How to Identify and Classify Hackberries
  • 1. What is the primary leaf arrangement of hackberry trees?
A) Opposite
B) Basal
C) Whorled
D) Alternate
  • 2. Hackberry leaves typically have what type of margin?
A) Serrated
B) Smooth
C) Entire
D) Lobed
  • 3. What is a distinctive feature of hackberry bark as it matures?
A) Deeply furrowed
B) Smooth and grey
C) Peeling in sheets
D) Warty ridges
  • 4. What type of fruit does a hackberry tree produce?
A) Acorn
B) Drupe
C) Pome
D) Samara
  • 5. What color are hackberry fruits typically?
A) Yellow
B) Green
C) Reddish-purple to dark purple
D) White
  • 6. Which of these habitats is hackberry MOST likely to be found in?
A) Bottomlands and riverbanks
B) High alpine forests
C) Sandy deserts
D) Boreal forests
  • 7. What is the genus name for hackberry?
A) Pinus
B) Celtis
C) Quercus
D) Acer
  • 8. The common hackberry is scientifically known as?
A) Celtis laevigata
B) Celtis australis
C) Acer negundo
D) Celtis occidentalis
  • 9. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hackberry twigs?
A) Zigzag pattern
B) Thorns
C) Small buds
D) Lenticels
  • 10. What is the texture of a hackberry fruit?
A) Fibrous
B) Spongy
C) Dry and mealy
D) Juicy and fleshy
  • 11. How many seeds are typically found inside a hackberry fruit?
A) Many
B) Three
C) Two
D) One
  • 12. Which bird is known to frequently consume hackberry fruits?
A) Cedar Waxwing
B) Penguin
C) Bald Eagle
D) Great Horned Owl
  • 13. What is the typical height of a mature hackberry tree?
A) 5-10 feet
B) 100-150 feet
C) 2-3 feet
D) 30-70 feet
  • 14. Compared to sugarberry (Celtis laevigata), common hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) generally has leaves that are:
A) More lance-shaped
B) Rougher in texture
C) More glossy
D) Smoother in texture
  • 15. What is the significance of the 'nipple gall' found on hackberry leaves?
A) Natural leaf pigment
B) Insect infestation
C) Symbiotic relationship with bacteria
D) Fungal disease
  • 16. What is the wood of the hackberry tree used for?
A) Furniture and boxes
B) Musical instruments
C) Construction beams
D) Fuel only
  • 17. Which soil type is hackberry most tolerant of?
A) Waterlogged soils
B) Alkaline soils
C) Sandy soils
D) Acidic soils
  • 18. What is the general shape of a hackberry tree's crown?
A) Rounded or vase-shaped
B) Weeping
C) Pyramidal
D) Columnar
  • 19. Which of these is NOT a common pest or disease affecting hackberry?
A) Leaf spot
B) Witches' broom
C) Hackberry nipple gall maker
D) Dutch Elm Disease
  • 20. What is the light requirement for hackberry trees?
A) Full shade only
B) Filtered light only
C) Full sun to partial shade
D) Deep shade only
  • 21. Which of the following characteristics best distinguishes hackberry from elm?
A) Hackberry has warty bark
B) Elm produces drupes
C) Hackberry has toothed leaf margins
D) Elm has alternate leaf arrangement
  • 22. What is the ecological role of hackberry trees?
A) Indicate presence of heavy metals in the soil
B) Act as a nitrogen fixer
C) Prevent soil erosion
D) Provide food and shelter for wildlife
  • 23. What is the lifespan of a typical hackberry tree?
A) 100-150 years
B) 20-30 years
C) 5-10 years
D) 500+ years
  • 24. Why is hackberry often planted in urban environments?
A) Highly susceptible to diseases
B) Tolerance to pollution and poor soils
C) Needs constant watering
D) Requires fertile soil
  • 25. Which state is NOT considered part of the native range for Celtis occidentalis (common hackberry)?
A) Minnesota
B) California
C) Georgia
D) Texas
  • 26. What is the shape of a hackberry leaf base?
A) Cordate
B) Symmetrical
C) Asymmetrical
D) Rounded
  • 27. The 'sugarberry' (Celtis laevigata) gets its name because:
A) Its sap can be used to make syrup
B) It prefers soils high in sugar content
C) Its fruits are sweeter than common hackberry
D) It is a popular food source for sugar gliders
  • 28. How can you distinguish a hackberry seedling from other similar seedlings?
A) By its leaf venation and stem characteristics
B) Seedling identification is impossible
C) By its root structure
D) By its flower color
  • 29. Which factor MOST significantly contributes to the warty appearance of hackberry bark?
A) Mineral deficiencies
B) Insect damage
C) Lenticels and corky outgrowths
D) Fungal infections
  • 30. What is the primary method of hackberry seed dispersal?
A) Water dispersal
B) Wind dispersal
C) Animal caching (burial)
D) Birds eating the fruits
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