Mexican War of Independence - Quiz
Mexican War of Independence
  • 1. What event in Spain coincided with Iturbide's 1820 assignment to the Oaxaca expedition?
A) A naval blockade by British forces
B) A successful military coup against Ferdinand VII
C) A massive protest in Madrid
D) The death of the Spanish monarch
  • 2. What document were the coup leaders in Spain compelled to reinstate?
A) The Royalist Charter of 1808
B) The liberal Spanish Constitution of 1812
C) The Treaty of Cordoba
D) The Plan of Iguala
  • 3. How did Iturbide perceive the news of the liberal charter in New Spain?
A) As a reason to immediately surrender to the insurgents
B) As a threat to the status quo and a catalyst for creole control
C) As an opportunity to restore absolute monarchy
D) As a complete victory for the peasant insurgency
  • 4. What was a major reason for the royalist army's loss of military support?
A) The soldiers were paid in foreign currency
B) The royalist treasury was stolen by pirates
C) The Spanish King withdrew his financial backing
D) Town councils refused to raise taxes to support them
  • 5. Why did Guerrero want to reach an accommodation with the royalist army?
A) To prevent creole elites from excluding insurgents from independence
B) Because the Spanish government offered him a pardon
C) Because he wanted to become the new king
D) Because he ran out of gunpowder and supplies
  • 6. What did Guerrero object to regarding the 1812 Spanish Constitution?
A) Its requirement that the king be exiled
B) Its high taxation of the Catholic Church
C) Its removal of all military leaders
D) Its exclusion of Afro-Mexicans from citizenship
  • 7. Where and when was the Plan of Iguala proclaimed?
A) Mexico City, March 15, 1821
B) Oaxaca, January 1, 1821
C) Iguala, February 24, 1821
D) Veracruz, December 25, 1820
  • 8. Which of the following was NOT one of the three principles (guarantees) of the Plan of Iguala?
A) Equality for all inhabitants
B) The immediate abolition of the monarchy
C) Independence from Spain
D) The Roman Catholic Church as the established religion
  • 9. What did Point 12 of the Plan of Iguala establish regarding citizenship?
A) Only European whites can hold government office
B) Afro-Mexicans must serve in the military to gain rights
C) Indians are excluded from holding public office
D) All inhabitants are citizens regardless of their racial background
  • 10. What was the name of the new army created to enforce the Plan of Iguala?
A) The Royalist Coalition Army
B) The Army of the Three Guarantees
C) The Independence Militia
D) The Southern Liberation Force
  • 11. What colors did Iturbide adopt to symbolize the three guarantees?
A) Purple, yellow, and black
B) Red, white, and blue
C) Blue, white, and gold
D) Green, white, and red
  • 12. Which insurgent leader specifically raised concerns about the Plan of Iguala's commitment to racial equality?
A) Gordiano Guzmán
B) Juan Rodriguez
C) Iturbide
D) Ferdinand VII
  • 13. Why did some insurgents refuse to join the Army of the Three Guarantees?
A) They felt the plan protected the privileges of the elites
B) They were prohibited from joining due to their race
C) They wanted to remain loyal to the Spanish King
D) They preferred to leave Mexico for another country
  • 14. What phrase from the Plan of Iguala did Guzmán use to express his skepticism?
A) According to their merits and virtues
B) The protection of the elite
C) Liberty and justice for all
D) Equality of the citizens
  • 15. How were the former Royalist government officials treated under the Plan of Iguala?
A) They were required to reapply for their jobs
B) They were allowed to retain their same positions
C) They were forced into exile
D) They were demoted to lower ranks
  • 16. Which viceroy was in office in New Spain when Napoleon invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 1808?
A) Pedro de Garibay
B) Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont
C) Francisco Javier Venegas
D) José de Iturrigaray
  • 17. Which group in Mexico City primarily promoted ideas of autonomy for New Spain following the 1808 crisis?
A) The royal military leadership
B) The city council (ayuntamiento)
C) The High Court (Audiencia)
D) The merchant guild (consulado)
  • 18. Who led the coup d'état against Viceroy Iturrigaray in September 1808?
A) Pedro de Garibay
B) Gabriel de Yermo
C) Ignacio Allende
D) Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
  • 19. Who was installed as viceroy by the peninsular rebels after they ousted Iturrigaray?
A) Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont
B) Gabriel de Yermo
C) Pedro de Garibay
D) Francisco Javier Venegas
  • 20. Who is considered the 'father of the Mexican nation'?
A) Ignacio Allende
B) José María Morelos
C) Félix María Calleja del Rey
D) Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
  • 21. Where did the 'Conspiracy of Querétaro' hold its meetings under the guise of being a literary society?
A) Mexico City
B) Guanajuato
C) Dolores
D) Querétaro
  • 22. What was the name of the official's wife who warned the conspirators that their plot had been discovered?
A) The Virgin of Guadalupe
B) Ana Iraeta de Mier
C) Josefa Ortíz de Domínguez
D) Josefa Quintana
  • 23. In which city did the rebels fight a horrific battle at the public granary, the Alhóndiga de Granaditas?
A) Guanajuato
B) Mexico City
C) Guadalajara
D) Dolores
  • 24. Which king led the Spanish Empire during the American Revolution?
A) Ferdinand VII
B) Charles III
C) Louis XVI
D) Napoleon Bonaparte
  • 25. In what year did Haiti gain independence?
A) 1783
B) 1776
C) 1804
D) 1789
  • 26. Who were the primary targets for recruitment in the Spanish royal bureaucracy under the Bourbon Reforms?
