CLJ2 HREDUC
  • 1. A person was dismissed from government service without being informed of the charges. Which constitutional right was violated?
A) Procedural due process
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection clause
D) Right to speedy disposition
  • 2. A law prohibits only journalists from criticizing the government. This violates:
A) Substantive due process
B) Procedural due process
C) Equal protection
D) Police power
  • 3. Police arrested a suspect without a warrant and denied him access to counsel. Which is violated?
A) . Bill of Attainder
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection clause
D) Procedural due process
  • 4. A city ordinance increases taxes only on students from private universities. This is unconstitutional because:
A) Substantive due process is upheld
B) Free speech is restricted
C) Equal protection is violated
D) Due process is denied
  • 5. Which situation BEST demonstrates substantive due process?
A) Lack of notice before hearing
B) Unfair trial procedure
C) A law punishing a lawful activity
D) Denial of appeal
  • 6. Applying a law only to individuals with a specific surname violates:
A) Substantive due process
B) Ex post facto limitation
C) Equal protection
D) Procedural due process
  • 7. A court admitted evidence obtained illegally. The violation involved:
A) Equal protection
B) Judicial review
C) Substantive due process
D) Procedural due process
  • 8. A suspect claims he was not allowed to defend himself during trial. Which constitutional safeguard supports his claim?
A) Equal protection
B) Procedural due process
C) Substantive due process
D) Habeas corpus
  • 9. . A law allows imprisonment without trial. This shows absence of:
A) Due process
B) Delegated legislation
C) Judicial review
D) Equal protection
  • 10. Government creates a rule that applies equally to all groups unless a valid distinction exists. This reflects:
A) Reverse discrimination
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection of laws
D) Administrative discretion
  • 11. To be valid, classification under the equal protection clause must:
A) Promote executive power
B) Favor majority
C) Be based on reasonable distinction
D) Be arbitrary
  • 12. Authorities closed a business without a hearing. What was violated?
A) Procedural due process
B) Equal protection
C) Substantive due process
D) Bill of Rights
  • 13. Law punishing crimes committed before its passage violates:
A) Ex post facto prohibition
B) Equal protection
C) Due process only
D) Substantive due process
  • 14. Equal protection is satisfied when:
A) . It favors the rich
B) Classification is reasonable and applies equally to those similarly situated
C) Majority approves
D) . It applies the same to foreigners only
  • 15. The essence of procedural due process in criminal cases is:
A) Executive intervention
B) Equal protection
C) Special privilege
D) Right to fair hearing
  • 16. A law allows detention based solely on suspicion without hearing. Unconstitutional because it violates:
A) Police power
B) Substantive due process
C) Both procedural & substantive due process
D) Equal protection
  • 17. Which illustrates equal protection in criminal justice?
A) Only locals are penalized; tourists are exempt
B) Penalties differ for same crime based on religion
C) All accused are entitled to the same defenses and penalties
D) Only wealthy accused receive counsel
  • 18. Before license cancellation, the government must notify and hear the driver. This is:
A) Police power
B) Equal protection
C) Procedural due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 19. A law increasing penalties only for a particular ethnic group is invalid due to violation of:
A) Police power
B) Equal protection
C) Procedural due process
D) Separation of powers
  • 20. Substantive due process primarily focuses on:
A) Equality of treatment
B) Court procedure
C) Burden of proof
D) Reasonableness of the law itself C. Court procedure
  • 21. A suspect is interrogated without being informed of his rights. What is the status of his signed confession?
A) Valid only if witnessed by two civilians
B) Inadmissible as evidence
C) Acceptable if notarized
D) Admissible if voluntary
  • 22. Police threaten a suspect with harm unless he confesses. This violates:
A) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
B) RA 7438 only
C) Neither; threat is allowed
D) RA 9745 only-begotten
  • 23. A suspect requests to talk privately with his lawyer, but officers insist to stay nearby. Is this compliant?
A) No; consultation must be private
B) No; unless recorded
C) Yes, for security reasons
D) Yes, if lawyer agrees
  • 24. Officers must inform the suspect of his rights in a language he:
A) Understands
B) Is fluent in only
C) Was taught formally
D) Prefers but must pay for B. Understands
  • 25. A foreign national is arrested. Which is required?
