- 1. Which aspect of the correctional system involves the confinement of offenders in prisons or jails for the purposes of custody, treatment, and rehabilitation?
A) Community-Based Correction
B) Institutional Correction
C) Diversion Program
D) Probation and Parole
E) Court Supervision
- 2. What is the agency under the Department of Justice (DOJ) responsible for the custody and rehabilitation of national offenders sentenced to more than three (3) years?
A) DOJ-PPA
B) BuCor
C) BJMP
D) Parole and Probation Administration
E) Provincial Jail Administrator's Office
- 3. Which agency, under the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), is responsible for the management of city, district, and municipal jails?
A) BJMP
B) BuCor
C) Philippine National Police (PNP)
D) Provincial Jail Administration
E) Bureau of Immigration
- 4. What is the supervising agency for the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)?
A) Supreme Court
B) DILG
C) National Police Commission
D) DOJ
E) Office of the President
- 5. Which department is the supervising agency for the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)?
A) DOJ
B) Department of National Defense (DND)
C) Department of Health (DOH)
D) DILG
E) Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
- 6. A convicted person sentenced to serve a prison term of three (3) years and one (1) day or more, falling under the jurisdiction of BuCor, is officially classified as a:
A) City Inmate
B) Local Detainee
C) Provincial Prisoner
D) Juvenile Delinquent
E) National Offender
- 7. Which facility, managed by the BJMP, is intended for detainees within large cities or clustered municipalities?
A) City Jail
B) Provincial Jail
C) Municipal Jail
D) District Jail
E) Penal Colony
- 8. What is the BJMP-managed facility for inmates sentenced with a penalty from one (1) day to three (3) years imprisonment, and detainees?
A) City Jail
B) District Jail
C) National Penitentiary
D) . Provincial Jail
E) Municipal Lock-up
- 9. What type of correctional facility is usually managed by the provincial government, confining offenders sentenced from six (6) months and one (1) day to three (3) years?
A) Municipal Jail
B) District Jail
C) Regional Penitentiary
D) Provincial Jail
E) City Jail
- 10. What is the title for the uniformed personnel of the BuCor or BJMP responsible for the custody, security, and rehabilitation of Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL)?
A) Corrections Officer
B) Jail Guard
C) Police Officer
D) Prison Administrator
E) Security Personnel
- 11. What is the title of the official in charge of a jail facility, often holding the rank of Chief Inspector or Superintendent in the BJMP?
A) Prison Director
B) Superintendent
C) Warden
D) Chief of Security
E) Administrator
- 12. What is the title of the officer in charge of a BuCor penal institution or colony?
A) Director-General
B) Superintendent
C) Warden
D) Chief Inspector
E) Jail Administrator
- 13. What is the term for the "inmate record or jacket" that contains the personal and criminal records of an inmate, including the commitment order and court decisions?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Indictment
C) Mittimus
D) Affidavit
E) Carpeta
- 14. What is the term for the study of the punishment of crime and prison management?
A) Sociology
B) Penal Science (Penology)
C) Victimology
D) Criminalistics
E) Criminology
- 15. The systematic management of jails, prisons, and other institutions charged with the rehabilitation of criminals is known as:
A) Correctional Administration
B) Security Management
C) Criminological Research
D) Penology
E) Jail Operations
- 16. What is the official term in the Philippines referring to an inmate or prisoner—any person under custody in a jail or prison?
A) Subject Person
B) Prisoner of War
C) Person Deprived of Liberty (PDL)
D) Law Violator
E) Convicted Felon
- 17. A person confined in jail or prison while awaiting or undergoing trial or pending the review of their case, and is not yet convicted, is known as a:
A) Re-entry Client
B) Convict
C) Parolee
D) Probationer
E) Detainee
- 18. A person who has been found guilty of a crime and is serving a final sentence of imprisonment is referred to as a:
A) Complainant
B) Accused
C) Respondent
D) Suspect
E) Convict
- 19. What is the generic term for a person committed to a correctional institution?
