CLJ2 HREDUC
  • 1. A person was dismissed from government service without being informed of the charges. Which constitutional right was violated?
A) Equal protection clause
B) Procedural due process
C) Substantive due process
D) Right to speedy disposition
  • 2. A law prohibits only journalists from criticizing the government. This violates:
A) Police power
B) Equal protection
C) Procedural due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 3. Police arrested a suspect without a warrant and denied him access to counsel. Which is violated?
A) Equal protection clause
B) Substantive due process
C) . Bill of Attainder
D) Procedural due process
  • 4. A city ordinance increases taxes only on students from private universities. This is unconstitutional because:
A) Substantive due process is upheld
B) Equal protection is violated
C) Free speech is restricted
D) Due process is denied
  • 5. Which situation BEST demonstrates substantive due process?
A) Denial of appeal
B) A law punishing a lawful activity
C) Unfair trial procedure
D) Lack of notice before hearing
  • 6. Applying a law only to individuals with a specific surname violates:
A) Procedural due process
B) Ex post facto limitation
C) Equal protection
D) Substantive due process
  • 7. A court admitted evidence obtained illegally. The violation involved:
A) Procedural due process
B) Judicial review
C) Substantive due process
D) Equal protection
  • 8. A suspect claims he was not allowed to defend himself during trial. Which constitutional safeguard supports his claim?
A) Equal protection
B) Habeas corpus
C) Procedural due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 9. . A law allows imprisonment without trial. This shows absence of:
A) Judicial review
B) Due process
C) Equal protection
D) Delegated legislation
  • 10. Government creates a rule that applies equally to all groups unless a valid distinction exists. This reflects:
A) Equal protection of laws
B) Administrative discretion
C) Reverse discrimination
D) Substantive due process
  • 11. To be valid, classification under the equal protection clause must:
A) Be arbitrary
B) Be based on reasonable distinction
C) Promote executive power
D) Favor majority
  • 12. Authorities closed a business without a hearing. What was violated?
A) Procedural due process
B) Substantive due process
C) Bill of Rights
D) Equal protection
  • 13. Law punishing crimes committed before its passage violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Substantive due process
C) Ex post facto prohibition
D) Due process only
  • 14. Equal protection is satisfied when:
A) Majority approves
B) Classification is reasonable and applies equally to those similarly situated
C) . It applies the same to foreigners only
D) . It favors the rich
  • 15. The essence of procedural due process in criminal cases is:
A) Right to fair hearing
B) Executive intervention
C) Equal protection
D) Special privilege
  • 16. A law allows detention based solely on suspicion without hearing. Unconstitutional because it violates:
A) Police power
B) Substantive due process
C) Both procedural & substantive due process
D) Equal protection
  • 17. Which illustrates equal protection in criminal justice?
A) Penalties differ for same crime based on religion
B) Only locals are penalized; tourists are exempt
C) All accused are entitled to the same defenses and penalties
D) Only wealthy accused receive counsel
  • 18. Before license cancellation, the government must notify and hear the driver. This is:
A) Police power
B) Equal protection
C) Procedural due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 19. A law increasing penalties only for a particular ethnic group is invalid due to violation of:
A) Separation of powers
B) Equal protection
C) Police power
D) Procedural due process
  • 20. Substantive due process primarily focuses on:
A) Burden of proof
B) Reasonableness of the law itself C. Court procedure
C) Court procedure
D) Equality of treatment
  • 21. A suspect is interrogated without being informed of his rights. What is the status of his signed confession?
A) Inadmissible as evidence
B) Valid only if witnessed by two civilians
C) Admissible if voluntary
D) Acceptable if notarized
  • 22. Police threaten a suspect with harm unless he confesses. This violates:
A) RA 7438 only
B) RA 9745 only-begotten
C) Neither; threat is allowed
D) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
  • 23. A suspect requests to talk privately with his lawyer, but officers insist to stay nearby. Is this compliant?
A) Yes, for security reasons
B) No; unless recorded
C) No; consultation must be private
D) Yes, if lawyer agrees
  • 24. Officers must inform the suspect of his rights in a language he:
A) Prefers but must pay for B. Understands
B) Understands
C) Was taught formally
D) Is fluent in only
  • 25. A foreign national is arrested. Which is required?
