CLJ2 HREDUC
  • 1. A person was dismissed from government service without being informed of the charges. Which constitutional right was violated?
A) Procedural due process
B) Right to speedy disposition
C) Equal protection clause
D) Substantive due process
  • 2. A law prohibits only journalists from criticizing the government. This violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Police power
C) Substantive due process
D) Procedural due process
  • 3. Police arrested a suspect without a warrant and denied him access to counsel. Which is violated?
A) Substantive due process
B) . Bill of Attainder
C) Procedural due process
D) Equal protection clause
  • 4. A city ordinance increases taxes only on students from private universities. This is unconstitutional because:
A) Substantive due process is upheld
B) Due process is denied
C) Free speech is restricted
D) Equal protection is violated
  • 5. Which situation BEST demonstrates substantive due process?
A) Lack of notice before hearing
B) A law punishing a lawful activity
C) Unfair trial procedure
D) Denial of appeal
  • 6. Applying a law only to individuals with a specific surname violates:
A) Ex post facto limitation
B) Equal protection
C) Substantive due process
D) Procedural due process
  • 7. A court admitted evidence obtained illegally. The violation involved:
A) Procedural due process
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection
D) Judicial review
  • 8. A suspect claims he was not allowed to defend himself during trial. Which constitutional safeguard supports his claim?
A) Habeas corpus
B) Equal protection
C) Procedural due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 9. . A law allows imprisonment without trial. This shows absence of:
A) Judicial review
B) Delegated legislation
C) Equal protection
D) Due process
  • 10. Government creates a rule that applies equally to all groups unless a valid distinction exists. This reflects:
A) Substantive due process
B) Reverse discrimination
C) Equal protection of laws
D) Administrative discretion
  • 11. To be valid, classification under the equal protection clause must:
A) Favor majority
B) Promote executive power
C) Be arbitrary
D) Be based on reasonable distinction
  • 12. Authorities closed a business without a hearing. What was violated?
A) Substantive due process
B) Equal protection
C) Procedural due process
D) Bill of Rights
  • 13. Law punishing crimes committed before its passage violates:
A) Due process only
B) Equal protection
C) Substantive due process
D) Ex post facto prohibition
  • 14. Equal protection is satisfied when:
A) . It applies the same to foreigners only
B) . It favors the rich
C) Majority approves
D) Classification is reasonable and applies equally to those similarly situated
  • 15. The essence of procedural due process in criminal cases is:
A) Right to fair hearing
B) Special privilege
C) Equal protection
D) Executive intervention
  • 16. A law allows detention based solely on suspicion without hearing. Unconstitutional because it violates:
A) Substantive due process
B) Police power
C) Both procedural & substantive due process
D) Equal protection
  • 17. Which illustrates equal protection in criminal justice?
A) Penalties differ for same crime based on religion
B) Only wealthy accused receive counsel
C) All accused are entitled to the same defenses and penalties
D) Only locals are penalized; tourists are exempt
  • 18. Before license cancellation, the government must notify and hear the driver. This is:
A) Substantive due process
B) Police power
C) Equal protection
D) Procedural due process
  • 19. A law increasing penalties only for a particular ethnic group is invalid due to violation of:
A) Procedural due process
B) Separation of powers
C) Equal protection
D) Police power
  • 20. Substantive due process primarily focuses on:
A) Burden of proof
B) Equality of treatment
C) Court procedure
D) Reasonableness of the law itself C. Court procedure
  • 21. A suspect is interrogated without being informed of his rights. What is the status of his signed confession?
A) Valid only if witnessed by two civilians
B) Inadmissible as evidence
C) Admissible if voluntary
D) Acceptable if notarized
  • 22. Police threaten a suspect with harm unless he confesses. This violates:
A) RA 7438 only
B) RA 9745 only-begotten
C) Neither; threat is allowed
D) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
  • 23. A suspect requests to talk privately with his lawyer, but officers insist to stay nearby. Is this compliant?
A) No; unless recorded
B) Yes, if lawyer agrees
C) Yes, for security reasons
D) No; consultation must be private
  • 24. Officers must inform the suspect of his rights in a language he:
A) Understands
B) Was taught formally
C) Is fluent in only
D) Prefers but must pay for B. Understands
  • 25. A foreign national is arrested. Which is required?
