CLJ2 HREDUC
  • 1. A person was dismissed from government service without being informed of the charges. Which constitutional right was violated?
A) Equal protection clause
B) Procedural due process
C) Right to speedy disposition
D) Substantive due process
  • 2. A law prohibits only journalists from criticizing the government. This violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Police power
C) Procedural due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 3. Police arrested a suspect without a warrant and denied him access to counsel. Which is violated?
A) Substantive due process
B) Procedural due process
C) Equal protection clause
D) . Bill of Attainder
  • 4. A city ordinance increases taxes only on students from private universities. This is unconstitutional because:
A) Substantive due process is upheld
B) Due process is denied
C) Free speech is restricted
D) Equal protection is violated
  • 5. Which situation BEST demonstrates substantive due process?
A) Lack of notice before hearing
B) Unfair trial procedure
C) A law punishing a lawful activity
D) Denial of appeal
  • 6. Applying a law only to individuals with a specific surname violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Substantive due process
C) Ex post facto limitation
D) Procedural due process
  • 7. A court admitted evidence obtained illegally. The violation involved:
A) Judicial review
B) Substantive due process
C) Procedural due process
D) Equal protection
  • 8. A suspect claims he was not allowed to defend himself during trial. Which constitutional safeguard supports his claim?
A) Substantive due process
B) Equal protection
C) Procedural due process
D) Habeas corpus
  • 9. . A law allows imprisonment without trial. This shows absence of:
A) Judicial review
B) Due process
C) Equal protection
D) Delegated legislation
  • 10. Government creates a rule that applies equally to all groups unless a valid distinction exists. This reflects:
A) Reverse discrimination
B) Administrative discretion
C) Substantive due process
D) Equal protection of laws
  • 11. To be valid, classification under the equal protection clause must:
A) Be based on reasonable distinction
B) Promote executive power
C) Be arbitrary
D) Favor majority
  • 12. Authorities closed a business without a hearing. What was violated?
A) Procedural due process
B) Bill of Rights
C) Substantive due process
D) Equal protection
  • 13. Law punishing crimes committed before its passage violates:
A) Due process only
B) Ex post facto prohibition
C) Substantive due process
D) Equal protection
  • 14. Equal protection is satisfied when:
A) . It favors the rich
B) . It applies the same to foreigners only
C) Classification is reasonable and applies equally to those similarly situated
D) Majority approves
  • 15. The essence of procedural due process in criminal cases is:
A) Right to fair hearing
B) Special privilege
C) Equal protection
D) Executive intervention
  • 16. A law allows detention based solely on suspicion without hearing. Unconstitutional because it violates:
A) Substantive due process
B) Equal protection
C) Police power
D) Both procedural & substantive due process
  • 17. Which illustrates equal protection in criminal justice?
A) Only wealthy accused receive counsel
B) Only locals are penalized; tourists are exempt
C) Penalties differ for same crime based on religion
D) All accused are entitled to the same defenses and penalties
  • 18. Before license cancellation, the government must notify and hear the driver. This is:
A) Police power
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection
D) Procedural due process
  • 19. A law increasing penalties only for a particular ethnic group is invalid due to violation of:
A) Procedural due process
B) Separation of powers
C) Equal protection
D) Police power
  • 20. Substantive due process primarily focuses on:
A) Burden of proof
B) Court procedure
C) Equality of treatment
D) Reasonableness of the law itself C. Court procedure
  • 21. A suspect is interrogated without being informed of his rights. What is the status of his signed confession?
A) Valid only if witnessed by two civilians
B) Inadmissible as evidence
C) Admissible if voluntary
D) Acceptable if notarized
  • 22. Police threaten a suspect with harm unless he confesses. This violates:
A) Neither; threat is allowed
B) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
C) RA 7438 only
D) RA 9745 only-begotten
  • 23. A suspect requests to talk privately with his lawyer, but officers insist to stay nearby. Is this compliant?
A) No; consultation must be private
B) Yes, for security reasons
C) No; unless recorded
D) Yes, if lawyer agrees
  • 24. Officers must inform the suspect of his rights in a language he:
A) Was taught formally
B) Understands
C) Prefers but must pay for B. Understands
D) Is fluent in only
  • 25. A foreign national is arrested. Which is required?
