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A) A written vocabulary B) A grammatical rulebook C) The standard accent D) A regional dialect
A) Since the end of the 15th century B) Since the late 20th century C) Since the year 1818 D) Since the late 19th and early 20th century
A) Vocabulary and spelling B) Regional dialects C) Matters of pronunciation D) Grammar and style
A) Phonetics and intonation B) Accent and stress C) Vocabulary, grammar, and style D) Vowels and consonants
A) Its modern dictionary definition B) Its name, exact definition, and geographic neutrality C) Its phonetic transcription rules D) Its exact number of vowels
A) It has completely disappeared B) It has become mandatory worldwide C) It has remained completely identical D) It has changed significantly
A) They were proven to be grammatically incorrect B) They have become outdated or not evidence-based C) They were banned by the BBC D) They lacked written records
A) Primary school science classes B) Language education and comparative linguistics C) Mathematical logic courses D) Engineering lectures
A) A written standard created by the BBC B) A foreign language spoken in northern England C) An ancient dialect from the 15th century D) A newer variety that evolved from earlier RP
A) It has become the global standard for all languages B) It has diminished C) It has replaced all other English accents D) It has grown exponentially
A) Northern Standard or Scottish Standard B) Queen's English or King's English C) London Cockney or Estuary English D) Global English or Oxford English
A) By the end of the 15th century B) By the early 20th century C) By the year 1818 D) By the late 19th century
A) Only in vocabulary B) Only in grammar C) No D) Yes
A) During the 15th century B) During the later 19th century C) During the late 20th century D) During the 18th century
A) A non-rhotic dialect B) A rhotic dialect C) A variable rhotic dialect D) A highly rhotic dialect
A) Southeastern England B) Eastern Ireland C) Northern Scotland D) Western Wales
A) Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Aberdeen B) Durham, Bristol, and Manchester C) London, Oxford, and Cambridge D) Eton, Harrow, and Rugby
A) Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Dublin B) Oxford, Cambridge, and London C) Eton, Harrow, and Rugby D) Winchester, Westminster, and St Paul's
A) Alexander John Ellis B) Henry C. K. Wyld C) Daniel Jones D) P. S. Du Ponceau
A) British-German B) American-Australian C) English-Canadian D) French-American
A) The Oxford English Dictionary B) Fowler's Modern English Usage C) The English Pronouncing Dictionary D) The BBC
A) Sir John Reith B) P. S. Du Ponceau C) Daniel Jones D) Alexander John Ellis
A) There is no such thing as a uniform educated pronunciation B) It is spoken identically by everyone in England C) It is strictly regulated by the government D) It was invented by Daniel Jones in 1917
A) By the turn of the century B) By the year 1710 C) By the late 20th century D) By the end of the 15th century
A) 1917 B) 1965 C) 1818 D) 1926
A) Henry C. K. Wyld B) Daniel Jones C) Alexander John Ellis D) P. S. Du Ponceau
A) Public school pronunciation B) Received Pronunciation C) King's English D) Received Standard
A) 1922 B) 1927 C) 1917 D) 1926
A) For want of a better term B) Because it was scientifically proven C) Because the King requested it D) Because P. S. Du Ponceau invented it
A) 1926 B) 1917 C) 1818 D) 1922
A) Sir John Reith B) Alexander John Ellis C) Henry C. K. Wyld D) Daniel Jones
A) Cockney and Estuary English B) American-influenced British English C) Educated and aristocratic southeastern English D) Northern public school pronunciation
A) Because Daniel Jones demanded it B) Because it was the cheapest accent to broadcast C) Because it was widely understood globally D) Because Parliament passed a law requiring it
A) Its duty to promote regional dialects B) Its educational responsibility to use 'correct' spoken English C) Its plan to replace English with French D) Its goal to eliminate all public schools