A) Inform him in local language only
B) Notify embassy or consular office
C) Proceed only after bail posting
D) Detain until translator is available, no notice
  • 26. Under RA 9745, forcing a suspect to watch torture of another person is considered:
A) Valid interrogation strategy
B) Administrative misconduct only
C) Not torture
D) Mental/psychological torture
  • 27. Officers interrogate a suspect whose lawyer arrives but is denied access. Statements obtained:
A) Admissible if affirmed in court
B) Inadmissible
C) Valid if recorded
D) Admissible if voluntarily given
  • 28. A suspect is detained secretly without access to family. This violates:
A) Only RA 9745
B) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
C) Only RA 7438
D) Neither
  • 29. Which can legally waive custodial rights?
A) By counsel alone
B) By arresting officer certification
C) In writing, in presence of counsel
D) Verbally before investigator
  • 30. Officers request the suspect to sign an apology letter admitting guilt. The suspect signs. Is this valid?
A) Yes, even without counsel
B) Valid if signed voluntarily before 2 witnesses
C) Yes, if handwritten
D) No; custodial rights violated
  • 31. Under RA 7438, a suspect has the right to communicate with family. This applies:
A) Only after arraignment
B) After evidence is gathered
C) Only if bail is approved
D) From the moment of arrest
  • 32. A suspect is denied food and water to force disclosure. This is:
A) Threat only
B) Adjustment technique
C) Physical torture
D) Lawful custodial pressure
  • 33. A minor is arrested. What must police ensure?
A) Suspension of rights
B) Immediate confession
C) Presence of a social worker
D) No interview allowed
  • 34. Which scenario shows lawful interrogation?
A) Suspect interrogated even after invoking right to silence
B) Private consultation with lawyer prior to questioning
C) Questioning suspect without counsel but rSuspect interrogated even after ecorded
D) Use of intimidation to avoid delays
  • 35. Under RA 9745, who has primary liability for torture?
A) Family members
B) Law enforcement or persons in authority
C) Witnesses
D) Private institutions only
  • 36. A suspect signed a confession after hours of sleep deprivation. Resulting evidence is:
A) Valid if translated properly
B) Valid if lawyer signs
C) Inadmissible due to coercion
D) Admissible due to signature
  • 37. A suspect invokes silence. Investigators continue questioning, pressuring him. What violation occurs?
A) None; silence isn't mandatory
B) RA 7438 only
C) RA 9745 only
D) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
  • 38. Which best applies the right under RA 7438?
A) Provide any lawyer, regardless of consent
B) Advise suspect of rights and allow chosen counsel
C) Delay counsel to secure confession
D) Limit counsel to state-appointed only
  • 39. For documentation under the Anti-Torture Act, which is required?
A) Immediate medical examination of victim
B) Permission from arresting officer
C) Verbal report to media
D) Signed confession only
  • 40. Police enter a house without a warrant after receiving an anonymous tip. No emergency exists. Evidence found is:
A) Admissible if serious crime
B) Valid if recorded on video
C) Admissible if homeowner absent
D) Inadmissible due to invalid entry
  • 41. During a checkpoint, police search a vehicle’s trunk without consent or probable cause. Resulting evidence is:
A) Admissible only if witness present
B) Valid if the driver looks suspicious
C) Inadmissible for lack of basis
D) Valid if contraband is seen
  • 42. A warrant authorizes search of “Juan’s house.” Police also search the neighboring home. This is:
A) Valid if related to same suspect
B) Allowed if property is adjacent
C) Invalid; beyond warrant scope
D) Valid if crime is ongoing
  • 43. Items not listed in a warrant are seized during search. What is required to validate seizure?
A) Items must be in plain view
B) Items must be uniquely valuable
C) Items must be demanded by complainant
D) Items must be tagged immediately
  • 44. A suspect voluntarily allows police to search his car. The search is valid only if:
A) Signed by barangay officer
B) Lawyer is present
C) Daytime
D) Consent is free and informed
  • 45. Police see illegal drugs on a table through an open window. Entry and seizure without a warrant is:
A) Valid under plain view doctrine
B) Invalid due to lack of warrant
C) Invalid without barangay witness
D) Valid only with consent
  • 46. A search warrant issued for “stolen electronics” is used to seize firearms. This seizure is:
A) Valid only if in plain view
B) Valid because weapons are dangerous
C) Valid if same room
D) Automatically invalid
  • 47. A suspect is arrested for theft. Police then search his house without warrant. The search is:
A) Valid if evidence is later found
B) Valid only if victim requests
C) Invalid; arrest doesn’t include home search
D) Valid search incident to arrest
  • 48. A cellphone is seized during legal arrest. To view messages, police must:
A) Immediately review
B) Ask informant first
C) Forward to prosecutor
D) Obtain warrant
  • 49. Warrant must particularly describe:
A) Type of building
B) Only address of area
C) Items OR persons sought
D) Reason for search
  • 50. A judge issues a search warrant for two crimes. Is it valid?