A) Detain until translator is available, no notice
B) Notify embassy or consular office
C) Inform him in local language only
D) Proceed only after bail posting
  • 26. Under RA 9745, forcing a suspect to watch torture of another person is considered:
A) Mental/psychological torture
B) Not torture
C) Valid interrogation strategy
D) Administrative misconduct only
  • 27. Officers interrogate a suspect whose lawyer arrives but is denied access. Statements obtained:
A) Valid if recorded
B) Admissible if affirmed in court
C) Inadmissible
D) Admissible if voluntarily given
  • 28. A suspect is detained secretly without access to family. This violates:
A) Neither
B) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
C) Only RA 9745
D) Only RA 7438
  • 29. Which can legally waive custodial rights?
A) Verbally before investigator
B) In writing, in presence of counsel
C) By counsel alone
D) By arresting officer certification
  • 30. Officers request the suspect to sign an apology letter admitting guilt. The suspect signs. Is this valid?
A) Yes, if handwritten
B) Valid if signed voluntarily before 2 witnesses
C) Yes, even without counsel
D) No; custodial rights violated
  • 31. Under RA 7438, a suspect has the right to communicate with family. This applies:
A) From the moment of arrest
B) Only after arraignment
C) After evidence is gathered
D) Only if bail is approved
  • 32. A suspect is denied food and water to force disclosure. This is:
A) Adjustment technique
B) Lawful custodial pressure
C) Physical torture
D) Threat only
  • 33. A minor is arrested. What must police ensure?
A) Presence of a social worker
B) Suspension of rights
C) Immediate confession
D) No interview allowed
  • 34. Which scenario shows lawful interrogation?
A) Questioning suspect without counsel but rSuspect interrogated even after ecorded
B) Use of intimidation to avoid delays
C) Private consultation with lawyer prior to questioning
D) Suspect interrogated even after invoking right to silence
  • 35. Under RA 9745, who has primary liability for torture?
A) Witnesses
B) Family members
C) Law enforcement or persons in authority
D) Private institutions only
  • 36. A suspect signed a confession after hours of sleep deprivation. Resulting evidence is:
A) Inadmissible due to coercion
B) Valid if lawyer signs
C) Admissible due to signature
D) Valid if translated properly
  • 37. A suspect invokes silence. Investigators continue questioning, pressuring him. What violation occurs?
A) RA 7438 only
B) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
C) RA 9745 only
D) None; silence isn't mandatory
  • 38. Which best applies the right under RA 7438?
A) Delay counsel to secure confession
B) Limit counsel to state-appointed only
C) Provide any lawyer, regardless of consent
D) Advise suspect of rights and allow chosen counsel
  • 39. For documentation under the Anti-Torture Act, which is required?
A) Verbal report to media
B) Immediate medical examination of victim
C) Permission from arresting officer
D) Signed confession only
  • 40. Police enter a house without a warrant after receiving an anonymous tip. No emergency exists. Evidence found is:
A) Valid if recorded on video
B) Admissible if serious crime
C) Admissible if homeowner absent
D) Inadmissible due to invalid entry
  • 41. During a checkpoint, police search a vehicle’s trunk without consent or probable cause. Resulting evidence is:
A) Valid if the driver looks suspicious
B) Admissible only if witness present
C) Valid if contraband is seen
D) Inadmissible for lack of basis
  • 42. A warrant authorizes search of “Juan’s house.” Police also search the neighboring home. This is:
A) Valid if related to same suspect
B) Allowed if property is adjacent
C) Valid if crime is ongoing
D) Invalid; beyond warrant scope
  • 43. Items not listed in a warrant are seized during search. What is required to validate seizure?
A) Items must be in plain view
B) Items must be demanded by complainant
C) Items must be tagged immediately
D) Items must be uniquely valuable
  • 44. A suspect voluntarily allows police to search his car. The search is valid only if:
A) Daytime
B) Signed by barangay officer
C) Lawyer is present
D) Consent is free and informed
  • 45. Police see illegal drugs on a table through an open window. Entry and seizure without a warrant is:
A) Valid only with consent
B) Valid under plain view doctrine
C) Invalid without barangay witness
D) Invalid due to lack of warrant
  • 46. A search warrant issued for “stolen electronics” is used to seize firearms. This seizure is:
A) Automatically invalid
B) Valid because weapons are dangerous
C) Valid only if in plain view
D) Valid if same room
  • 47. A suspect is arrested for theft. Police then search his house without warrant. The search is:
A) Valid only if victim requests
B) Valid if evidence is later found
C) Valid search incident to arrest
D) Invalid; arrest doesn’t include home search
  • 48. A cellphone is seized during legal arrest. To view messages, police must:
A) Forward to prosecutor
B) Obtain warrant
C) Ask informant first
D) Immediately review
  • 49. Warrant must particularly describe:
A) Type of building
B) Items OR persons sought
C) Reason for search
D) Only address of area
  • 50. A judge issues a search warrant for two crimes. Is it valid?
