How to Identify and Classify Hackberries
  • 1. What is the primary leaf arrangement of hackberry trees?
A) Opposite
B) Basal
C) Whorled
D) Alternate
  • 2. Hackberry leaves typically have what type of margin?
A) Lobed
B) Smooth
C) Serrated
D) Entire
  • 3. What is a distinctive feature of hackberry bark as it matures?
A) Deeply furrowed
B) Warty ridges
C) Smooth and grey
D) Peeling in sheets
  • 4. What type of fruit does a hackberry tree produce?
A) Drupe
B) Acorn
C) Samara
D) Pome
  • 5. What color are hackberry fruits typically?
A) Yellow
B) Green
C) White
D) Reddish-purple to dark purple
  • 6. Which of these habitats is hackberry MOST likely to be found in?
A) Boreal forests
B) Sandy deserts
C) Bottomlands and riverbanks
D) High alpine forests
  • 7. What is the genus name for hackberry?
A) Quercus
B) Celtis
C) Acer
D) Pinus
  • 8. The common hackberry is scientifically known as?
A) Acer negundo
B) Celtis australis
C) Celtis occidentalis
D) Celtis laevigata
  • 9. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hackberry twigs?
A) Zigzag pattern
B) Lenticels
C) Small buds
D) Thorns
  • 10. What is the texture of a hackberry fruit?
A) Juicy and fleshy
B) Fibrous
C) Dry and mealy
D) Spongy
  • 11. How many seeds are typically found inside a hackberry fruit?
A) Two
B) One
C) Many
D) Three
  • 12. Which bird is known to frequently consume hackberry fruits?
A) Bald Eagle
B) Penguin
C) Cedar Waxwing
D) Great Horned Owl
  • 13. What is the typical height of a mature hackberry tree?
A) 30-70 feet
B) 5-10 feet
C) 100-150 feet
D) 2-3 feet
  • 14. Compared to sugarberry (Celtis laevigata), common hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) generally has leaves that are:
A) Smoother in texture
B) More glossy
C) Rougher in texture
D) More lance-shaped
  • 15. What is the significance of the 'nipple gall' found on hackberry leaves?
A) Insect infestation
B) Natural leaf pigment
C) Fungal disease
D) Symbiotic relationship with bacteria
  • 16. What is the wood of the hackberry tree used for?
A) Musical instruments
B) Construction beams
C) Furniture and boxes
D) Fuel only
  • 17. Which soil type is hackberry most tolerant of?
A) Acidic soils
B) Alkaline soils
C) Sandy soils
D) Waterlogged soils
  • 18. What is the general shape of a hackberry tree's crown?
A) Weeping
B) Columnar
C) Rounded or vase-shaped
D) Pyramidal
  • 19. Which of these is NOT a common pest or disease affecting hackberry?
A) Hackberry nipple gall maker
B) Leaf spot
C) Dutch Elm Disease
D) Witches' broom
  • 20. What is the light requirement for hackberry trees?
A) Filtered light only
B) Full shade only
C) Full sun to partial shade
D) Deep shade only
  • 21. Which of the following characteristics best distinguishes hackberry from elm?
A) Hackberry has warty bark
B) Elm produces drupes
C) Hackberry has toothed leaf margins
D) Elm has alternate leaf arrangement
  • 22. What is the ecological role of hackberry trees?
A) Provide food and shelter for wildlife
B) Indicate presence of heavy metals in the soil
C) Prevent soil erosion
D) Act as a nitrogen fixer
  • 23. What is the lifespan of a typical hackberry tree?
A) 20-30 years
B) 500+ years
C) 5-10 years
D) 100-150 years
  • 24. Why is hackberry often planted in urban environments?
A) Tolerance to pollution and poor soils
B) Requires fertile soil
C) Highly susceptible to diseases
D) Needs constant watering
  • 25. Which state is NOT considered part of the native range for Celtis occidentalis (common hackberry)?
A) Minnesota
B) California
C) Georgia
D) Texas
  • 26. What is the shape of a hackberry leaf base?
A) Symmetrical
B) Cordate
C) Asymmetrical
D) Rounded
  • 27. The 'sugarberry' (Celtis laevigata) gets its name because:
A) It prefers soils high in sugar content
B) Its fruits are sweeter than common hackberry
C) It is a popular food source for sugar gliders
D) Its sap can be used to make syrup
  • 28. How can you distinguish a hackberry seedling from other similar seedlings?
A) Seedling identification is impossible
B) By its leaf venation and stem characteristics
C) By its flower color
D) By its root structure
  • 29. Which factor MOST significantly contributes to the warty appearance of hackberry bark?
A) Fungal infections
B) Lenticels and corky outgrowths
C) Mineral deficiencies
D) Insect damage
  • 30. What is the primary method of hackberry seed dispersal?
A) Water dispersal
B) Wind dispersal
C) Animal caching (burial)
D) Birds eating the fruits
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