CLJ2 HREDUC
  • 1. A person was dismissed from government service without being informed of the charges. Which constitutional right was violated?
A) Procedural due process
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection clause
D) Right to speedy disposition
  • 2. A law prohibits only journalists from criticizing the government. This violates:
A) Substantive due process
B) Police power
C) Procedural due process
D) Equal protection
  • 3. Police arrested a suspect without a warrant and denied him access to counsel. Which is violated?
A) Procedural due process
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection clause
D) . Bill of Attainder
  • 4. A city ordinance increases taxes only on students from private universities. This is unconstitutional because:
A) Equal protection is violated
B) Substantive due process is upheld
C) Free speech is restricted
D) Due process is denied
  • 5. Which situation BEST demonstrates substantive due process?
A) Unfair trial procedure
B) Denial of appeal
C) Lack of notice before hearing
D) A law punishing a lawful activity
  • 6. Applying a law only to individuals with a specific surname violates:
A) Ex post facto limitation
B) Equal protection
C) Substantive due process
D) Procedural due process
  • 7. A court admitted evidence obtained illegally. The violation involved:
A) Substantive due process
B) Procedural due process
C) Judicial review
D) Equal protection
  • 8. A suspect claims he was not allowed to defend himself during trial. Which constitutional safeguard supports his claim?
A) Habeas corpus
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection
D) Procedural due process
  • 9. . A law allows imprisonment without trial. This shows absence of:
A) Delegated legislation
B) Due process
C) Judicial review
D) Equal protection
  • 10. Government creates a rule that applies equally to all groups unless a valid distinction exists. This reflects:
A) Substantive due process
B) Administrative discretion
C) Equal protection of laws
D) Reverse discrimination
  • 11. To be valid, classification under the equal protection clause must:
A) Favor majority
B) Be arbitrary
C) Be based on reasonable distinction
D) Promote executive power
  • 12. Authorities closed a business without a hearing. What was violated?
A) Substantive due process
B) Equal protection
C) Procedural due process
D) Bill of Rights
  • 13. Law punishing crimes committed before its passage violates:
A) Ex post facto prohibition
B) Equal protection
C) Substantive due process
D) Due process only
  • 14. Equal protection is satisfied when:
A) Majority approves
B) . It favors the rich
C) Classification is reasonable and applies equally to those similarly situated
D) . It applies the same to foreigners only
  • 15. The essence of procedural due process in criminal cases is:
A) Executive intervention
B) Right to fair hearing
C) Equal protection
D) Special privilege
  • 16. A law allows detention based solely on suspicion without hearing. Unconstitutional because it violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Police power
C) Substantive due process
D) Both procedural & substantive due process
  • 17. Which illustrates equal protection in criminal justice?
A) Only locals are penalized; tourists are exempt
B) Penalties differ for same crime based on religion
C) All accused are entitled to the same defenses and penalties
D) Only wealthy accused receive counsel
  • 18. Before license cancellation, the government must notify and hear the driver. This is:
A) Police power
B) Substantive due process
C) Procedural due process
D) Equal protection
  • 19. A law increasing penalties only for a particular ethnic group is invalid due to violation of:
A) Equal protection
B) Procedural due process
C) Police power
D) Separation of powers
  • 20. Substantive due process primarily focuses on:
A) Burden of proof
B) Reasonableness of the law itself C. Court procedure
C) Equality of treatment
D) Court procedure
  • 21. A suspect is interrogated without being informed of his rights. What is the status of his signed confession?
A) Admissible if voluntary
B) Valid only if witnessed by two civilians
C) Inadmissible as evidence
D) Acceptable if notarized
  • 22. Police threaten a suspect with harm unless he confesses. This violates:
A) Neither; threat is allowed
B) RA 9745 only-begotten
C) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
D) RA 7438 only
  • 23. A suspect requests to talk privately with his lawyer, but officers insist to stay nearby. Is this compliant?
A) No; unless recorded
B) No; consultation must be private
C) Yes, for security reasons
D) Yes, if lawyer agrees
  • 24. Officers must inform the suspect of his rights in a language he:
A) Prefers but must pay for B. Understands
B) Understands
C) Was taught formally
D) Is fluent in only
  • 25. A foreign national is arrested. Which is required?