A) Valid only in daytime
B) Yes if crimes related
C) No; must be for one offense
D) Yes if signed by prosecutor
  • 51. A hotel room is searched without a warrant while the guest is inside. No emergency exists. This is:
A) Legal with hotel permission
B) Valid if guest is foreign
C) Legal if items are visible
D) Invalid; privacy applies
  • 52. Evidence seized illegally is:
A) Admissible if relevant
B) Inadmissible
C) Admissible if confession follows
D) Valid if approved by prosecutor
  • 53. Which scenario makes a warrantless arrest valid?
A) Suspect previously convicted
B) Suspect found near crime hours later
C) Crime committed in officer’s presence
D) Anonymous tip reported crime
  • 54. The exclusionary rule provides that:
A) Police must always obtain consent
B) Only stolen items may be seized
C) Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible
D) Evidence legally obtained must be returned
  • 55. Police knock, the resident opens, and illegal items are visible. Seizure without warrant is justified by:
A) Protective sweep
B) Plain view
C) Hot pursuit
D) General warrant
  • 56. A search was done at the correct house but used an expired warrant. Evidence is:
A) Inadmissible
B) Valid if documented
C) Valid if signed by witness
D) Valid due to correct address
  • 57. A warrant is issued by a judge who never personally evaluated evidence. The warrant is:
A) Valid if police swore affidavit C. Invalid; no personal
B) Invalid; no personal determination
C) Valid if prosecutor confirmed
D) Valid if offense is serious
  • 58. A landlord grants police permission to search a tenant’s room. Evidence found is:
A) Valid with witness signatures
B) Valid; landlord owns property
C) Invalid; tenant controls privacy
D) Valid if crime suspected
  • 59. Police trail a suspect and enter his home while in immediate pursuit. Seizure without warrant is:
A) Invalid because house is private
B) Valid if suspect is armed
C) Valid due to hot pursuit doctrine
D) Valid only with barangay chief present
  • 60. A journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
A) journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
B) Violates right to privacy despite public status
C) Allowed due to freedom of information
D) Protected speech because official is public figure
  • 61. Government prohibits a rally due to credible intelligence of imminent violence. Limitation is based on:
A) Prior restraint for national security
B) Privacy of participants
C) Speech always unrestricted
D) Seditious liability only
  • 62. A suspect is forced to answer questions about involvement in a crime. This violates:
A) Right to privacy
B) Freedom of speech
C) Freedom of contract
D) Right against self-incrimination
  • 63. Police search personal files on a phone during arrest without warrant. This violates:
A) Immunity clause
B) Right to privacy
C) Freedom of speech
D) Right to travel
  • 64. A student posts threats online against a classmate. School sanctions are challenged. Decision?
A) Not protected; threats unprotected
B) Protected speech
C) Protected by privacy rights
D) Exempt if done off-campus
  • 65. Which illustrates a valid limitation on freedom of speech?
A) Banning criticism of officials
B) Prohibiting media reporting
C) Censoring academic journals
D) Restricting obscenity distribution
  • 66. A witness refuses to testify about a friend’s criminal act despite not being implicated. Right against self-incrimination:
A) Does not apply
B) Applies only with counsel
C) Applies
D) Applies only in civil cases
  • 67. A homeowner refuses warrantless entry to officers. Officer insists due to “public curiosity.” Decision?
A) Invalid; privacy violated
B) Valid only at night
C) Valid; public safety
D) Valid if neighbors complain
  • 68. A celebrity sues media for photographing him eating in a public plaza. Likely ruling:
A) Violation of privacy rights
B) Criminal act against free speech
C) Protected against self-incrimination
D) No violation; no reasonable expectation of privacy
  • 69. A citizen refuses to provide handwriting sample in a forgery case. This refusal:
A) Not protected; physical evidence
B) Protected only with counsel present
C) Protected unless with warrant
D) Protected; testimonial
  • 70. Government prohibits distribution of pamphlets urging imminent violent uprising. This is based on:
A) Overbreadth doctrine
B) Prior restraint ban
C) Strict scrutiny
D) Clear and present danger
  • 71. A person declines to answer whether he owns a gun, as answer may incriminate him. Validity?
