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Fieldstone - Quiz
Fieldstone
  • 1. What primary activity by European settlers led to the abundance of fieldstone in New England?
A) Mining for minerals
B) Clearcutting forests
C) Building permanent roads
D) Developing urban cities
  • 2. When did large-scale clear-cutting begin in New England?
A) Late 18th century
B) Early 17th century
C) Mid 19th century
D) Early 20th century
  • 3. Why did frost-churned stones rise to the surface of New England soil?
A) Over-grazing by livestock
B) High levels of rainfall
C) Natural erosion from wind
D) Deeper freezing of cleared soils
  • 4. What was the primary initial reason stones were moved to the edges of fields?
A) To prevent soil flooding
B) To create borders for property
C) They were littering the tilled land
D) To use them for house foundations
  • 5. During which time period were most stone walls stacked in New England?
A) 1725 to 1775
B) 1775 to 1825
C) 1620 to 1670
D) 1875 to 1925
  • 6. How many kilometers of fieldstone walls were estimated in the 1871 agricultural census?
A) 380,000
B) 240,000
C) 40,000
D) 500,000
  • 7. How many days of human labor were estimated for the construction of New England stone walls?
A) 60 million
B) 40 million
C) 20 million
D) 10 million
  • 8. What happened to many New England areas after agricultural production moved westward?
A) They reforested
B) They became paved suburban zones
C) They were converted to desert
D) They became industrial centers
  • 9. What is the typical size limit for fieldstones found on the High Plains?
A) 4 feet in diameter
B) 6 feet in diameter
C) 1 foot in diameter
D) 2 feet in diameter
  • 10. How is the use of fieldstone as a building material on the High Plains described?
A) Failing to meet structural standards
B) Underused
C) Extensively popular
D) Prohibited by law
  • 11. What characteristic of High Plains fieldstones makes them attractive for building?
A) They are lightweight
B) They are perfectly square
C) They are pretty and colorful
D) They are fireproof
  • 12. What event caused the need for more stone walls every spring?
A) Construction of new roads
B) New mining operations
C) Heavy floods moving rocks
D) Plowing fields after the winter freeze
  • 13. Where is fieldstone naturally found?
A) Exclusively in river beds
B) Deep within subterranean caves
C) At or near the Earth's surface
D) In man-made mining quarries
  • 14. What are collections of stones removed from arable land called?
A) Glacial erratics
B) Clearance cairns
C) Terminal moraines
D) Subsoil deposits
  • 15. What causes fieldstone to be common in temperate latitudes?
A) Volcanic activity
B) Glacial deposition
C) Ocean sediment accumulation
D) Tectonic plate shifts
  • 16. What are fieldstones left behind by glaciation called?
A) Glacial erratics
B) Ablation layers
C) Terminal moraines
D) Lodgment till
  • 17. What ice sheet was responsible for pulverizing bedrock in Canada and the northern United States?
A) Wisconsin Ice Sheet
B) Laurentide Ice Sheet
C) Upper Midwest Glacier
D) New England Ice Sheet
  • 18. What are the edges of the last glacial period called?
A) Glacial erratics
B) Terminal moraines
C) Ablation drifts
D) Clearance cairns
  • 19. How was fieldstone removed until the 19th century?
A) By steam-powered machinery
B) Using hydraulic lifts
C) By animal-drawn plows
D) Exclusively by hand
  • 20. What machine is used to remove fieldstones in mechanized agriculture?
A) Earth harvester
B) Stone crusher
C) Soil drill
D) Rock picker
  • 21. What is the primary function of a rock picker's graded scoop?
A) Tilling the soil for planting
B) Measuring soil acidity
C) Picking surface rocks from the soil
D) Watering the crops
  • 22. Where does fieldstone primarily come from for architectural use?
A) Volcanic vents
B) Underwater dredging
C) Topsoil or subsoil
D) Deep underground mines
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