A) Inmate
B) Adversary
C) Petitioner
D) Offender
E) Client
- 20. A person under eighteen (18) years old who is alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as having committed an offense is specifically called a:
A) Delinquent Adult
B) Felon
C) Youth Offender (CICL)
D) Petty Criminal
E) Adult Offender
- 21. Which document is a written order from a court or competent authority that legally entrusts an inmate to a jail or prison for the purpose of safekeeping?
A) Warrant of Arrest
B) Commitment Order
C) Sentence Endorsement
D) Mittimus
E) Detention Receipt
- 22. What is the specific warrant issued by a court that directs the jail or prison to officially receive a convicted offender for the service of their sentence?
A) Commitment Order
B) Mittimus
C) Safekeeping Mandate
D) Order of Conviction
E) . Judgment of Sentence
- 23. What mandate of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) or Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) focuses on ensuring the secure and humane containment of Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDLs), primarily preventing escapes?
A) Discipline Maintenance
B) Public Security
C) Rehabilitation
D) Safekeeping
E) Reformation
- 24. Which mandate of the BJMP/BuCor aims to instill spiritual, moral, social, and psychological changes in a PDL to enable them to become law-abiding citizens?
A) Safekeeping
B) Custody
C) Security
D) Institutional Training
E) Reformation
- 25. A Person Deprived of Liberty (PDL) who is considered highly dangerous and requires a greater degree of security and supervision due to an escape risk or capability to launch violence is classified as a:
A) Medium-Risk Inmate
B) Heinous Crime Offender
C) Maximum Security PDL
D) Recidivist
E) High-Risk Inmate
- 26. This type of PDL cannot be trusted in the minimum security compound, but whose escape is considered unlikely, thereby requiring a moderate level of security and supervision:
A) Low-Security Inmate
B) Medium-Risk Inmate
C) High-Risk Inmate
D) Minimum-Risk Inmate
E) Reformatory Inmate
- 27. A PDL who may be reasonably trusted to serve their sentence under minimum security, and who is typically near the end of their sentence, is categorized as a:
A) Open-Compound Inmate
B) Correctional Client
C) Minimum-Risk Inmate
D) Trustworthy PDL
E) Medium-Risk Inmate
- 28. An offender who, after conviction by final judgment, commits a new felony before beginning to serve the former sentence, or while serving the same, is known as a:
A) Persistent Criminal
B) Repeat Offender
C) Heinous Criminal
D) Recidivist
E) Habitual Delinquent
- 29. What term describes crimes that are grievous, odious, and hateful, and are repugnant to the common standards of civilized society, often defined by laws like R.A. 7659?
A) High-Impact Offense
B) Atrocious Felony
C) Moral Turpitude
D) Heinous Crime
E) Capital Offense
- 30. What is the main national penitentiary of the Philippines, located in Muntinlupa City and under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)?
A) New Bilibid Prison (NBP)
B) Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm
C) San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm
D) National Penitentiary Complex
E) Correctional Institution for Women
- 31. Which section of a prison or jail is designated for PDLs serving long sentences or those with a history of escape or serious institutional offenses, requiring the highest level of physical measures?
A) High-Containment Facility
B) Maximum Security Compound
C) High-Risk Ward
D) Disciplinary Compound
E) High-Risk Ward
- 32. This prison section is for PDLs whose conduct and progress show that they are ready for a lesser degree of supervision than maximum security inmates, but still require structured confinement:
A) General Population Compound
B) Medium Security Compound
C) Minimum Security Compound
D) Semi-Open Facility
E) Transitional Compound
- 33. Which section of a prison or jail houses PDLs who can already be trusted to work outside the main compound and whose risk of escape is determined to be very low?
A) Penal Farm Annex
B) Trustee Compound
C) Minimum Security Compound
D) Rehabilitation Center
E) Open-Air Compound
- 34. What is a type of prison facility, often agricultural, where PDLs work and live in semi-open conditions, such as the Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm?
A) Penal Colony
B) Work Camp
C) Semi-Open Penitentiary
D) Prison Farm
E) Reformation Center
- 35. What disciplinary measure involves confining an inmate alone in a cell as a form of punishment for a serious rule infraction?