A) No; must be for one offense
B) Yes if crimes related
C) Yes if signed by prosecutor
D) Valid only in daytime
  • 51. A hotel room is searched without a warrant while the guest is inside. No emergency exists. This is:
A) Invalid; privacy applies
B) Valid if guest is foreign
C) Legal with hotel permission
D) Legal if items are visible
  • 52. Evidence seized illegally is:
A) Admissible if relevant
B) Inadmissible
C) Valid if approved by prosecutor
D) Admissible if confession follows
  • 53. Which scenario makes a warrantless arrest valid?
A) Suspect previously convicted
B) Suspect found near crime hours later
C) Anonymous tip reported crime
D) Crime committed in officer’s presence
  • 54. The exclusionary rule provides that:
A) Only stolen items may be seized
B) Evidence legally obtained must be returned
C) Police must always obtain consent
D) Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible
  • 55. Police knock, the resident opens, and illegal items are visible. Seizure without warrant is justified by:
A) General warrant
B) Protective sweep
C) Plain view
D) Hot pursuit
  • 56. A search was done at the correct house but used an expired warrant. Evidence is:
A) Valid due to correct address
B) Inadmissible
C) Valid if signed by witness
D) Valid if documented
  • 57. A warrant is issued by a judge who never personally evaluated evidence. The warrant is:
A) Invalid; no personal determination
B) Valid if prosecutor confirmed
C) Valid if police swore affidavit C. Invalid; no personal
D) Valid if offense is serious
  • 58. A landlord grants police permission to search a tenant’s room. Evidence found is:
A) Valid if crime suspected
B) Invalid; tenant controls privacy
C) Valid with witness signatures
D) Valid; landlord owns property
  • 59. Police trail a suspect and enter his home while in immediate pursuit. Seizure without warrant is:
A) Valid only with barangay chief present
B) Valid due to hot pursuit doctrine
C) Invalid because house is private
D) Valid if suspect is armed
  • 60. A journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
A) journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
B) Violates right to privacy despite public status
C) Allowed due to freedom of information
D) Protected speech because official is public figure
  • 61. Government prohibits a rally due to credible intelligence of imminent violence. Limitation is based on:
A) Privacy of participants
B) Speech always unrestricted
C) Seditious liability only
D) Prior restraint for national security
  • 62. A suspect is forced to answer questions about involvement in a crime. This violates:
A) Right against self-incrimination
B) Right to privacy
C) Freedom of speech
D) Freedom of contract
  • 63. Police search personal files on a phone during arrest without warrant. This violates:
A) Freedom of speech
B) Right to privacy
C) Right to travel
D) Immunity clause
  • 64. A student posts threats online against a classmate. School sanctions are challenged. Decision?
A) Protected speech
B) Not protected; threats unprotected
C) Protected by privacy rights
D) Exempt if done off-campus
  • 65. Which illustrates a valid limitation on freedom of speech?
A) Banning criticism of officials
B) Restricting obscenity distribution
C) Prohibiting media reporting
D) Censoring academic journals
  • 66. A witness refuses to testify about a friend’s criminal act despite not being implicated. Right against self-incrimination:
A) Applies only with counsel
B) Applies only in civil cases
C) Does not apply
D) Applies
  • 67. A homeowner refuses warrantless entry to officers. Officer insists due to “public curiosity.” Decision?
A) Valid if neighbors complain
B) Valid only at night
C) Valid; public safety
D) Invalid; privacy violated
  • 68. A celebrity sues media for photographing him eating in a public plaza. Likely ruling:
A) Criminal act against free speech
B) Protected against self-incrimination
C) Violation of privacy rights
D) No violation; no reasonable expectation of privacy
  • 69. A citizen refuses to provide handwriting sample in a forgery case. This refusal:
A) Not protected; physical evidence
B) Protected unless with warrant
C) Protected; testimonial
D) Protected only with counsel present
  • 70. Government prohibits distribution of pamphlets urging imminent violent uprising. This is based on:
A) Strict scrutiny
B) Prior restraint ban
C) Clear and present danger
D) Overbreadth doctrine
  • 71. A person declines to answer whether he owns a gun, as answer may incriminate him. Validity?