A) Proceed only after bail posting
B) Detain until translator is available, no notice
C) Inform him in local language only
D) Notify embassy or consular office
  • 26. Under RA 9745, forcing a suspect to watch torture of another person is considered:
A) Mental/psychological torture
B) Not torture
C) Administrative misconduct only
D) Valid interrogation strategy
  • 27. Officers interrogate a suspect whose lawyer arrives but is denied access. Statements obtained:
A) Admissible if voluntarily given
B) Inadmissible
C) Admissible if affirmed in court
D) Valid if recorded
  • 28. A suspect is detained secretly without access to family. This violates:
A) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
B) Neither
C) Only RA 7438
D) Only RA 9745
  • 29. Which can legally waive custodial rights?
A) By counsel alone
B) Verbally before investigator
C) In writing, in presence of counsel
D) By arresting officer certification
  • 30. Officers request the suspect to sign an apology letter admitting guilt. The suspect signs. Is this valid?
A) Yes, even without counsel
B) Valid if signed voluntarily before 2 witnesses
C) No; custodial rights violated
D) Yes, if handwritten
  • 31. Under RA 7438, a suspect has the right to communicate with family. This applies:
A) After evidence is gathered
B) From the moment of arrest
C) Only if bail is approved
D) Only after arraignment
  • 32. A suspect is denied food and water to force disclosure. This is:
A) Physical torture
B) Lawful custodial pressure
C) Threat only
D) Adjustment technique
  • 33. A minor is arrested. What must police ensure?
A) No interview allowed
B) Presence of a social worker
C) Immediate confession
D) Suspension of rights
  • 34. Which scenario shows lawful interrogation?
A) Private consultation with lawyer prior to questioning
B) Use of intimidation to avoid delays
C) Suspect interrogated even after invoking right to silence
D) Questioning suspect without counsel but rSuspect interrogated even after ecorded
  • 35. Under RA 9745, who has primary liability for torture?
A) Witnesses
B) Family members
C) Private institutions only
D) Law enforcement or persons in authority
  • 36. A suspect signed a confession after hours of sleep deprivation. Resulting evidence is:
A) Admissible due to signature
B) Valid if translated properly
C) Valid if lawyer signs
D) Inadmissible due to coercion
  • 37. A suspect invokes silence. Investigators continue questioning, pressuring him. What violation occurs?
A) RA 9745 only
B) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
C) None; silence isn't mandatory
D) RA 7438 only
  • 38. Which best applies the right under RA 7438?
A) Delay counsel to secure confession
B) Provide any lawyer, regardless of consent
C) Limit counsel to state-appointed only
D) Advise suspect of rights and allow chosen counsel
  • 39. For documentation under the Anti-Torture Act, which is required?
A) Permission from arresting officer
B) Signed confession only
C) Immediate medical examination of victim
D) Verbal report to media
  • 40. Police enter a house without a warrant after receiving an anonymous tip. No emergency exists. Evidence found is:
A) Admissible if homeowner absent
B) Valid if recorded on video
C) Inadmissible due to invalid entry
D) Admissible if serious crime
  • 41. During a checkpoint, police search a vehicle’s trunk without consent or probable cause. Resulting evidence is:
A) Valid if contraband is seen
B) Valid if the driver looks suspicious
C) Inadmissible for lack of basis
D) Admissible only if witness present
  • 42. A warrant authorizes search of “Juan’s house.” Police also search the neighboring home. This is:
A) Invalid; beyond warrant scope
B) Allowed if property is adjacent
C) Valid if related to same suspect
D) Valid if crime is ongoing
  • 43. Items not listed in a warrant are seized during search. What is required to validate seizure?
A) Items must be in plain view
B) Items must be uniquely valuable
C) Items must be tagged immediately
D) Items must be demanded by complainant
  • 44. A suspect voluntarily allows police to search his car. The search is valid only if:
A) Signed by barangay officer
B) Daytime
C) Lawyer is present
D) Consent is free and informed
  • 45. Police see illegal drugs on a table through an open window. Entry and seizure without a warrant is:
A) Valid only with consent
B) Invalid without barangay witness
C) Valid under plain view doctrine
D) Invalid due to lack of warrant
  • 46. A search warrant issued for “stolen electronics” is used to seize firearms. This seizure is:
A) Automatically invalid
B) Valid only if in plain view
C) Valid if same room
D) Valid because weapons are dangerous
  • 47. A suspect is arrested for theft. Police then search his house without warrant. The search is:
A) Valid if evidence is later found
B) Invalid; arrest doesn’t include home search
C) Valid search incident to arrest
D) Valid only if victim requests
  • 48. A cellphone is seized during legal arrest. To view messages, police must:
A) Forward to prosecutor
B) Ask informant first
C) Immediately review
D) Obtain warrant
  • 49. Warrant must particularly describe:
A) Only address of area
B) Items OR persons sought
C) Type of building
D) Reason for search
  • 50. A judge issues a search warrant for two crimes. Is it valid?