A) Strict Custody
B) Quarantine
C) Bartolina
D) Segregation
E) Isolation/Solitary Confinement
- 36. What is the Filipino term specifically used to refer to a solitary confinement cell?
A) Selda
B) Detention Room
C) Piitan
D) Bartolina
E) Kulungan
- 37. Any article, item, or thing prohibited by law and/or forbidden by jail/prison rules (categorized as either illegal or nuisance) is referred to as:
A) Forbidden Material
B) Security Threat
C) Contraband
D) Prohibited Item
E) Illicit Goods
- 38. What is the term for a device, such as handcuffs or leg irons, used by correctional staff to hold back, keep in, check, or control an inmate?
A) Instrument of Restraint
B) Disciplinary Tool
C) Coercive Device
D) Custodial Appliance
E) Protective Gear
- 39. The guarding and control of the PDL by BuCor or BJMP to ensure public safety and to prevent escape or unlawful acts is defined as:
A) Containment
B) Supervision
C) Security
D) Safekeeping
E) Custody
- 40. Which term refers to the physical measures and procedures utilized to prevent escapes and to maintain order and discipline within a correctional facility?
A) Security
B) Perimeter Management
C) Safekeeping Protocol
D) Custody
E) Institutional Control
- 41. Which term refers to the unlawful departure of a PDL from the physical confines of a correctional facility?
A) Absconding
B) Parole Violation
C) Evasion
D) Jailbreak
E) Escape
- 42. The escape from jail by more than two (2) inmates, usually by the use of force, threat, or violence, is specifically known as a:
A) Contraband violation
B) Jailbreak
C) Mass Insubordination
D) Riot
E) Mutiny
- 43. What is the process of physically counting the Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDLs) to ensure that none have escaped and that the official count matches the physical presence?
A) Census
B) Head Count
C) Muster
D) Roll Call
E) Inspection
- 44. A physical search of a person that involves the removal of their clothing to check for concealed contraband is called a:
A) Pat Down
B) Body Cavity Search
C) Comprehensive Frisk
D) Strip Search
E) Contraband Sweep
- 45. What is a comprehensive search of a prison cell or area, often done unannounced, to discover weapons or contraband?
A) Cell Audit
B) Contraband Sweep
C) Inspection
D) Shakedown
E) Inventory Check
- 46. Which term denotes the penalty imposed by the court upon a person convicted of a crime?
A) Sentence
B) Punishment
C) Sanction
D) Judgment
E) Verdict
- 47. A sentence where the court imposes a minimum and maximum period of imprisonment, allowing for potential parole after serving the minimum, is called a/an:
A) Indeterminate Sentence
B) Life Sentence
C) Commuted Sentence
D) Straight Sentence
E) Fixed Term
- 48. What is the term for a sentence where the court imposes a fixed, definite period of imprisonment without a minimum and maximum term?
A) Capital Sentence
B) Indeterminate Sentence
C) Straight Sentence
D) Commuted Sentence
E) Life Sentence
- 49. The penalty of imprisonment for a duration of 20 years and 1 day to 40 years, with accessory penalties, and is NOT a life sentence in the Philippine context is known as:
A) Destierro
B) Prision Mayor
C) Reclusion Perpetua
D) Reclusion Temporal
E) Prision Correccional
- 50. Which term refers to the death penalty, even though it has been abolished in the Philippines, but still represents the maximum penalty for heinous crimes?
A) Extreme Penalty
B) Reclusion Perpetua
C) Straight Sentence
D) Capital Punishment
E) Life Imprisonment
- 51. The time a PDL spends in custody while their case is ongoing or pending resolution, which may be credited to their sentence, is called the:
A) Probationary Phase
B) Sentence Incarceration
C) Bail Duration
D) Detention Period
E) Pre-trial Confinement
- 52. What is the deduction from the period of an inmate's prison sentence corresponding to the period during which he or she faithfully complies with the rules and regulations of the facility?