A) Notify embassy or consular office
B) Detain until translator is available, no notice
C) Proceed only after bail posting
D) Inform him in local language only
  • 26. Under RA 9745, forcing a suspect to watch torture of another person is considered:
A) Not torture
B) Mental/psychological torture
C) Valid interrogation strategy
D) Administrative misconduct only
  • 27. Officers interrogate a suspect whose lawyer arrives but is denied access. Statements obtained:
A) Admissible if voluntarily given
B) Admissible if affirmed in court
C) Inadmissible
D) Valid if recorded
  • 28. A suspect is detained secretly without access to family. This violates:
A) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
B) Only RA 7438
C) Neither
D) Only RA 9745
  • 29. Which can legally waive custodial rights?
A) In writing, in presence of counsel
B) By counsel alone
C) Verbally before investigator
D) By arresting officer certification
  • 30. Officers request the suspect to sign an apology letter admitting guilt. The suspect signs. Is this valid?
A) No; custodial rights violated
B) Valid if signed voluntarily before 2 witnesses
C) Yes, if handwritten
D) Yes, even without counsel
  • 31. Under RA 7438, a suspect has the right to communicate with family. This applies:
A) Only after arraignment
B) From the moment of arrest
C) Only if bail is approved
D) After evidence is gathered
  • 32. A suspect is denied food and water to force disclosure. This is:
A) Adjustment technique
B) Threat only
C) Lawful custodial pressure
D) Physical torture
  • 33. A minor is arrested. What must police ensure?
A) Presence of a social worker
B) Suspension of rights
C) Immediate confession
D) No interview allowed
  • 34. Which scenario shows lawful interrogation?
A) Suspect interrogated even after invoking right to silence
B) Private consultation with lawyer prior to questioning
C) Use of intimidation to avoid delays
D) Questioning suspect without counsel but rSuspect interrogated even after ecorded
  • 35. Under RA 9745, who has primary liability for torture?
A) Witnesses
B) Law enforcement or persons in authority
C) Private institutions only
D) Family members
  • 36. A suspect signed a confession after hours of sleep deprivation. Resulting evidence is:
A) Valid if translated properly
B) Admissible due to signature
C) Inadmissible due to coercion
D) Valid if lawyer signs
  • 37. A suspect invokes silence. Investigators continue questioning, pressuring him. What violation occurs?
A) RA 7438 only
B) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
C) None; silence isn't mandatory
D) RA 9745 only
  • 38. Which best applies the right under RA 7438?
A) Advise suspect of rights and allow chosen counsel
B) Provide any lawyer, regardless of consent
C) Delay counsel to secure confession
D) Limit counsel to state-appointed only
  • 39. For documentation under the Anti-Torture Act, which is required?
A) Signed confession only
B) Permission from arresting officer
C) Verbal report to media
D) Immediate medical examination of victim
  • 40. Police enter a house without a warrant after receiving an anonymous tip. No emergency exists. Evidence found is:
A) Inadmissible due to invalid entry
B) Valid if recorded on video
C) Admissible if homeowner absent
D) Admissible if serious crime
  • 41. During a checkpoint, police search a vehicle’s trunk without consent or probable cause. Resulting evidence is:
A) Admissible only if witness present
B) Valid if the driver looks suspicious
C) Valid if contraband is seen
D) Inadmissible for lack of basis
  • 42. A warrant authorizes search of “Juan’s house.” Police also search the neighboring home. This is:
A) Invalid; beyond warrant scope
B) Allowed if property is adjacent
C) Valid if crime is ongoing
D) Valid if related to same suspect
  • 43. Items not listed in a warrant are seized during search. What is required to validate seizure?
A) Items must be uniquely valuable
B) Items must be in plain view
C) Items must be tagged immediately
D) Items must be demanded by complainant
  • 44. A suspect voluntarily allows police to search his car. The search is valid only if:
A) Signed by barangay officer
B) Lawyer is present
C) Daytime
D) Consent is free and informed
  • 45. Police see illegal drugs on a table through an open window. Entry and seizure without a warrant is:
A) Valid only with consent
B) Invalid without barangay witness
C) Invalid due to lack of warrant
D) Valid under plain view doctrine
  • 46. A search warrant issued for “stolen electronics” is used to seize firearms. This seizure is:
A) Valid only if in plain view
B) Automatically invalid
C) Valid if same room
D) Valid because weapons are dangerous
  • 47. A suspect is arrested for theft. Police then search his house without warrant. The search is:
A) Valid if evidence is later found
B) Valid search incident to arrest
C) Valid only if victim requests
D) Invalid; arrest doesn’t include home search
  • 48. A cellphone is seized during legal arrest. To view messages, police must:
A) Obtain warrant
B) Ask informant first
C) Forward to prosecutor
D) Immediately review
  • 49. Warrant must particularly describe:
A) Items OR persons sought
B) Type of building
C) Reason for search
D) Only address of area
  • 50. A judge issues a search warrant for two crimes. Is it valid?
