PES SS1 Economics (OBJ) 3rd Term Exam 2025/2026
  • 1. Cost means the amount of __ spent to produce goods or services.
A) Money
B) Machines
C) Time
D) People
  • 2. The total cost of producing a good is the sum of --- and ---cost.
A) Old and New cost
B) Fixed and Variable cost
C) Big and Small cost
D) Good and Bad cost
  • 3. Cost that does not change with level of output is called __.
A) Average cost
B) Variable cost
C) Fixed cost
D) Total cost
  • 4. Example of fixed cost is __.
A) Fuel for machines
B) Rent of factory
C) Wages of workers
D) Raw materials
  • 5. Cost that changes directly with output is called ---.
A) Variable cost
B) Social cost
C) Opportunity cost
D) Fixed cost
  • 6. Example of variable cost is ---.
A) License fee
B) Insurance premium
C) Cost of raw materials
D) Salary of manager
  • 7. Total cost is calculated as ---.
A) TC= Fixed cost - Variable cost
B) TC= Fixed cost / Variable cost
C) TC= Fixed cost * Variable cost
D) TC=Fixed cost + Variable cost
  • 8. The cost of the next best alternative forgone is called ---.
A) Average cost
B) Private cost
C) Marginal cost
D) Opportunity cost
  • 9. The cost of producing one additional unit of output is ---.
A) Total cost
B) Average cost
C) Marginal cost
D) Fixed cost
  • 10. Average Cost is equal to ---.
A) TC * Quantity
B) TC / Quantity
C) FC + VC
D) TC - Quantity
  • 11. An economic system is the way a country organizes and manages its ---.
A) Resources and production of goods and services
B) Religion
C) Schools
D) Sports
  • 12. In a capitalist economy, the means of production are owned by ---.
A) The government
B) Foreigners only
C) Private individuals
D) The community
  • 13. A major feature of capitalism is ---.
A) Government controls everything
B) No competition
C) Profit motive
D) Equal distribution of wealth
  • 14. Which country practices capitalism?
A) United States of America
B) Cuba
C) North Korea
D) China before 1978
  • 15. In socialism, the major means of production are owned by ---.
A) The state or government
B) No one
C) Religious leaders
D) Private individuals
  • 16. A feature of socialism is ---.
A) Private ownership of factories
B) Competition
C) Profit maximization
D) Equal distribution of wealth
  • 17. Socialism aims to reduce ---.
A) Inequality and exploitation
B) Jobs
C) Food production
D) Education
  • 18. A mixed economy combines features of ---.
A) Capitalism and Socialism
B) Socialism and Communalism
C) Capitalism and Communalism
D) None of the above
  • 19. Nigeria operates a --- economic system.
A) Mixed Economy
B) Pure Capitalism
C) Communalism
D) Pure Socialism
  • 20. A feature of communalism is ---.
A) Private ownership
B) Competition
C) Profit motive
D) Self-help and cooperation
  • 21. A practical example of diminishing marginal utility is ---.
A) Working more hours
B) Saving more money
C) Eating more and more rice at a sitting
D) Buying more cars
  • 22. The law of diminishing marginal utility helps to explain ---.
A) The law of demand
B) Cost of production
C) Government revenue
D) The law of supply
  • 23. If TU from 3 oranges = 30 utils and TU from 4 oranges = 36 utils, then MU of the 4th orange = ---.
A) 6 utils
B) 9 utils
C) 36 utils
D) 30 utils
  • 24. The formula for Marginal Utility is ---.
A) MU = TU + Quantity
B) MU = TU * Quantity
C) MU = TU - Quantity
D) MU = Change in TU / Change in Quantity
  • 25. Utility can be measured in units called ---.
A) Kilos
B) Dollars
C) Naira
D) Utils
  • 26. When Marginal Utility becomes negative, Total Utility ---.
A) Decreases
B) Increases
C) Remains constant
D) Becomes zero
  • 27. When Marginal Utility becomes zero, Total Utility is at its ---.
A) Negative
B) Maximum
C) Minimum
D) Zero
  • 28. Which of these best explains the law of diminishing marginal utility?
A) All cups give equal satisfaction
B) The 1st cup of water gives more satisfaction than the 5th cup
C) The 5th cup of water gives more satisfaction than the 1st cup
D) Water has no utility
  • 29. If TU increases at a decreasing rate, MU is ---.
A) Zero
B) Negative
C) Decreasing
D) Increasing
  • 30. The two main types of utility are ---.
A) Total Utility and Marginal Utility
B) Cost and Revenue Utility
C) Private and Social Utility
D) Fixed and Variable Utility
  • 31. Price determination in a free market is done through the interaction of __.
A) Buyers and sellers
B) Demand and Supply
C) Government and firms
D) Cost and Revenue
  • 32. The price at which quantity demanded equals quantity supplied is called __.
A) Controlled price
B) Fixed price
C) Market price
D) Equilibrium price
  • 33. At equilibrium price, there is __.
A) Shortage
B) High inflation
C) Surplus
D) No excess demand or supply
  • 34. If demand increases and supply remains constant, equilibrium price will __.
A) Rise
B) Become zero
C) Fall
D) Remain the same
  • 35. If supply increases and demand remains constant, equilibrium price will __.
A) Remain the same
B) Double
C) Rise
D) Fall
  • 36. A situation where quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied leads to __.
A) Shortage
B) Equilibrium
C) Surplus
D) Glut
  • 37. A situation where quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded leads to __.
A) Price control
B) Shortage
C) Surplus
D) Equilibrium
  • 38. The forces that bring the market back to equilibrium are __.
A) Price mechanism
B) Advertising
C) Taxation
D) Government policy
  • 39. In the diagram of demand and supply, equilibrium is where the __ curves intersect.
A) Cost and Revenue
B) Fixed and Variable
C) Demand and Supply
D) Private and Social
  • 40. If the price is above equilibrium price, there will be __.
A) Excess demand
B) Shortage
C) Excess supply
D) Black market
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