A) Proceed only after bail posting
B) Detain until translator is available, no notice
C) Notify embassy or consular office
D) Inform him in local language only
  • 26. Under RA 9745, forcing a suspect to watch torture of another person is considered:
A) Mental/psychological torture
B) Valid interrogation strategy
C) Not torture
D) Administrative misconduct only
  • 27. Officers interrogate a suspect whose lawyer arrives but is denied access. Statements obtained:
A) Admissible if affirmed in court
B) Inadmissible
C) Admissible if voluntarily given
D) Valid if recorded
  • 28. A suspect is detained secretly without access to family. This violates:
A) Only RA 9745
B) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
C) Neither
D) Only RA 7438
  • 29. Which can legally waive custodial rights?
A) Verbally before investigator
B) By counsel alone
C) By arresting officer certification
D) In writing, in presence of counsel
  • 30. Officers request the suspect to sign an apology letter admitting guilt. The suspect signs. Is this valid?
A) No; custodial rights violated
B) Yes, if handwritten
C) Valid if signed voluntarily before 2 witnesses
D) Yes, even without counsel
  • 31. Under RA 7438, a suspect has the right to communicate with family. This applies:
A) From the moment of arrest
B) Only if bail is approved
C) After evidence is gathered
D) Only after arraignment
  • 32. A suspect is denied food and water to force disclosure. This is:
A) Physical torture
B) Adjustment technique
C) Threat only
D) Lawful custodial pressure
  • 33. A minor is arrested. What must police ensure?
A) Presence of a social worker
B) Suspension of rights
C) Immediate confession
D) No interview allowed
  • 34. Which scenario shows lawful interrogation?
A) Use of intimidation to avoid delays
B) Private consultation with lawyer prior to questioning
C) Questioning suspect without counsel but rSuspect interrogated even after ecorded
D) Suspect interrogated even after invoking right to silence
  • 35. Under RA 9745, who has primary liability for torture?
A) Family members
B) Law enforcement or persons in authority
C) Private institutions only
D) Witnesses
  • 36. A suspect signed a confession after hours of sleep deprivation. Resulting evidence is:
A) Valid if translated properly
B) Inadmissible due to coercion
C) Admissible due to signature
D) Valid if lawyer signs
  • 37. A suspect invokes silence. Investigators continue questioning, pressuring him. What violation occurs?
A) RA 7438 only
B) None; silence isn't mandatory
C) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
D) RA 9745 only
  • 38. Which best applies the right under RA 7438?
A) Provide any lawyer, regardless of consent
B) Limit counsel to state-appointed only
C) Advise suspect of rights and allow chosen counsel
D) Delay counsel to secure confession
  • 39. For documentation under the Anti-Torture Act, which is required?
A) Permission from arresting officer
B) Verbal report to media
C) Signed confession only
D) Immediate medical examination of victim
  • 40. Police enter a house without a warrant after receiving an anonymous tip. No emergency exists. Evidence found is:
A) Admissible if serious crime
B) Valid if recorded on video
C) Admissible if homeowner absent
D) Inadmissible due to invalid entry
  • 41. During a checkpoint, police search a vehicle’s trunk without consent or probable cause. Resulting evidence is:
A) Valid if the driver looks suspicious
B) Valid if contraband is seen
C) Inadmissible for lack of basis
D) Admissible only if witness present
  • 42. A warrant authorizes search of “Juan’s house.” Police also search the neighboring home. This is:
A) Allowed if property is adjacent
B) Invalid; beyond warrant scope
C) Valid if related to same suspect
D) Valid if crime is ongoing
  • 43. Items not listed in a warrant are seized during search. What is required to validate seizure?
A) Items must be tagged immediately
B) Items must be uniquely valuable
C) Items must be demanded by complainant
D) Items must be in plain view
  • 44. A suspect voluntarily allows police to search his car. The search is valid only if:
A) Consent is free and informed
B) Lawyer is present
C) Signed by barangay officer
D) Daytime
  • 45. Police see illegal drugs on a table through an open window. Entry and seizure without a warrant is:
A) Invalid without barangay witness
B) Valid only with consent
C) Valid under plain view doctrine
D) Invalid due to lack of warrant
  • 46. A search warrant issued for “stolen electronics” is used to seize firearms. This seizure is:
A) Automatically invalid
B) Valid because weapons are dangerous
C) Valid only if in plain view
D) Valid if same room
  • 47. A suspect is arrested for theft. Police then search his house without warrant. The search is:
A) Valid only if victim requests
B) Valid search incident to arrest
C) Invalid; arrest doesn’t include home search
D) Valid if evidence is later found
  • 48. A cellphone is seized during legal arrest. To view messages, police must:
A) Ask informant first
B) Forward to prosecutor
C) Immediately review
D) Obtain warrant
  • 49. Warrant must particularly describe:
A) Only address of area
B) Items OR persons sought
C) Reason for search
D) Type of building
  • 50. A judge issues a search warrant for two crimes. Is it valid?