A) Executive Clemency
B) Statutory Good Time
C) Special Time Allowance for Loyalty (STAL)
D) Mandatory Reduction Time (MRT)
E) Good Conduct Time Allowance (GCTA)
- 53. What allows for a deduction of one-fifth (1/5) of the period of the sentence of any PDL who chooses to stay in the facility during a calamity or disorder instead of attempting to escape?
A) Disaster Relief Credit
B) Commutation of Sentence
C) Penalty
D) Special Time Allowance for Loyalty (STAL)
E) Executive Clemency
- 54. The suffering inflicted by the state for the transgression of a law is broadly defined as:
A) Penalty
B) Punishment
C) Fine
D) Sentence
E) Imprisonment
- 55. The date when the PDL has fully served the time imposed by the court, considering any deductions (GCTA, etc.), is known as the:
A) Discharge Date
B) Maximum Sentence Date
C) Parole Eligibility Date
D) Release Date
E) Expiration of Sentence
- 56. The process of restoring an offender to a useful life through vocational, educational, social, and spiritual programs is referred to as:
A) Penology
B) Deterrence
C) Correction
D) Rehabilitation
E) Treatment
- 57. Which treatment approach focuses on holistic and behavioral change, used extensively in BJMP and BuCor for rehabilitation?
A) Transactional Analysis
B) Psychoanalytic Approach
C) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
D) Restorative Justice Program
E) Therapeutic Community (TC) Modality
- 58. What type of program provides vocational or skills training to PDLs to prepare them for employment and self-sufficiency upon release?
A) Educational Program
B) Livelihood Program
C) Work-Release Program
D) Moral and Spiritual Program
E) TC Modality
- 59. Activities offering literacy, elementary, high school, and even college-level education to PDLs are classified as a/an:
A) Socio-Cultural Activity
B) Vocational Training
C) Educational Program
D) Skills Development
E) Academic Workshop
- 60. Activities aimed at religious and spiritual growth, counseling, and values formation for PDLs are categorized as a/an:
A) Social Welfare Program
B) Moral and Spiritual Program
C) Livelihood Program
D) Therapeutic Community
E) Educational Program
- 61. A committee within the institution responsible for hearing cases of PDLs who have violated prison or jail rules and recommending appropriate disciplinary action is known as the:
A) Parole and Release Committee
B) Classification Committee
C) Disciplinary Board
D) Custodial Management Unit
E) Grievance Committee
- 62. The suffering inflicted on a person for an offense or violation is defined as:
A) Restitution
B) Punishment
C) Rehabilitation
D) Censure
E) Forfeiture
- 63. The use of physical force to discipline an inmate, which is strictly prohibited by international and local regulations, is specifically called:
A) Corporal Punishment
B) Physical Restraint
C) Segregation
D) Solitary Confinement
E) Strict Discipline
- 64. What is a formal complaint filed by a PDL regarding their treatment, conditions, or the actions of facility personnel?
A) Request for Inquiry
B) Incident Report
C) Writ of Habeas Corpus
D) Grievance
E) Appeal
- 65. The separation of a PDL from the general population, usually for disciplinary reasons or for their own protection, is referred to as:
A) Segregation
B) Isolation
C) Solitary Confinement
D) Quarantine
E) Transfer
- 66. What term describes the state of overcrowding in correctional facilities, which is a major challenge in Philippine jails and prisons?
A) Over-capacity
B) Congestion
C) Saturation
D) Inundation
E) Population Density
- 67. A term used for the joint BuCor/BJMP K-9 and search operations conducted to seize weapons, illegal drugs, and other contraband is:
A. S.W.A.T. Operations
A) Greyhounds
B) S.W.A.T. Operations
C) Oplan Galugad
D) Contraband Sweep
E) Custodial Inspection
- 68. A general term referring to jails and prisons where Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDLs) are held is:
A) Custodial Facility
B) Correctional Hospital
C) Reformatory Center
D) Half-Way House
E) Detention Center
- 69. Which specialized unit utilizes trained dogs for security, search, and detection of contraband and illegal substances?
