CLJ2 HREDUC
  • 1. A person was dismissed from government service without being informed of the charges. Which constitutional right was violated?
A) Substantive due process
B) Equal protection clause
C) Right to speedy disposition
D) Procedural due process
  • 2. A law prohibits only journalists from criticizing the government. This violates:
A) Substantive due process
B) Procedural due process
C) Equal protection
D) Police power
  • 3. Police arrested a suspect without a warrant and denied him access to counsel. Which is violated?
A) Equal protection clause
B) Substantive due process
C) Procedural due process
D) . Bill of Attainder
  • 4. A city ordinance increases taxes only on students from private universities. This is unconstitutional because:
A) Substantive due process is upheld
B) Equal protection is violated
C) Free speech is restricted
D) Due process is denied
  • 5. Which situation BEST demonstrates substantive due process?
A) Denial of appeal
B) A law punishing a lawful activity
C) Lack of notice before hearing
D) Unfair trial procedure
  • 6. Applying a law only to individuals with a specific surname violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Substantive due process
C) Procedural due process
D) Ex post facto limitation
  • 7. A court admitted evidence obtained illegally. The violation involved:
A) Substantive due process
B) Equal protection
C) Judicial review
D) Procedural due process
  • 8. A suspect claims he was not allowed to defend himself during trial. Which constitutional safeguard supports his claim?
A) Equal protection
B) Substantive due process
C) Habeas corpus
D) Procedural due process
  • 9. . A law allows imprisonment without trial. This shows absence of:
A) Delegated legislation
B) Due process
C) Judicial review
D) Equal protection
  • 10. Government creates a rule that applies equally to all groups unless a valid distinction exists. This reflects:
A) Equal protection of laws
B) Administrative discretion
C) Reverse discrimination
D) Substantive due process
  • 11. To be valid, classification under the equal protection clause must:
A) Be based on reasonable distinction
B) Favor majority
C) Be arbitrary
D) Promote executive power
  • 12. Authorities closed a business without a hearing. What was violated?
A) Bill of Rights
B) Substantive due process
C) Procedural due process
D) Equal protection
  • 13. Law punishing crimes committed before its passage violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Substantive due process
C) Due process only
D) Ex post facto prohibition
  • 14. Equal protection is satisfied when:
A) Classification is reasonable and applies equally to those similarly situated
B) . It applies the same to foreigners only
C) Majority approves
D) . It favors the rich
  • 15. The essence of procedural due process in criminal cases is:
A) Executive intervention
B) Equal protection
C) Special privilege
D) Right to fair hearing
  • 16. A law allows detention based solely on suspicion without hearing. Unconstitutional because it violates:
A) Substantive due process
B) Equal protection
C) Police power
D) Both procedural & substantive due process
  • 17. Which illustrates equal protection in criminal justice?
A) All accused are entitled to the same defenses and penalties
B) Penalties differ for same crime based on religion
C) Only locals are penalized; tourists are exempt
D) Only wealthy accused receive counsel
  • 18. Before license cancellation, the government must notify and hear the driver. This is:
A) Equal protection
B) Police power
C) Procedural due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 19. A law increasing penalties only for a particular ethnic group is invalid due to violation of:
A) Equal protection
B) Procedural due process
C) Police power
D) Separation of powers
  • 20. Substantive due process primarily focuses on:
A) Court procedure
B) Reasonableness of the law itself C. Court procedure
C) Equality of treatment
D) Burden of proof
  • 21. A suspect is interrogated without being informed of his rights. What is the status of his signed confession?
A) Valid only if witnessed by two civilians
B) Admissible if voluntary
C) Inadmissible as evidence
D) Acceptable if notarized
  • 22. Police threaten a suspect with harm unless he confesses. This violates:
A) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
B) Neither; threat is allowed
C) RA 9745 only-begotten
D) RA 7438 only
  • 23. A suspect requests to talk privately with his lawyer, but officers insist to stay nearby. Is this compliant?
A) No; consultation must be private
B) No; unless recorded
C) Yes, if lawyer agrees
D) Yes, for security reasons
  • 24. Officers must inform the suspect of his rights in a language he:
A) Was taught formally
B) Understands
C) Prefers but must pay for B. Understands
D) Is fluent in only
  • 25. A foreign national is arrested. Which is required?
