which writ is proper?
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Prohibition
  • 82. Police deny possession of a missing person. Family seeks protection and disclosure of his whereabouts. What is the appropriate remedy?
A) Habeas Corpus only
B) Injunction
C) Habeas Data only
D) Amparo
  • 83. A government agency keeps false information about a citizen affecting his security. Which writ can correct or destroy said data?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Prohibition
  • 84. A detainee is transferred secretly between facilities to avoid inspection. To compel production of the body, family may file:
A) Certiorari
B) Prohibition
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 85. Which remedy focuses on the right to life, liberty, and security, regardless of detention status?
A) Injunction
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 86. A private corporation stores an individual’s personal files without consent, affecting his privacy. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Prohibition
D) Habeas Data
  • 87. A political activist’s location is concealed by authorities. His family wants release and immediate presentation. Which writ is most appropriate?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Quo Warranto
  • 88. A petitioner seeks to stop harassment and threats despite no detention. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Certiorari
C) Habeas Data only
D) Amparo
  • 89. A wrongfully detained citizen requests the court to examine cause of restraint. This describes:
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Quo Warranto
  • 90. Which writ grants access to personal records held by police and permits correction?
A) Habeas Data
B) Mandamus
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 91. A human rights worker fears abduction by state agents. Which remedy protects her security?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Certiorari
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 92. A soldier in custody is reported dead, but family doubts the claim. They seek to verify and locate him. Remedy?
A) Mandamus
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 93. A person under surveillance wants to know what information is being collected by police. Best writ?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Mandamus
D) Habeas Data
  • 94. . A family wants court protection from threats by unknown armed groups. They do not seek release. What writ?
    L
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Injunction
D) Amparo
  • 95. Person held without warrant asks the court to justify the legality of detention.
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Prohibition
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 96. A student believes her personal digital files are tampered with by intelligence units. She requests verification and correction.
A) Certiorari
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 97. Which writ may compel government to investigate threats to a witness’s life?
A) Quo Warranto
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 98. . A detainee is lawfully restrained but wants access to personal files held by military. Most appropriate writ?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Injunction
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 99. Petitioners allege enforced disappearance by military agents and seek command responsibility. Proper writ?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus only
C) Habeas Data only
D) Injunction
  • 100. A mother believes her 17-year-old son is being detained in a police substation without charges for more than 48 hours. What is the most appropriate judicial remedy she should immediately pursue?
A) Writ of Kalikasan
B) Writ of Habeas Corpus
C) Writ of Habeas Data
D) Writ of Amparo
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