A) Valid only in daytime
B) Yes if crimes related
C) Yes if signed by prosecutor
D) No; must be for one offense
  • 51. A hotel room is searched without a warrant while the guest is inside. No emergency exists. This is:
A) Legal if items are visible
B) Legal with hotel permission
C) Invalid; privacy applies
D) Valid if guest is foreign
  • 52. Evidence seized illegally is:
A) Admissible if confession follows
B) Valid if approved by prosecutor
C) Inadmissible
D) Admissible if relevant
  • 53. Which scenario makes a warrantless arrest valid?
A) Suspect previously convicted
B) Anonymous tip reported crime
C) Suspect found near crime hours later
D) Crime committed in officer’s presence
  • 54. The exclusionary rule provides that:
A) Only stolen items may be seized
B) Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible
C) Evidence legally obtained must be returned
D) Police must always obtain consent
  • 55. Police knock, the resident opens, and illegal items are visible. Seizure without warrant is justified by:
A) General warrant
B) Plain view
C) Hot pursuit
D) Protective sweep
  • 56. A search was done at the correct house but used an expired warrant. Evidence is:
A) Inadmissible
B) Valid if documented
C) Valid due to correct address
D) Valid if signed by witness
  • 57. A warrant is issued by a judge who never personally evaluated evidence. The warrant is:
A) Valid if prosecutor confirmed
B) Invalid; no personal determination
C) Valid if offense is serious
D) Valid if police swore affidavit C. Invalid; no personal
  • 58. A landlord grants police permission to search a tenant’s room. Evidence found is:
A) Valid; landlord owns property
B) Invalid; tenant controls privacy
C) Valid if crime suspected
D) Valid with witness signatures
  • 59. Police trail a suspect and enter his home while in immediate pursuit. Seizure without warrant is:
A) Valid if suspect is armed
B) Valid due to hot pursuit doctrine
C) Valid only with barangay chief present
D) Invalid because house is private
  • 60. A journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
A) journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
B) Protected speech because official is public figure
C) Violates right to privacy despite public status
D) Allowed due to freedom of information
  • 61. Government prohibits a rally due to credible intelligence of imminent violence. Limitation is based on:
A) Prior restraint for national security
B) Speech always unrestricted
C) Privacy of participants
D) Seditious liability only
  • 62. A suspect is forced to answer questions about involvement in a crime. This violates:
A) Right to privacy
B) Freedom of speech
C) Right against self-incrimination
D) Freedom of contract
  • 63. Police search personal files on a phone during arrest without warrant. This violates:
A) Right to travel
B) Immunity clause
C) Right to privacy
D) Freedom of speech
  • 64. A student posts threats online against a classmate. School sanctions are challenged. Decision?
A) Not protected; threats unprotected
B) Exempt if done off-campus
C) Protected speech
D) Protected by privacy rights
  • 65. Which illustrates a valid limitation on freedom of speech?
A) Censoring academic journals
B) Banning criticism of officials
C) Restricting obscenity distribution
D) Prohibiting media reporting
  • 66. A witness refuses to testify about a friend’s criminal act despite not being implicated. Right against self-incrimination:
A) Applies
B) Does not apply
C) Applies only with counsel
D) Applies only in civil cases
  • 67. A homeowner refuses warrantless entry to officers. Officer insists due to “public curiosity.” Decision?
A) Invalid; privacy violated
B) Valid if neighbors complain
C) Valid; public safety
D) Valid only at night
  • 68. A celebrity sues media for photographing him eating in a public plaza. Likely ruling:
A) Criminal act against free speech
B) Violation of privacy rights
C) No violation; no reasonable expectation of privacy
D) Protected against self-incrimination
  • 69. A citizen refuses to provide handwriting sample in a forgery case. This refusal:
A) Protected only with counsel present
B) Protected; testimonial
C) Protected unless with warrant
D) Not protected; physical evidence
  • 70. Government prohibits distribution of pamphlets urging imminent violent uprising. This is based on:
A) Strict scrutiny
B) Overbreadth doctrine
C) Prior restraint ban
D) Clear and present danger
  • 71. A person declines to answer whether he owns a gun, as answer may incriminate him. Validity?