A) Proceed only after bail posting
B) Notify embassy or consular office
C) Inform him in local language only
D) Detain until translator is available, no notice
  • 26. Under RA 9745, forcing a suspect to watch torture of another person is considered:
A) Not torture
B) Administrative misconduct only
C) Valid interrogation strategy
D) Mental/psychological torture
  • 27. Officers interrogate a suspect whose lawyer arrives but is denied access. Statements obtained:
A) Admissible if affirmed in court
B) Inadmissible
C) Admissible if voluntarily given
D) Valid if recorded
  • 28. A suspect is detained secretly without access to family. This violates:
A) Only RA 7438
B) Neither
C) Only RA 9745
D) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
  • 29. Which can legally waive custodial rights?
A) By counsel alone
B) In writing, in presence of counsel
C) Verbally before investigator
D) By arresting officer certification
  • 30. Officers request the suspect to sign an apology letter admitting guilt. The suspect signs. Is this valid?
A) Valid if signed voluntarily before 2 witnesses
B) Yes, if handwritten
C) No; custodial rights violated
D) Yes, even without counsel
  • 31. Under RA 7438, a suspect has the right to communicate with family. This applies:
A) Only if bail is approved
B) Only after arraignment
C) From the moment of arrest
D) After evidence is gathered
  • 32. A suspect is denied food and water to force disclosure. This is:
A) Threat only
B) Lawful custodial pressure
C) Physical torture
D) Adjustment technique
  • 33. A minor is arrested. What must police ensure?
A) Presence of a social worker
B) No interview allowed
C) Suspension of rights
D) Immediate confession
  • 34. Which scenario shows lawful interrogation?
A) Questioning suspect without counsel but rSuspect interrogated even after ecorded
B) Use of intimidation to avoid delays
C) Suspect interrogated even after invoking right to silence
D) Private consultation with lawyer prior to questioning
  • 35. Under RA 9745, who has primary liability for torture?
A) Witnesses
B) Private institutions only
C) Family members
D) Law enforcement or persons in authority
  • 36. A suspect signed a confession after hours of sleep deprivation. Resulting evidence is:
A) Admissible due to signature
B) Inadmissible due to coercion
C) Valid if lawyer signs
D) Valid if translated properly
  • 37. A suspect invokes silence. Investigators continue questioning, pressuring him. What violation occurs?
A) None; silence isn't mandatory
B) RA 9745 only
C) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
D) RA 7438 only
  • 38. Which best applies the right under RA 7438?
A) Provide any lawyer, regardless of consent
B) Delay counsel to secure confession
C) Advise suspect of rights and allow chosen counsel
D) Limit counsel to state-appointed only
  • 39. For documentation under the Anti-Torture Act, which is required?
A) Signed confession only
B) Permission from arresting officer
C) Verbal report to media
D) Immediate medical examination of victim
  • 40. Police enter a house without a warrant after receiving an anonymous tip. No emergency exists. Evidence found is:
A) Admissible if serious crime
B) Inadmissible due to invalid entry
C) Valid if recorded on video
D) Admissible if homeowner absent
  • 41. During a checkpoint, police search a vehicle’s trunk without consent or probable cause. Resulting evidence is:
A) Valid if contraband is seen
B) Valid if the driver looks suspicious
C) Inadmissible for lack of basis
D) Admissible only if witness present
  • 42. A warrant authorizes search of “Juan’s house.” Police also search the neighboring home. This is:
A) Invalid; beyond warrant scope
B) Allowed if property is adjacent
C) Valid if crime is ongoing
D) Valid if related to same suspect
  • 43. Items not listed in a warrant are seized during search. What is required to validate seizure?
A) Items must be in plain view
B) Items must be tagged immediately
C) Items must be demanded by complainant
D) Items must be uniquely valuable
  • 44. A suspect voluntarily allows police to search his car. The search is valid only if:
A) Signed by barangay officer
B) Daytime
C) Consent is free and informed
D) Lawyer is present
  • 45. Police see illegal drugs on a table through an open window. Entry and seizure without a warrant is:
A) Valid under plain view doctrine
B) Invalid without barangay witness
C) Valid only with consent
D) Invalid due to lack of warrant
  • 46. A search warrant issued for “stolen electronics” is used to seize firearms. This seizure is:
A) Valid because weapons are dangerous
B) Valid only if in plain view
C) Automatically invalid
D) Valid if same room
  • 47. A suspect is arrested for theft. Police then search his house without warrant. The search is:
A) Valid if evidence is later found
B) Valid search incident to arrest
C) Valid only if victim requests
D) Invalid; arrest doesn’t include home search
  • 48. A cellphone is seized during legal arrest. To view messages, police must:
A) Forward to prosecutor
B) Immediately review
C) Obtain warrant
D) Ask informant first
  • 49. Warrant must particularly describe:
A) Only address of area
B) Reason for search
C) Type of building
D) Items OR persons sought
  • 50. A judge issues a search warrant for two crimes. Is it valid?