A) Yes if crimes related
B) Yes if signed by prosecutor
C) Valid only in daytime
D) No; must be for one offense
  • 51. A hotel room is searched without a warrant while the guest is inside. No emergency exists. This is:
A) Legal if items are visible
B) Valid if guest is foreign
C) Invalid; privacy applies
D) Legal with hotel permission
  • 52. Evidence seized illegally is:
A) Inadmissible
B) Valid if approved by prosecutor
C) Admissible if relevant
D) Admissible if confession follows
  • 53. Which scenario makes a warrantless arrest valid?
A) Crime committed in officer’s presence
B) Anonymous tip reported crime
C) Suspect previously convicted
D) Suspect found near crime hours later
  • 54. The exclusionary rule provides that:
A) Evidence legally obtained must be returned
B) Only stolen items may be seized
C) Police must always obtain consent
D) Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible
  • 55. Police knock, the resident opens, and illegal items are visible. Seizure without warrant is justified by:
A) Protective sweep
B) General warrant
C) Plain view
D) Hot pursuit
  • 56. A search was done at the correct house but used an expired warrant. Evidence is:
A) Valid if signed by witness
B) Valid due to correct address
C) Inadmissible
D) Valid if documented
  • 57. A warrant is issued by a judge who never personally evaluated evidence. The warrant is:
A) Valid if prosecutor confirmed
B) Valid if offense is serious
C) Invalid; no personal determination
D) Valid if police swore affidavit C. Invalid; no personal
  • 58. A landlord grants police permission to search a tenant’s room. Evidence found is:
A) Valid with witness signatures
B) Valid if crime suspected
C) Invalid; tenant controls privacy
D) Valid; landlord owns property
  • 59. Police trail a suspect and enter his home while in immediate pursuit. Seizure without warrant is:
A) Valid if suspect is armed
B) Valid only with barangay chief present
C) Invalid because house is private
D) Valid due to hot pursuit doctrine
  • 60. A journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
A) journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
B) Protected speech because official is public figure
C) Violates right to privacy despite public status
D) Allowed due to freedom of information
  • 61. Government prohibits a rally due to credible intelligence of imminent violence. Limitation is based on:
A) Prior restraint for national security
B) Seditious liability only
C) Speech always unrestricted
D) Privacy of participants
  • 62. A suspect is forced to answer questions about involvement in a crime. This violates:
A) Freedom of contract
B) Freedom of speech
C) Right to privacy
D) Right against self-incrimination
  • 63. Police search personal files on a phone during arrest without warrant. This violates:
A) Immunity clause
B) Right to travel
C) Freedom of speech
D) Right to privacy
  • 64. A student posts threats online against a classmate. School sanctions are challenged. Decision?
A) Protected by privacy rights
B) Not protected; threats unprotected
C) Protected speech
D) Exempt if done off-campus
  • 65. Which illustrates a valid limitation on freedom of speech?
A) Censoring academic journals
B) Banning criticism of officials
C) Restricting obscenity distribution
D) Prohibiting media reporting
  • 66. A witness refuses to testify about a friend’s criminal act despite not being implicated. Right against self-incrimination:
A) Applies only with counsel
B) Applies
C) Does not apply
D) Applies only in civil cases
  • 67. A homeowner refuses warrantless entry to officers. Officer insists due to “public curiosity.” Decision?
A) Valid; public safety
B) Valid if neighbors complain
C) Invalid; privacy violated
D) Valid only at night
  • 68. A celebrity sues media for photographing him eating in a public plaza. Likely ruling:
A) Violation of privacy rights
B) Criminal act against free speech
C) Protected against self-incrimination
D) No violation; no reasonable expectation of privacy
  • 69. A citizen refuses to provide handwriting sample in a forgery case. This refusal:
A) Protected only with counsel present
B) Not protected; physical evidence
C) Protected unless with warrant
D) Protected; testimonial
  • 70. Government prohibits distribution of pamphlets urging imminent violent uprising. This is based on:
A) Prior restraint ban
B) Clear and present danger
C) Strict scrutiny
D) Overbreadth doctrine
  • 71. A person declines to answer whether he owns a gun, as answer may incriminate him. Validity?