A) Indigenous leaders
B) American-born elites
C) Peninsular-born officials
D) Foreign diplomats
  • 27. Which religious order was expelled from the Spanish Empire in 1767?
A) Augustinians
B) Dominicans
C) Franciscans
D) Jesuits
  • 28. What institution acted as a mediator between competing groups in New Spain?
A) The Haitian revolutionary council
B) Corporate entities
C) The French sugar companies
D) The Anglo-American congress
  • 29. When did the Spanish crown begin creating a standing military in New Spain?
A) 1790s
B) 1780s
C) 1760s
D) 1808
  • 30. What was considered the 'motor' of the economy of New Spain?
A) Indigenous textile manufacturing
B) The Catholic Church
C) Sugar production
D) Silver mining
  • 31. Who were the primary borrowers affected by the 1804 Act of Consolidation?
A) Criollo land owners
B) Peninsular-born mine owners
C) French colonial aristocrats
D) Haitian revolutionary leaders
  • 32. What was the starting date of the Mexican War of Independence?
A) 16 September 1810
B) 28 September 1810
C) 27 September 1810
D) 16 September 1821
  • 33. Who did Napoleon place on the Spanish throne after Charles IV abdicated?
A) Juan O'Donojú
B) Joseph Bonaparte
C) Agustín de Iturbide
D) Ferdinand VII
  • 34. Who signed the Treaty of Córdoba, ending Spanish colonial rule?
A) Vicente Guerrero
B) Ferdinand VII
C) Agustín de Iturbide
D) Juan O'Donojú
  • 35. In what year did Spain finally recognize Mexican independence?
A) 1829
B) 1821
C) 1836
D) 1823
  • 36. What political entity replaced the First Mexican Empire in 1823?
A) An autocratic military dictatorship
B) A Spanish colony
C) A royalist monarchy
D) A federal republic
  • 37. Which social group were American-born Spaniards seeking more control?
A) Afro-Mexicans
B) Peninsulares
C) American Indians
D) Criollos
  • 38. What year was the Constitution of 1824 codified?
A) 1836
B) 1824
C) 1821
D) 1812
  • 39. What type of warfare did the insurgency devolve into after the death of Morelos?
A) Diplomatic negotiation
B) Guerrilla warfare
C) Total war
D) Naval warfare
  • 40. Who led an expedition to attempt to reconquer Mexico in 1829?
A) Agustín de Iturbide
B) Juan O'Donojú
C) Isidro Barradas
D) Charles IV
  • 41. In what year was the reformist Viceroy Diego Carrillo de Mendoza ousted?
A) 1542
B) 1692
C) 1642
D) 1624
  • 42. What was the birth name of the Irishman Don Guillén Lampart y Guzmán?
A) Diego Carrillo
B) William Lamport
C) Cristóbal de Villalpando
D) Hernán Cortés
  • 43. What group instigated the 1692 riot in Mexico City?
A) Elite Creoles
B) Plebeians
C) The Inquisition
D) Encomenderos
  • 44. What was a primary cause of the 1692 riot?
A) The New Laws
B) The removal of a viceroy
C) The execution of William Lamport
D) A hike in maize prices
  • 45. In what year did the 'Conspiracy of the Machetes' take place?
A) 1799
B) 1692
C) 1810
D) 1624
  • 46. Which group occupied the highest levels of government in the Spanish Empire?
A) African Mexicans
B) Creoles
C) Indigenous groups
D) Peninsulares
  • 47. What type of Catholicism did the ruling Peninsulares prefer?
A) Modern Catholicism
B) Traditional Catholicism
C) Mexican Catholicism
D) Indigenous Catholicism
  • 48. What caused outcry among indigenous groups regarding their religious practices?
A) The requirement to practice Modern Catholicism
B) The abolition of Cofradias
C) Prohibitions on Lay preachers
D) The banning of the Spanish language
  • 49. How did indigenous groups try to resolve legal battles with the colonial regime?
A) Through separate indigenous courts
B) Through petitions to the French government
C) By ignoring all colonial laws
D) Through armed revolution
  • 50. What did the Creole elites wish to change about the social hierarchy?
A) Replace the monarchy with a democracy
B) Move up the social ladder
C) Lower the status of the Peninsulares to peasants
D) Eliminate the social ladder entirely
  • 51. In what year did the crisis occur that preceded the French invasion of Spain?
A) 1808
B) 1810
C) 1776
D) 1821
  • 52. What document was articulated by Rayón to claim that sovereignty arises directly from the people?
A) The Congress of Anáhuac
B) Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence
C) Elementos constitucionales
D) Sentiments of the Nation
  • 53. How long was Morelos besieged by royalist troops at Cuautla?
A) 72 days
B) 50 days
C) 30 days
D) 100 days
  • 54. What specific feast day did Morelos mandate to honor the Virgin of Guadalupe?
A) March 26
B) November 6
C) December 12
D) January 1
  • 55. Which of the following was a key city taken by Morelos?
A) Saltillo
B) Guanajuato
C) Zacatecas
D) Acapulco
  • 56. Who emerged as the most important insurgent leader following the execution of Morelos in 1815?
A) Agustín de Iturbide
B) Guadalupe Victoria
C) Francisco Javier Mina
D) Vicente Guerrero
  • 57. In what year did Francisco Javier Mina arrive in Mexico to join the independence movement?
A) 1815
B) 1817
C) 1820
D) 1816
  • 58. Where was Agustín de Iturbide born?
A) Puebla
B) Valladolid
C) Tixla
D) Rio Santander
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