A) Yes if signed by prosecutor
B) Yes if crimes related
C) No; must be for one offense
D) Valid only in daytime
  • 51. A hotel room is searched without a warrant while the guest is inside. No emergency exists. This is:
A) Valid if guest is foreign
B) Invalid; privacy applies
C) Legal if items are visible
D) Legal with hotel permission
  • 52. Evidence seized illegally is:
A) Valid if approved by prosecutor
B) Inadmissible
C) Admissible if relevant
D) Admissible if confession follows
  • 53. Which scenario makes a warrantless arrest valid?
A) Suspect previously convicted
B) Anonymous tip reported crime
C) Suspect found near crime hours later
D) Crime committed in officer’s presence
  • 54. The exclusionary rule provides that:
A) Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible
B) Police must always obtain consent
C) Only stolen items may be seized
D) Evidence legally obtained must be returned
  • 55. Police knock, the resident opens, and illegal items are visible. Seizure without warrant is justified by:
A) Protective sweep
B) Hot pursuit
C) General warrant
D) Plain view
  • 56. A search was done at the correct house but used an expired warrant. Evidence is:
A) Valid if documented
B) Valid due to correct address
C) Valid if signed by witness
D) Inadmissible
  • 57. A warrant is issued by a judge who never personally evaluated evidence. The warrant is:
A) Valid if police swore affidavit C. Invalid; no personal
B) Invalid; no personal determination
C) Valid if offense is serious
D) Valid if prosecutor confirmed
  • 58. A landlord grants police permission to search a tenant’s room. Evidence found is:
A) Valid with witness signatures
B) Invalid; tenant controls privacy
C) Valid if crime suspected
D) Valid; landlord owns property
  • 59. Police trail a suspect and enter his home while in immediate pursuit. Seizure without warrant is:
A) Invalid because house is private
B) Valid due to hot pursuit doctrine
C) Valid if suspect is armed
D) Valid only with barangay chief present
  • 60. A journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
A) Protected speech because official is public figure
B) Violates right to privacy despite public status
C) Allowed due to freedom of information
D) journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
  • 61. Government prohibits a rally due to credible intelligence of imminent violence. Limitation is based on:
A) Prior restraint for national security
B) Speech always unrestricted
C) Privacy of participants
D) Seditious liability only
  • 62. A suspect is forced to answer questions about involvement in a crime. This violates:
A) Right to privacy
B) Freedom of contract
C) Right against self-incrimination
D) Freedom of speech
  • 63. Police search personal files on a phone during arrest without warrant. This violates:
A) Immunity clause
B) Right to travel
C) Right to privacy
D) Freedom of speech
  • 64. A student posts threats online against a classmate. School sanctions are challenged. Decision?
A) Not protected; threats unprotected
B) Exempt if done off-campus
C) Protected speech
D) Protected by privacy rights
  • 65. Which illustrates a valid limitation on freedom of speech?
A) Restricting obscenity distribution
B) Prohibiting media reporting
C) Censoring academic journals
D) Banning criticism of officials
  • 66. A witness refuses to testify about a friend’s criminal act despite not being implicated. Right against self-incrimination:
A) Applies
B) Applies only with counsel
C) Does not apply
D) Applies only in civil cases
  • 67. A homeowner refuses warrantless entry to officers. Officer insists due to “public curiosity.” Decision?
A) Invalid; privacy violated
B) Valid only at night
C) Valid; public safety
D) Valid if neighbors complain
  • 68. A celebrity sues media for photographing him eating in a public plaza. Likely ruling:
A) No violation; no reasonable expectation of privacy
B) Protected against self-incrimination
C) Criminal act against free speech
D) Violation of privacy rights
  • 69. A citizen refuses to provide handwriting sample in a forgery case. This refusal:
A) Protected; testimonial
B) Not protected; physical evidence
C) Protected unless with warrant
D) Protected only with counsel present
  • 70. Government prohibits distribution of pamphlets urging imminent violent uprising. This is based on:
A) Overbreadth doctrine
B) Strict scrutiny
C) Prior restraint ban
D) Clear and present danger
  • 71. A person declines to answer whether he owns a gun, as answer may incriminate him. Validity?