A) Invalid; not in court
B) Invalid; weapon is property
C) Invalid if witness present
D) Valid; testimonial link
  • 72. A school inspects lockers for prohibited items. No consent needed because:
A) Freedom of speech
B) Right against self-incrimination
C) Academic privilege
D) Reduced expectation of privacy
  • 73. A street protest is allowed but regulated to avoid blocking traffic. This is:
A) Censorship
B) Overly restrictive
C) Prior restraint
D) Legitimate time-place-manner regulation
  • 74. A public servant claims privacy to refuse disclosure of SALN. Decision?
A) Granted; personal property
B) Denied; transparency interest
C) Automatic exemption
D) Granted if notarized
  • 75. A suspect voluntarily confesses at police station. He later claims right against self-incrimination was violated. Valid?
A) Yes; requires three witnesses
B) Yes; counsel always needed
C) No; police can compel silence
D) No; voluntary statements allowed
  • 76. A newspaper exposes tax fraud but includes bank PINs of the subject. Analysis:
A) Allowed under fair comment
B) Legal; public concern
C) Protected editorial
D) Illegal; excessive invasion of privacy
  • 77. The right against self-incrimination protects against:
A) All physical tests
B) All searches
C) Mandatory registration
D) Compelled testimonial evidence
  • 78. A blogger encourages peaceful protests. Authorities arrest him for inciting violence. Decision?
A) Valid arrest
B) Valid; all protests can be banned
C) Invalid; no clear danger shown
D) Valid if online
  • 79. A person claims privacy to block investigation of illegal weapons stored at home. Analysis:
A) Protected if no confession
B) Privacy yields to lawful warrant
C) Privacy absolute
D) Protected unless public demands
  • 80. A man is detained without charges. His family wants immediate release. Which remedy applies?
A) Habeas Data
B) Writ of Habeas Corpus
C) Mandamus
D) Writ of Amparo
  • 81. A woman claims unknown men are surveilling her movements after she criticized officials. She petitions to stop the threat. Which writ is proper?
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Prohibition
  • 82. Police deny possession of a missing person. Family seeks protection and disclosure of his whereabouts. What is the appropriate remedy?
A) Habeas Corpus only
B) Injunction
C) Habeas Data only
D) Amparo
  • 83. A government agency keeps false information about a citizen affecting his security. Which writ can correct or destroy said data?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Prohibition
  • 84. A detainee is transferred secretly between facilities to avoid inspection. To compel production of the body, family may file:
A) Prohibition
B) Amparo
C) Certiorari
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 85. Which remedy focuses on the right to life, liberty, and security, regardless of detention status?
A) Injunction
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 86. A private corporation stores an individual’s personal files without consent, affecting his privacy. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Prohibition
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 87. A political activist’s location is concealed by authorities. His family wants release and immediate presentation. Which writ is most appropriate?
A) Habeas Data
B) Quo Warranto
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 88. A petitioner seeks to stop harassment and threats despite no detention. Which writ applies?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data only
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Certiorari
  • 89. A wrongfully detained citizen requests the court to examine cause of restraint. This describes:
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Quo Warranto
  • 90. Which writ grants access to personal records held by police and permits correction?
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Mandamus
  • 91. A human rights worker fears abduction by state agents. Which remedy protects her security?
A) Amparo
B) Certiorari
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 92. A soldier in custody is reported dead, but family doubts the claim. They seek to verify and locate him. Remedy?
A) Mandamus
B) Habeas Data
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 93. A person under surveillance wants to know what information is being collected by police. Best writ?
A) Mandamus
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 94. . A family wants court protection from threats by unknown armed groups. They do not seek release. What writ?
    L
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Injunction
D) Amparo
  • 95. Person held without warrant asks the court to justify the legality of detention.
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Prohibition
  • 96. A student believes her personal digital files are tampered with by intelligence units. She requests verification and correction.
A) Habeas Data
B) Certiorari
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 97. Which writ may compel government to investigate threats to a witness’s life?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Quo Warranto
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 98. . A detainee is lawfully restrained but wants access to personal files held by military. Most appropriate writ?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Injunction
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 99. Petitioners allege enforced disappearance by military agents and seek command responsibility. Proper writ?
A) Injunction
B) Habeas Data only
C) Habeas Corpus only
D) Amparo
  • 100. A mother believes her 17-year-old son is being detained in a police substation without charges for more than 48 hours. What is the most appropriate judicial remedy she should immediately pursue?
A) Writ of Kalikasan
B) Writ of Amparo
C) Writ of Habeas Corpus
D) Writ of Habeas Data
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