A) S.A.R. Team
B) Patrol Division
C) Specialized Security Team
D) K-9 Unit
E) Canine Corps
- 70. The BuCor/BJMP program for visitation through online or social media platforms to maintain PDL family ties is known as:
A) Virtual Visit
B) Digital Familia
C) Remote Connect
D) Online Kumustahan
E) E-Dalaw
- 71. The designated time and process for allowing family, friends, and lawyers to visit the PDL is called:
A) Access Privilege
B) Inmate Visitation
C) Family Day
D) Interpersonal Relations Hour
E) PDL Socializing Time
- 72. The system of grouping PDLs for work, study, or sleeping arrangements is known as:
A) Sectioning
B) Cohorting
C) Cluster Formation
D) Brigading
E) Group Dynamics
- 73. A thorough external search of a clothed PDL or visitor for weapons or obvious contraband is a:
A) Strip Search
B) Frisking Procedure
C) Pat-down Search
D) Random Inspection
E) Full Body Search
- 74. A correctional facility where PDLs are released from a maximum security setting to prepare them for full reintegration into the community is a:
A) Rehabilitation Center
B) Minimum Security Camp
C) Half-Way House
D) Residential Treatment Center
E) Community Service Center
- 75. Groups within the facility formed by PDLs for mutual support, spiritual growth, or rehabilitation activities are examples of a:
A) Inmate Council
B) Gang
C) Self-Help Organization
D) Interest Group
E) PDL Cooperative
- 76. What is the main law in the Philippines that defines crimes and prescribes penalties, including imprisonment?
A) Rules of Criminal Procedure
B) Revised Penal Code (RPC)
C) New Civil Code
D) Code of Ethics
E) Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act
- 77. Which law is known as the BuCor Modernization Act, which strengthens the agency and professionalizes its personnel?
A) Republic Act 7659
B) Republic Act 6975
C) Republic Act 9263
D) Republic Act 10575
E) Republic Act 9346
- 78. The law creating the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), which includes the establishment of the BJMP, is:
A) Republic Act 6975
B) Republic Act 8551
C) Republic Act 9708
D) Republic Act 10575
E) Republic Act 9263
- 79. International standards that guide the management and operations of correctional facilities globally, adopted by the Philippines, are officially known as the:
A) Tokyo Rules
B) Bangkok Rules
C) Geneva Conventions on Incarceration
D) United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (Nelson Mandela Rules)
E) UN Guidelines for Correctional Management
- 80. What is the constitutional right of a PDL to fair legal proceedings, including disciplinary hearings, before being deprived of any right or privilege?
A) Right to Counsel
B) Equal Protection
C) Presumption of Innocence
D) Habeas Corpus
E) Due Process
- 81. What is the correctional process called that involves treating convicted offenders within the community, instead of confining them in a jail or prison, and includes programs like probation and parole?
A) Non-Institutional Correction
B) Community Service Sentencing
C) Diversion Program
D) Institutional Correction
E) Penology
- 82. What is the collective term for correctional activities, services, and supervision provided to offenders in the free community specifically to facilitate their rehabilitation and reintegration?
A) Halfway House Confinement
B) Community-Based Program
C) Jail Management System
D) Outpatient Correctional Services
E) Prison-to-Community Transition
- 83. Which government agency, under the Department of Justice (DOJ), is responsible for administering the Probation and Parole systems and supervising conditional pardonees in the Philippines?
A) Board of Pardons and Parole (BPP)
B) Office of the President
C) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
D) Parole and Probation Administration (PPA)
E) Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
- 84. Which collegial body, created under Act No. 4103, determines the eligibility of inmates for release on Parole or Conditional Pardon and recommends Executive Clemency to the President?
A) Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council (JJWC)
B) Department of Justice (DOJ)
C) Parole and Probation Administration (PPA)
D) National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)
E) Board of Pardons and Parole (BPP)
- 85. Republic Act No. 4103, which mandates the court to impose a minimum and maximum term of imprisonment and makes the offender eligible for parole after serving the minimum term, is also known as what?