A) Invalid; weapon is property
B) Invalid; not in court
C) Valid; testimonial link
D) Invalid if witness present
  • 72. A school inspects lockers for prohibited items. No consent needed because:
A) Academic privilege
B) Reduced expectation of privacy
C) Freedom of speech
D) Right against self-incrimination
  • 73. A street protest is allowed but regulated to avoid blocking traffic. This is:
A) Censorship
B) Prior restraint
C) Legitimate time-place-manner regulation
D) Overly restrictive
  • 74. A public servant claims privacy to refuse disclosure of SALN. Decision?
A) Automatic exemption
B) Granted if notarized
C) Granted; personal property
D) Denied; transparency interest
  • 75. A suspect voluntarily confesses at police station. He later claims right against self-incrimination was violated. Valid?
A) No; voluntary statements allowed
B) Yes; requires three witnesses
C) No; police can compel silence
D) Yes; counsel always needed
  • 76. A newspaper exposes tax fraud but includes bank PINs of the subject. Analysis:
A) Illegal; excessive invasion of privacy
B) Allowed under fair comment
C) Protected editorial
D) Legal; public concern
  • 77. The right against self-incrimination protects against:
A) Mandatory registration
B) All physical tests
C) Compelled testimonial evidence
D) All searches
  • 78. A blogger encourages peaceful protests. Authorities arrest him for inciting violence. Decision?
A) Valid arrest
B) Valid; all protests can be banned
C) Invalid; no clear danger shown
D) Valid if online
  • 79. A person claims privacy to block investigation of illegal weapons stored at home. Analysis:
A) Protected unless public demands
B) Privacy yields to lawful warrant
C) Privacy absolute
D) Protected if no confession
  • 80. A man is detained without charges. His family wants immediate release. Which remedy applies?
A) Writ of Habeas Corpus
B) Writ of Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Mandamus
  • 81. A woman claims unknown men are surveilling her movements after she criticized officials. She petitions to stop the threat. Which writ is proper?
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Prohibition
  • 82. Police deny possession of a missing person. Family seeks protection and disclosure of his whereabouts. What is the appropriate remedy?
A) Injunction
B) Habeas Corpus only
C) Habeas Data only
D) Amparo
  • 83. A government agency keeps false information about a citizen affecting his security. Which writ can correct or destroy said data?
A) Prohibition
B) Habeas Data
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 84. A detainee is transferred secretly between facilities to avoid inspection. To compel production of the body, family may file:
A) Certiorari
B) Prohibition
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 85. Which remedy focuses on the right to life, liberty, and security, regardless of detention status?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Injunction
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 86. A private corporation stores an individual’s personal files without consent, affecting his privacy. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Prohibition
D) Habeas Data
  • 87. A political activist’s location is concealed by authorities. His family wants release and immediate presentation. Which writ is most appropriate?
A) Amparo
B) Quo Warranto
C) Habeas Data
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 88. A petitioner seeks to stop harassment and threats despite no detention. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Certiorari
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data only
  • 89. A wrongfully detained citizen requests the court to examine cause of restraint. This describes:
A) Quo Warranto
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 90. Which writ grants access to personal records held by police and permits correction?
A) Mandamus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 91. A human rights worker fears abduction by state agents. Which remedy protects her security?
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Certiorari
  • 92. A soldier in custody is reported dead, but family doubts the claim. They seek to verify and locate him. Remedy?
A) Mandamus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 93. A person under surveillance wants to know what information is being collected by police. Best writ?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Mandamus
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 94. . A family wants court protection from threats by unknown armed groups. They do not seek release. What writ?
    L
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Injunction
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 95. Person held without warrant asks the court to justify the legality of detention.
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Prohibition
  • 96. A student believes her personal digital files are tampered with by intelligence units. She requests verification and correction.
A) Habeas Data
B) Certiorari
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 97. Which writ may compel government to investigate threats to a witness’s life?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Quo Warranto
  • 98. . A detainee is lawfully restrained but wants access to personal files held by military. Most appropriate writ?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Habeas Data
C) Injunction
D) Amparo
  • 99. Petitioners allege enforced disappearance by military agents and seek command responsibility. Proper writ?
A) Amparo
B) Injunction
C) Habeas Corpus only
D) Habeas Data only
  • 100. A mother believes her 17-year-old son is being detained in a police substation without charges for more than 48 hours. What is the most appropriate judicial remedy she should immediately pursue?
A) Writ of Amparo
B) Writ of Habeas Corpus
C) Writ of Habeas Data
D) Writ of Kalikasan
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