A) Received Standard B) Public School Pronunciation C) King's English D) Received Pronunciation
A) Henry C. K. Wyld B) Daniel Jones C) Alexander John Ellis D) Sir John Reith
A) Fowler's Modern English Usage B) English Pronouncing Dictionary C) Oxford English Dictionary D) The BBC Pronunciation Guide
A) Heard or listened to B) Transmitted or broadcast C) Written or published D) Accepted or approved
A) Received wisdom B) Received letter C) Received goods D) Received payment
A) Only in Australia B) No C) Only in North America D) Yes
A) A. C. Gimson B) Jack Windsor Lewis C) Beverley Collins D) Inger Mees
A) American B) Canadian C) Australian D) British
A) Oxford English B) Standard Southern British C) General British D) Non-Regional Pronunciation
A) 1960s B) 1950s C) 1970s D) 1980s
A) Jane Stuart-Smith B) Gimson and Ramsaran C) Trudgill et al. D) Upton and Cruttenden
A) Ramsaran B) Wells C) Cruttenden D) Gimson
A) High social class B) Northern regional identity C) Working-class solidarity D) Left-wing political views
A) William Ewart Gladstone B) Winston Churchill C) Robert Peel D) Benjamin Disraeli
A) 10% B) 5% C) 25% D) 3%
A) Conservative researchers B) British prime ministers from the 19th century C) Public boarding-school headmasters D) Some with left-wing political views
A) 3% B) 46% C) 10% D) 25%
A) 10% B) 25% C) 46% D) 5%
A) Wilfred Pickles B) Daniel Jones C) Lord Reith D) An unnamed German propagandist
A) First World War B) Second World War C) Cold War D) Boer War
A) A much larger role B) An exclusively mandatory role C) A much smaller role D) No role at all
A) Clive Upton B) Peter Roach C) Daniel Jones D) A. C. Gimson
A) 1952 B) 1962 C) 1982 D) 1972
A) Postalveolar approximant B) Bilabial fricative C) Dental plosive D) Velar nasal
A) [ɾ] B) [ɹ] C) [ʀ] D) [r]
A) spot B) stop C) impasse D) compass
A) compass B) impasse C) attempt D) bitten
A) A glottal stop B) A velar nasal C) A voiced fricative D) A dental plosive
A) Aspiration B) Velarisation C) Devoicing D) Glottal reinforcement
A) Nasal plosion B) Whispered breath C) Dental fricative D) Creaky voice
A) [əˈtʰempd] B) [əˈtʰemʔt] C) [əˈtʰemm̰t] D) [əˈtɛmpt]
A) A velar nasal B) A weak dental plosive C) A strong alveolar fricative D) A glottal stop
A) [nʔn] (a glottalized nasal) B) [n̪n̪] (a long dental nasal) C) [d̪d̪] (a long dental plosive) D) [ðn] (a reversed fricative)
A) At the beginning of a syllable B) In unstressed nasal syllables C) In the syllable rhyme D) Only before vowels
A) /ʌ/ B) /ɪ/ C) /e/ D) /ʊ/
A) /ʊ/ B) /ɒ/ C) /ə/ D) /ɪ/
A) /æ/ B) /ʌ/ C) /iː/ D) /e/
A) /ə/ B) /ɒ/ C) /uː/ D) /ʌ/
A) /e/ B) /æ/ C) /ɪ/ D) /ɑː/
A) /ʌ/ B) /ɒ/ C) /ʊ/ D) /ɔː/
A) /ɜː/ B) /ɪ/ C) /ə/ D) /ɛː/
A) /e/ B) /ɪ/ C) /iː/ D) /uː/
A) /uː/ B) /iː/ C) /ʊ/ D) /ɔː/
A) /ɛː/ B) /æ/ C) /ɜː/ D) /ɑː/
A) /ɛː/ B) /ə/ C) /ʌ/ D) /ɜː/
A) /ɔː/ B) /ɑː/ C) /ɒ/ D) /uː/
A) /ʌ/ B) /ɑː/ C) /ɔː/ D) /ɜː/
A) Clipped B) Triphthongal C) Monophthongal D) Diphthongal
A) ⟨ɛə, eə⟩ B) ⟨iː, uː⟩ C) ⟨ə, ʌ⟩ D) ⟨ɪ, ʊ⟩
A) The speaker's gender B) The number of syllables in a sentence C) Regional dialects only D) Their context
A) Devoicing B) Happy-tensing C) Vowel breaking D) Pre-fortis clipping
A) Identical in length B) Longer C) Shorter D) More central
A) 150 ms B) 165 ms C) 200 ms D) 172 ms
A) 140 ms B) 180 ms C) 172 ms D) 165 ms
A) Happy-tensing B) Pre-fortis clipping C) Glottal reinforcement D) Monophthongisation
A) Centring diphthongs B) Closing diphthongs C) Rising diphthongs D) Falling diphthongs
A) /aɪə/ B) /əʊ/ C) /ɔː/ D) /eɪə/
A) Conservative speakers B) Progressive speakers C) Younger speakers D) Foreign speakers
A) FOOT–STRUT merger B) CURE–FORCE merger C) TOWER–TIRE merger D) TRAP–BATH merger
A) /eɪ/ B) /əʊ/ C) /ɔɪ/ D) /aɪ/
A) l-deletion B) l-gemination C) l-palatalization D) l-vocalization
A) fold B) cloak C) None of the words D) his
A) /aɪə/ B) /oʊə/ C) /uːə/ D) /iːə/
A) /ɔɪə/ B) /əʊə/ C) /aɪə/ D) /aʊə/
A) /eɪə/ B) /əʊə/ C) /aʊə/ D) /aɪə/
A) tire B) tower C) loyal D) lower |