A) No; must be for one offense
B) Yes if crimes related
C) Valid only in daytime
D) Yes if signed by prosecutor
  • 51. A hotel room is searched without a warrant while the guest is inside. No emergency exists. This is:
A) Valid if guest is foreign
B) Invalid; privacy applies
C) Legal with hotel permission
D) Legal if items are visible
  • 52. Evidence seized illegally is:
A) Valid if approved by prosecutor
B) Admissible if confession follows
C) Admissible if relevant
D) Inadmissible
  • 53. Which scenario makes a warrantless arrest valid?
A) Suspect previously convicted
B) Anonymous tip reported crime
C) Suspect found near crime hours later
D) Crime committed in officer’s presence
  • 54. The exclusionary rule provides that:
A) Police must always obtain consent
B) Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible
C) Only stolen items may be seized
D) Evidence legally obtained must be returned
  • 55. Police knock, the resident opens, and illegal items are visible. Seizure without warrant is justified by:
A) Protective sweep
B) General warrant
C) Hot pursuit
D) Plain view
  • 56. A search was done at the correct house but used an expired warrant. Evidence is:
A) Valid if documented
B) Valid if signed by witness
C) Valid due to correct address
D) Inadmissible
  • 57. A warrant is issued by a judge who never personally evaluated evidence. The warrant is:
A) Valid if prosecutor confirmed
B) Valid if police swore affidavit C. Invalid; no personal
C) Valid if offense is serious
D) Invalid; no personal determination
  • 58. A landlord grants police permission to search a tenant’s room. Evidence found is:
A) Invalid; tenant controls privacy
B) Valid; landlord owns property
C) Valid with witness signatures
D) Valid if crime suspected
  • 59. Police trail a suspect and enter his home while in immediate pursuit. Seizure without warrant is:
A) Valid if suspect is armed
B) Valid due to hot pursuit doctrine
C) Valid only with barangay chief present
D) Invalid because house is private
  • 60. A journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
A) journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
B) Allowed due to freedom of information
C) Protected speech because official is public figure
D) Violates right to privacy despite public status
  • 61. Government prohibits a rally due to credible intelligence of imminent violence. Limitation is based on:
A) Privacy of participants
B) Prior restraint for national security
C) Seditious liability only
D) Speech always unrestricted
  • 62. A suspect is forced to answer questions about involvement in a crime. This violates:
A) Right to privacy
B) Freedom of speech
C) Freedom of contract
D) Right against self-incrimination
  • 63. Police search personal files on a phone during arrest without warrant. This violates:
A) Immunity clause
B) Right to privacy
C) Right to travel
D) Freedom of speech
  • 64. A student posts threats online against a classmate. School sanctions are challenged. Decision?
A) Not protected; threats unprotected
B) Exempt if done off-campus
C) Protected by privacy rights
D) Protected speech
  • 65. Which illustrates a valid limitation on freedom of speech?
A) Censoring academic journals
B) Restricting obscenity distribution
C) Prohibiting media reporting
D) Banning criticism of officials
  • 66. A witness refuses to testify about a friend’s criminal act despite not being implicated. Right against self-incrimination:
A) Does not apply
B) Applies only in civil cases
C) Applies
D) Applies only with counsel
  • 67. A homeowner refuses warrantless entry to officers. Officer insists due to “public curiosity.” Decision?
A) Invalid; privacy violated
B) Valid only at night
C) Valid; public safety
D) Valid if neighbors complain
  • 68. A celebrity sues media for photographing him eating in a public plaza. Likely ruling:
A) Criminal act against free speech
B) Violation of privacy rights
C) Protected against self-incrimination
D) No violation; no reasonable expectation of privacy
  • 69. A citizen refuses to provide handwriting sample in a forgery case. This refusal:
A) Protected; testimonial
B) Protected unless with warrant
C) Not protected; physical evidence
D) Protected only with counsel present
  • 70. Government prohibits distribution of pamphlets urging imminent violent uprising. This is based on:
A) Overbreadth doctrine
B) Strict scrutiny
C) Prior restraint ban
D) Clear and present danger
  • 71. A person declines to answer whether he owns a gun, as answer may incriminate him. Validity?
