A) all of the above B) have smaller frontal lobes C) have larger ventricles D) tend to weight less E) have thinner hippocampal gyri
A) ventromedial prefrontal cortex B) amygdala C) orbitofrontal cortex D) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex E) hippocampus
A) frontal B) none of the above C) parietal D) occipital E) temporal
A) complex dendritic organization; fewer synapses than normal B) complex dendritic organization; more synapses than normal C) simple dendritic organization; fewer synapses than normal D) simple dendritic organization; more synapses than normal
A) dopamine receptors; basal ganglia; frontal B) pyramidal neurons; hippocampus; frontal C) multimodal neurons; amygdala; temporal D) sensory neurons; primary motor cortex; parietal
A) tectum B) basal ganglia C) cerebellum D) tegmental area E) PAG
A) chronic; negative B) acute; negative C) chronic; positive D) acute; positive
A) a dopaminergic dysfunction; more B) a dopaminergic dysfunction; less C) structural abnormalities; more D) structural abnormalities; less
A) a dopaminergic dysfunction; poorly B) structural abnormalities; poorly C) a dopaminergic dysfunction; better D) structural abnormalities; better
A) 50 B) 10 C) 75 D) 30 E) 15
A) serotonin B) all of the above C) GABA and glutamate D) norepinepherine E) testosterone and estrogen
A) heightened; decreased B) less; increased C) less; decreased D) heightened; increased
A) All of the above are true. B) BDNF is downregulated by stress. C) BDNF dysfucntion may adverseley affect monoamine systems through the loss of either neurons or synapses. D) BDNF acts to enhanve the growth and survival or neurons and synapses. E) BDNF is upregulated by antidepressant medication.
A) chronic stress B) negative affect C) anhedonia D) loss of interest E) sleep difficulty
A) medial thalamus B) amygdala C) dorsolateral and medial prefrontal D) orbitofrontal
A) amygdala B) all of the above C) medial thalamus D) orbitofrontal regions
A) prefrontal cortex B) hypothalamus C) amygdala D) none of the above E) hippocampus
A) orbitofrontal cortex; HPA axis B) HPA axis; orbitofrontal cortex C) HPA axis; dorsolateral regions D) dorsolateral regions; HPA axis
A) dorsolateral B) amygdala C) HPA axis D) orbitofrontal
A) rumination B) memory and attentional processing C) emotional processing D) sleep
A) Um...waffles? B) True C) I have no idea. D) False
A) Kluver Bucy syndrome B) Alzheimer's disease C) Huntington's chorea D) Tourette's syndrome E) Dementia
A) apraxia, aphasia, and agnosias B) thinning of the cerebral cortex C) shrinkage of the cerebral cortex D) atrophied basal ganglia with loss of intrinsic neurons and an imbalance of neurotransmitter symptoms E) death of GABA and Acetylcholine neurons in the basal ganglia
A) ACh and GABA neurons die in the Substantia Nigra. B) ACh and GABA neurons die in the Basal Ganglia. C) all of the above D) none of the above E) ACh and GABA neurons die in the cortex.
A) problems of recent memory and information processing B) vocal tics, echolalia, coprolalia, and motor tics C) inability to sustain muscle contraction or tongue protrusion D) progressively worse restless involuntary movements E) reduction of activity and interest
A) frontal-lobe tests B) memory tests C) visual, auditory, and tactile perceptual tests D) none of the above E) all of the above
A) 1. multiple tics 2. multiple tics and inarticulate cries 3. articulated words and multiple tics B) 1. articulated words 2. inarticulate cries 3. multiple tics C) 1. inarticulate cries 2. articulated words 3. multiple tics
A) Tourette's syndrome has a familial/genetic basis. B) Tourette's syndrome is less common than previously expected. C) Tourette's syndrome has life long symptoms. D) Tourette's syndrome does not have neurosis or psychosis. E) Tourette's syndrome usually begins between 2 and 15 years old
A) acetylcholine; basal ganglia B) acetylcholine; cerebellum C) dopaminergic; basal ganglia D) dopaminergic; cerebellum
A) Neurosyphillis B) Korsakoff's syndrome C) Alzheimer's disease D) AIDS E) Multiple Sclerosis
A) Vascular B) Multiple Sclerosis C) Korsakoff's D) Infectious E) Alzheimer's disease
A) the primary motor cortex, the parahippocampal formation, and the entorhinal cortex B) occipital areas, superior temporal suclus, and the somatosensory cortex C) the blueberries, the apples, and the oranges D) posterior patietal areas, inferior temporal cortex, and the limbic cortex
A) none of the above B) increased concentrations of amyloid plaques in the cerebral cortex C) neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus D) all of the above E) dendritic arborization related to widespread cortical atrophy
A) insula B) superior temporal sulcus C) orbitofrontal cortex D) hypothalamus E) entorhinal cortex
A) trace metals B) abnormal proteins C) immune reactions D) watermelon E) genetics |