A) Invalid; weapon is property
B) Valid; testimonial link
C) Invalid; not in court
D) Invalid if witness present
  • 72. A school inspects lockers for prohibited items. No consent needed because:
A) Freedom of speech
B) Right against self-incrimination
C) Reduced expectation of privacy
D) Academic privilege
  • 73. A street protest is allowed but regulated to avoid blocking traffic. This is:
A) Censorship
B) Prior restraint
C) Overly restrictive
D) Legitimate time-place-manner regulation
  • 74. A public servant claims privacy to refuse disclosure of SALN. Decision?
A) Automatic exemption
B) Granted if notarized
C) Granted; personal property
D) Denied; transparency interest
  • 75. A suspect voluntarily confesses at police station. He later claims right against self-incrimination was violated. Valid?
A) No; voluntary statements allowed
B) No; police can compel silence
C) Yes; counsel always needed
D) Yes; requires three witnesses
  • 76. A newspaper exposes tax fraud but includes bank PINs of the subject. Analysis:
A) Legal; public concern
B) Allowed under fair comment
C) Illegal; excessive invasion of privacy
D) Protected editorial
  • 77. The right against self-incrimination protects against:
A) All physical tests
B) All searches
C) Compelled testimonial evidence
D) Mandatory registration
  • 78. A blogger encourages peaceful protests. Authorities arrest him for inciting violence. Decision?
A) Valid if online
B) Valid arrest
C) Invalid; no clear danger shown
D) Valid; all protests can be banned
  • 79. A person claims privacy to block investigation of illegal weapons stored at home. Analysis:
A) Protected if no confession
B) Privacy absolute
C) Privacy yields to lawful warrant
D) Protected unless public demands
  • 80. A man is detained without charges. His family wants immediate release. Which remedy applies?
A) Writ of Habeas Corpus
B) Mandamus
C) Habeas Data
D) Writ of Amparo
  • 81. A woman claims unknown men are surveilling her movements after she criticized officials. She petitions to stop the threat. Which writ is proper?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Prohibition
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 82. Police deny possession of a missing person. Family seeks protection and disclosure of his whereabouts. What is the appropriate remedy?
A) Habeas Corpus only
B) Amparo
C) Injunction
D) Habeas Data only
  • 83. A government agency keeps false information about a citizen affecting his security. Which writ can correct or destroy said data?
A) Prohibition
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 84. A detainee is transferred secretly between facilities to avoid inspection. To compel production of the body, family may file:
A) Certiorari
B) Prohibition
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 85. Which remedy focuses on the right to life, liberty, and security, regardless of detention status?
A) Habeas Data
B) Injunction
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 86. A private corporation stores an individual’s personal files without consent, affecting his privacy. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Prohibition
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 87. A political activist’s location is concealed by authorities. His family wants release and immediate presentation. Which writ is most appropriate?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Quo Warranto
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 88. A petitioner seeks to stop harassment and threats despite no detention. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Data only
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Certiorari
  • 89. A wrongfully detained citizen requests the court to examine cause of restraint. This describes:
A) Habeas Data
B) Quo Warranto
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 90. Which writ grants access to personal records held by police and permits correction?
A) Amparo
B) Mandamus
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 91. A human rights worker fears abduction by state agents. Which remedy protects her security?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Certiorari
  • 92. A soldier in custody is reported dead, but family doubts the claim. They seek to verify and locate him. Remedy?
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Mandamus
D) Amparo
  • 93. A person under surveillance wants to know what information is being collected by police. Best writ?
A) Habeas Data
B) Mandamus
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 94. . A family wants court protection from threats by unknown armed groups. They do not seek release. What writ?
    L
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Habeas Data
C) Injunction
D) Amparo
  • 95. Person held without warrant asks the court to justify the legality of detention.
A) Amparo
B) Prohibition
C) Habeas Data
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 96. A student believes her personal digital files are tampered with by intelligence units. She requests verification and correction.
A) Certiorari
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 97. Which writ may compel government to investigate threats to a witness’s life?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Quo Warranto
  • 98. . A detainee is lawfully restrained but wants access to personal files held by military. Most appropriate writ?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Injunction
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 99. Petitioners allege enforced disappearance by military agents and seek command responsibility. Proper writ?
A) Habeas Corpus only
B) Habeas Data only
C) Amparo
D) Injunction
  • 100. A mother believes her 17-year-old son is being detained in a police substation without charges for more than 48 hours. What is the most appropriate judicial remedy she should immediately pursue?
A) Writ of Habeas Corpus
B) Writ of Habeas Data
C) Writ of Amparo
D) Writ of Kalikasan
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