A) Valid; testimonial link
B) Invalid if witness present
C) Invalid; not in court
D) Invalid; weapon is property
  • 72. A school inspects lockers for prohibited items. No consent needed because:
A) Reduced expectation of privacy
B) Right against self-incrimination
C) Academic privilege
D) Freedom of speech
  • 73. A street protest is allowed but regulated to avoid blocking traffic. This is:
A) Censorship
B) Overly restrictive
C) Legitimate time-place-manner regulation
D) Prior restraint
  • 74. A public servant claims privacy to refuse disclosure of SALN. Decision?
A) Automatic exemption
B) Granted if notarized
C) Denied; transparency interest
D) Granted; personal property
  • 75. A suspect voluntarily confesses at police station. He later claims right against self-incrimination was violated. Valid?
A) Yes; requires three witnesses
B) No; police can compel silence
C) No; voluntary statements allowed
D) Yes; counsel always needed
  • 76. A newspaper exposes tax fraud but includes bank PINs of the subject. Analysis:
A) Protected editorial
B) Illegal; excessive invasion of privacy
C) Legal; public concern
D) Allowed under fair comment
  • 77. The right against self-incrimination protects against:
A) Compelled testimonial evidence
B) All searches
C) Mandatory registration
D) All physical tests
  • 78. A blogger encourages peaceful protests. Authorities arrest him for inciting violence. Decision?
A) Valid if online
B) Valid; all protests can be banned
C) Invalid; no clear danger shown
D) Valid arrest
  • 79. A person claims privacy to block investigation of illegal weapons stored at home. Analysis:
A) Privacy absolute
B) Protected unless public demands
C) Protected if no confession
D) Privacy yields to lawful warrant
  • 80. A man is detained without charges. His family wants immediate release. Which remedy applies?
A) Habeas Data
B) Writ of Habeas Corpus
C) Writ of Amparo
D) Mandamus
  • 81. A woman claims unknown men are surveilling her movements after she criticized officials. She petitions to stop the threat. Which writ is proper?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Habeas Data
C) Amparo
D) Prohibition
  • 82. Police deny possession of a missing person. Family seeks protection and disclosure of his whereabouts. What is the appropriate remedy?
A) Habeas Corpus only
B) Amparo
C) Injunction
D) Habeas Data only
  • 83. A government agency keeps false information about a citizen affecting his security. Which writ can correct or destroy said data?
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Prohibition
D) Amparo
  • 84. A detainee is transferred secretly between facilities to avoid inspection. To compel production of the body, family may file:
A) Certiorari
B) Prohibition
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 85. Which remedy focuses on the right to life, liberty, and security, regardless of detention status?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Injunction
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 86. A private corporation stores an individual’s personal files without consent, affecting his privacy. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Prohibition
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 87. A political activist’s location is concealed by authorities. His family wants release and immediate presentation. Which writ is most appropriate?
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Quo Warranto
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 88. A petitioner seeks to stop harassment and threats despite no detention. Which writ applies?
A) Certiorari
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data only
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 89. A wrongfully detained citizen requests the court to examine cause of restraint. This describes:
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Quo Warranto
  • 90. Which writ grants access to personal records held by police and permits correction?
A) Mandamus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 91. A human rights worker fears abduction by state agents. Which remedy protects her security?
A) Certiorari
B) Habeas Data
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 92. A soldier in custody is reported dead, but family doubts the claim. They seek to verify and locate him. Remedy?
A) Amparo
B) Mandamus
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 93. A person under surveillance wants to know what information is being collected by police. Best writ?
A) Habeas Data
B) Mandamus
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 94. . A family wants court protection from threats by unknown armed groups. They do not seek release. What writ?
    L
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Injunction
D) Habeas Data
  • 95. Person held without warrant asks the court to justify the legality of detention.
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Prohibition
  • 96. A student believes her personal digital files are tampered with by intelligence units. She requests verification and correction.
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Certiorari
  • 97. Which writ may compel government to investigate threats to a witness’s life?
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Quo Warranto
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 98. . A detainee is lawfully restrained but wants access to personal files held by military. Most appropriate writ?
A) Injunction
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 99. Petitioners allege enforced disappearance by military agents and seek command responsibility. Proper writ?
A) Injunction
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data only
D) Habeas Corpus only
  • 100. A mother believes her 17-year-old son is being detained in a police substation without charges for more than 48 hours. What is the most appropriate judicial remedy she should immediately pursue?
A) Writ of Habeas Corpus
B) Writ of Habeas Data
C) Writ of Kalikasan
D) Writ of Amparo
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