A) Juvenile Justice Act
B) Indeterminate Sentence Law (ISL)
C) Probation Law
D) Revised Penal Code
E) Executive Clemency Act
- 86. Presidential Decree (PD) No. 968, which established the Probation System for adult offenders in the Philippines, is officially known as the:
A) Restorative Justice Mandate
B) Conditional Pardon Act
C) Probation Law
D) Correctional Rehabilitation Act
E) Parole System Decree
- 87. What is the term for the power of the President of the Philippines to lighten or set aside the sentence of a convicted offender, which includes Absolute Pardon, Conditional Pardon, Commutation of Sentence, and Reprieve?
A) Legislative Intervention
B) Amnesty Proclamation
C) Judicial Review
D) Writ of Habeas Corpus
E) Executive Clemency
- 88. Which of the following is the primary goal of non-institutional correction, focusing on helping the offender transition back into society as a law-abiding, productive citizen?
A) Incapacitation
B) Solitary Confinement
C) Retribution
D) Strict Deterrence
E) Reintegration
- 89. What key metric, which community-based correction programs aim to reduce, refers to the act of a convicted offender committing another crime after having been released from supervision or confinement?
A) Habitual Delinquency
B) Recidivism
C) Rehabilitation Failure
D) Crime Index
E) Desistance
- 90. What philosophy and process focuses on repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior, primarily through victim-offender mediation and active community involvement?
A) Therapeutic Jurisprudence
B) Restorative Justice
C) Deterrence Theory
D) Classical Criminology
E) Positivist School
- 91. What client-centered treatment approach adopted by the PPA views the community (the PPA office, family, and neighborhood) as the main vehicle for an individual offender's change and rehabilitation?
A) Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT)
B) Psychoanalytic Approach
C) Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
D) Therapeutic Community Modality (TCM)
E) Pharmacological Intervention
- 92. What is the generic term used by the Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) to refer to any person currently under its supervision, such as a probationer, parolee, or conditional pardonee?
A) Client
B) Beneficiary
C) Subject
D) Ward
E) Inmate
- 93. What statutory sentence deduction is granted to an inmate for exemplary behavior while confined, potentially expediting their eligibility for parole or executive clemency?
A) Indeterminate Sentence Credit (ISC)
B) Special Confinement Leave (SCL)
C) Good Conduct Time Allowance (GCTA)
D) Disciplinary Merit Credit (DMC)
E) Community Service Credit (CSC)
- 94. What is the court disposition for a minor/youth offender or first-time minor drug offender where the court imposes a sentence but its execution is postponed or held in abeyance, subject to specific conditions?
A) Judicial Review
B) Conditional Release
C) Deferred Prosecution
D) Plea Bargaining
E) Suspended Sentence
- 95. What is the term for the act of a client (probationer, parolee, or pardonee) deliberately failing to report to their supervising officer, thereby evading supervision?
A) Desertion
B) Violation of Condition
C) Absconding
D) Evasion of Service
E) Non-Compliance
- 96. Which disposition releases a convicted defendant, after sentence, subject to court conditions and supervision by a Probation Officer, as an alternative to imprisonment?
A) Conditional Release
B) Furlough
C) Parole
D) Probation
E) Clemency
- 97. A convicted defendant whose application for probation has been granted by the court and is now under supervision is called a:
A) Parolee
B) Grantee
C) Petitioner
D) Probationer
E) Respondent
- 98. What is the term for a convicted defendant who has filed an application or petition for probation?
A) Probationer
B) Accused
C) Applicant
D) Petitioner
E) Respondent
- 99. Which court document contains the terms and conditions under which a convicted person is officially granted probation?
A) Judgment of Conviction
B) Sentence Mittimus
C) Supervision Contract
D) Probation Order
E) Warrant of Arrest
- 100. Which term refers to the statutory limitations that bar an offender from applying for probation, such as being sentenced to more than six years or being previously convicted of an offense?
A) Ineligibility Clause
B) Disqualification for Probation
C) Statutory Immunity
D) Judicial Restriction
E) Mandatory Denial
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