A) Invalid; weapon is property
B) Invalid; not in court
C) Valid; testimonial link
D) Invalid if witness present
  • 72. A school inspects lockers for prohibited items. No consent needed because:
A) Right against self-incrimination
B) Freedom of speech
C) Reduced expectation of privacy
D) Academic privilege
  • 73. A street protest is allowed but regulated to avoid blocking traffic. This is:
A) Overly restrictive
B) Prior restraint
C) Censorship
D) Legitimate time-place-manner regulation
  • 74. A public servant claims privacy to refuse disclosure of SALN. Decision?
A) Denied; transparency interest
B) Granted if notarized
C) Granted; personal property
D) Automatic exemption
  • 75. A suspect voluntarily confesses at police station. He later claims right against self-incrimination was violated. Valid?
A) Yes; counsel always needed
B) No; police can compel silence
C) No; voluntary statements allowed
D) Yes; requires three witnesses
  • 76. A newspaper exposes tax fraud but includes bank PINs of the subject. Analysis:
A) Illegal; excessive invasion of privacy
B) Protected editorial
C) Allowed under fair comment
D) Legal; public concern
  • 77. The right against self-incrimination protects against:
A) All physical tests
B) Compelled testimonial evidence
C) Mandatory registration
D) All searches
  • 78. A blogger encourages peaceful protests. Authorities arrest him for inciting violence. Decision?
A) Valid if online
B) Valid; all protests can be banned
C) Invalid; no clear danger shown
D) Valid arrest
  • 79. A person claims privacy to block investigation of illegal weapons stored at home. Analysis:
A) Protected if no confession
B) Privacy absolute
C) Privacy yields to lawful warrant
D) Protected unless public demands
  • 80. A man is detained without charges. His family wants immediate release. Which remedy applies?
A) Mandamus
B) Writ of Amparo
C) Writ of Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 81. A woman claims unknown men are surveilling her movements after she criticized officials. She petitions to stop the threat. Which writ is proper?
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Prohibition
  • 82. Police deny possession of a missing person. Family seeks protection and disclosure of his whereabouts. What is the appropriate remedy?
A) Habeas Corpus only
B) Injunction
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data only
  • 83. A government agency keeps false information about a citizen affecting his security. Which writ can correct or destroy said data?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Prohibition
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 84. A detainee is transferred secretly between facilities to avoid inspection. To compel production of the body, family may file:
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Certiorari
D) Prohibition
  • 85. Which remedy focuses on the right to life, liberty, and security, regardless of detention status?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Injunction
  • 86. A private corporation stores an individual’s personal files without consent, affecting his privacy. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Habeas Data
C) Prohibition
D) Amparo
  • 87. A political activist’s location is concealed by authorities. His family wants release and immediate presentation. Which writ is most appropriate?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Quo Warranto
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 88. A petitioner seeks to stop harassment and threats despite no detention. Which writ applies?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data only
C) Certiorari
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 89. A wrongfully detained citizen requests the court to examine cause of restraint. This describes:
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Quo Warranto
D) Habeas Data
  • 90. Which writ grants access to personal records held by police and permits correction?
A) Habeas Data
B) Mandamus
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 91. A human rights worker fears abduction by state agents. Which remedy protects her security?
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Certiorari
  • 92. A soldier in custody is reported dead, but family doubts the claim. They seek to verify and locate him. Remedy?
A) Habeas Data
B) Mandamus
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 93. A person under surveillance wants to know what information is being collected by police. Best writ?
A) Habeas Data
B) Mandamus
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 94. . A family wants court protection from threats by unknown armed groups. They do not seek release. What writ?
    L
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Injunction
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 95. Person held without warrant asks the court to justify the legality of detention.
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Prohibition
  • 96. A student believes her personal digital files are tampered with by intelligence units. She requests verification and correction.
A) Certiorari
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 97. Which writ may compel government to investigate threats to a witness’s life?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Quo Warranto
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 98. . A detainee is lawfully restrained but wants access to personal files held by military. Most appropriate writ?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Injunction
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 99. Petitioners allege enforced disappearance by military agents and seek command responsibility. Proper writ?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus only
C) Habeas Data only
D) Injunction
  • 100. A mother believes her 17-year-old son is being detained in a police substation without charges for more than 48 hours. What is the most appropriate judicial remedy she should immediately pursue?
A) Writ of Amparo
B) Writ of Habeas Corpus
C) Writ of Habeas Data
D) Writ of Kalikasan
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