A) Valid; testimonial link
B) Invalid if witness present
C) Invalid; weapon is property
D) Invalid; not in court
  • 72. A school inspects lockers for prohibited items. No consent needed because:
A) Reduced expectation of privacy
B) Right against self-incrimination
C) Academic privilege
D) Freedom of speech
  • 73. A street protest is allowed but regulated to avoid blocking traffic. This is:
A) Censorship
B) Prior restraint
C) Overly restrictive
D) Legitimate time-place-manner regulation
  • 74. A public servant claims privacy to refuse disclosure of SALN. Decision?
A) Granted if notarized
B) Automatic exemption
C) Denied; transparency interest
D) Granted; personal property
  • 75. A suspect voluntarily confesses at police station. He later claims right against self-incrimination was violated. Valid?
A) Yes; requires three witnesses
B) Yes; counsel always needed
C) No; police can compel silence
D) No; voluntary statements allowed
  • 76. A newspaper exposes tax fraud but includes bank PINs of the subject. Analysis:
A) Illegal; excessive invasion of privacy
B) Legal; public concern
C) Allowed under fair comment
D) Protected editorial
  • 77. The right against self-incrimination protects against:
A) All searches
B) Mandatory registration
C) Compelled testimonial evidence
D) All physical tests
  • 78. A blogger encourages peaceful protests. Authorities arrest him for inciting violence. Decision?
A) Invalid; no clear danger shown
B) Valid; all protests can be banned
C) Valid arrest
D) Valid if online
  • 79. A person claims privacy to block investigation of illegal weapons stored at home. Analysis:
A) Privacy yields to lawful warrant
B) Privacy absolute
C) Protected if no confession
D) Protected unless public demands
  • 80. A man is detained without charges. His family wants immediate release. Which remedy applies?
A) Writ of Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Mandamus
D) Writ of Habeas Corpus
  • 81. A woman claims unknown men are surveilling her movements after she criticized officials. She petitions to stop the threat. Which writ is proper?
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Prohibition
  • 82. Police deny possession of a missing person. Family seeks protection and disclosure of his whereabouts. What is the appropriate remedy?
A) Injunction
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus only
D) Habeas Data only
  • 83. A government agency keeps false information about a citizen affecting his security. Which writ can correct or destroy said data?
A) Prohibition
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 84. A detainee is transferred secretly between facilities to avoid inspection. To compel production of the body, family may file:
A) Amparo
B) Certiorari
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Prohibition
  • 85. Which remedy focuses on the right to life, liberty, and security, regardless of detention status?
A) Habeas Data
B) Injunction
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 86. A private corporation stores an individual’s personal files without consent, affecting his privacy. Which writ applies?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Prohibition
D) Habeas Data
  • 87. A political activist’s location is concealed by authorities. His family wants release and immediate presentation. Which writ is most appropriate?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Quo Warranto
  • 88. A petitioner seeks to stop harassment and threats despite no detention. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Data only
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Certiorari
D) Amparo
  • 89. A wrongfully detained citizen requests the court to examine cause of restraint. This describes:
A) Quo Warranto
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 90. Which writ grants access to personal records held by police and permits correction?
A) Mandamus
B) Habeas Data
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 91. A human rights worker fears abduction by state agents. Which remedy protects her security?
A) Certiorari
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 92. A soldier in custody is reported dead, but family doubts the claim. They seek to verify and locate him. Remedy?
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Mandamus
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 93. A person under surveillance wants to know what information is being collected by police. Best writ?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Mandamus
  • 94. . A family wants court protection from threats by unknown armed groups. They do not seek release. What writ?
    L
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Injunction
D) Habeas Data
  • 95. Person held without warrant asks the court to justify the legality of detention.
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Prohibition
  • 96. A student believes her personal digital files are tampered with by intelligence units. She requests verification and correction.
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Certiorari
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 97. Which writ may compel government to investigate threats to a witness’s life?
A) Habeas Data
B) Quo Warranto
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 98. . A detainee is lawfully restrained but wants access to personal files held by military. Most appropriate writ?
A) Habeas Data
B) Injunction
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 99. Petitioners allege enforced disappearance by military agents and seek command responsibility. Proper writ?
A) Injunction
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data only
D) Habeas Corpus only
  • 100. A mother believes her 17-year-old son is being detained in a police substation without charges for more than 48 hours. What is the most appropriate judicial remedy she should immediately pursue?
A) Writ of Habeas Data
B) Writ of Amparo
C) Writ of Kalikasan
D) Writ of Habeas Corpus
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