Chera dynasty - Quiz
Chera dynasty
  • 1. What are the two main themes celebrated in Sangam poems?
A) Trade and agriculture
B) Religion and politics
C) War and love
D) Science and philosophy
  • 2. Which poems praise the valor and generosity of Chera rulers?
A) Jain poems
B) Puram poems
C) Akam poems
D) Buddhist poems
  • 3. In the context of Sangam literature, what do Akam poems express?
A) Human emotions linked to geographical landscapes
B) The history of Northern India
C) Instructions for iron forging
D) Economic trade policies
  • 4. What is the term for the sacred forces believed to inhabit objects and humans?
A) Korravai
B) Sabha
C) Ananku
D) Durga
  • 5. How was Ananku controlled in the Chera society?
A) Through trade and commerce
B) Through abandonment of traditions
C) Through specific rites and rituals
D) Through ignoring the sacred forces
  • 6. What was the modern-day goddess Durga formerly known as in the Tamil country?
A) Lakshmi
B) Ananku
C) Kali
D) Korravai
  • 7. What offerings were traditionally used to propitiate the goddess Korravai?
A) Fruits and flowers
B) Iron and tools
C) Meat and toddy
D) Gold and jewels
  • 8. When did Jain and Buddhist influences begin to migrate to southern India?
A) 1st century CE
B) 3rd century CE
C) 5th century BCE
D) 3rd century BCE
  • 9. What was the basis of social classification in early historic south Indian society?
A) Caste
B) Varna
C) Kudi
D) Jati
  • 10. What were the 'kudis' in early Tamil society?
A) Trade guilds for maritime merchants
B) Administrative divisions of the palace
C) Religious sects of Northern India
D) Clan-based descent groups linked to production
  • 11. How did early Tamil society view the status of women compared to the medieval period?
A) Lower status
B) Higher status
C) Status was non-existent
D) Equal status
  • 12. What institution is assumed to have begun for local village administration in the early historic period?
A) Sabha
B) Sangam
C) Ananku
D) Kudi
  • 13. Which of the following was a widespread economic activity in ancient Tamil society?
A) Gold mining
B) Silk manufacturing
C) Cotton spinning
D) Cattle rearing
  • 14. During which period did the initial phase of urbanization occur in the Chera country?
A) 1st century BCE to 1st century CE
B) 5th century BCE to 2nd century BCE
C) 3rd century BCE to 3rd century CE
D) 4th century CE to 6th century CE
  • 15. What was a notable practice regarding the worship of ancestors in Tamil country?
A) Tree worship
B) Fire worship
C) Animal sacrifice only
D) Sun worship
  • 16. Where were the dynastic Chera coins primarily recovered from?
A) The Kaveri River delta
B) The bed of the Amaravati River
C) The coast of Kochi
D) The banks of the Vaigai River
  • 17. What is the typical shape of the Chera punch-marked coins?
A) Triangular
B) Rectangular
C) Square
D) Circular
  • 18. Where were bronze dies for minting coins discovered?
A) Pattanam
B) Kochi
C) Karur
D) Madurai
  • 19. In which location were hundreds of copper coins excavated?
A) Pattanam, Cochin
B) Madras
C) Amaravati
D) Karur
  • 20. What did the Cheras do to Roman silver coins?
A) Exported them
B) Counter-struck them
C) Melted them down
D) Discarded them
  • 21. The portrait coin featuring the legend 'Makkotai' was found near which river?
A) Krishna riverbed
B) Kaveri riverbed
C) Amaravati riverbed
D) Periyar riverbed
  • 22. What is the script used for the legends on the Chera coins?
A) Sanskrit
B) Vatteluttu
C) Tamil-Brahmi
D) Grantha
  • 23. Which coins are considered imitations of Roman coinage?
A) The punch-marked coins
B) The Lakshmi-type coins
C) The Chola-Chera joint coins
D) The portrait coins
  • 24. What kind of helmet is depicted on the person on the silver coin found in the Amaravati riverbed?
A) An iron war helmet
B) Roman-style bristled-crown helmet
C) A Vedic turban
D) A traditional Chera crown
  • 25. Which coins are possibly of Sri Lankan origin?
A) Makkotai coins
B) Kollipporai coins
C) Kuttuvan Kotai coins
D) Lakshmi-type coins
  • 26. What material were the punch-marked coins typically made of?
A) Gold only
B) Copper, its alloys, or silver
C) Bronze only
D) Iron and lead
  • 27. The reverse side of the Makkotai and Kuttuvan Kotai portrait coins is described as:
A) Having a bow and arrow
B) Featuring a royal seal
C) Featuring a tiger
D) Blank
  • 28. What evidence suggests an alliance between the Cheras and the Cholas?
A) A joint coin
B) A joint excavation at Pattanam
C) A peace treaty inscription
D) A shared mint in Karur
  • 29. The Pugalur inscriptions describe how many generations of Chera rulers?
A) Four
B) Two
C) Five
D) Three
  • 30. Which Mauryan emperor's edicts contain the first mention of the Cheras?
A) Chandragupta
B) Asoka
C) Bindusara
D) Dasharatha
  • 31. How are the Cheras referred to in the edicts of Asoka?
A) Kedalaputo
B) Kerobottros
C) Kaelobotros
D) Keprobotras
  • 32. Who authored the Natural History in the first century CE?
A) Katyayana
B) Pliny the Elder
C) Panini
D) Claudius Ptolemy
  • 33. How did Pliny the Elder refer to the Cheras?
A) Kerobottros
B) Keprobotras
C) Kedalaputo
D) Kaelobotros
  • 34. Who was the astronomer and mathematician that referred to the Cheras as 'Kerobottros'?
A) Kautilya
B) Claudius Ptolemy
C) Patanjali
D) Pliny the Elder
  • 35. How does the Periplus Maris Erythraei refer to the Cheras?
A) Kaelobotros
B) Kerobottros
C) Keprobotras
D) Kedalaputo
  • 36. Which Sanskrit grammarian does not mention the Keralas?
A) Katyayana
B) Kautilya
C) Panini
D) Patanjali
  • 37. The Graeco-Roman names for the Cheras are likely corruptions of which term?
A) Tamilakam
B) Kedala Puto/Kerala Putra
C) Cheraman
D) Sanskrit-Prakrit
  • 38. Claudius Ptolemy, who referred to the Cheras as Kerobottros, was of what descent?
A) Roman
B) Indo-Aryan
C) Mauryan
D) Greek
  • 39. Where did Claudius Ptolemy flourish according to the text?
A) Pataliputra
B) Rome
C) Alexandria
D) Athens
  • 40. Which ancient philosopher is mentioned as referring to the Keralas, alongside Katyayana and Kautilya?
A) Patanjali
B) Panini
C) Pliny
D) Asoka
  • 41. What is another name for the Chera dynasty?
A) Keralaputra
B) Pandya-putra
C) Sangam-putra
D) Chola-putra
  • 42. Which spice was prominently traded by the Cheras with Graeco-Roman merchants?
A) Cinnamon
B) Turmeric
C) Black pepper
D) Cardamom
  • 43. Which city served as a primary port/capital for the Cheras on the Kerala coast?
A) Kanchipuram
B) Madurai
C) Muziris
D) Thanjavur
  • 44. What is the primary source of information regarding the early historic Cheras?
A) Sangam texts
B) Vedic hymns
C) Buddhist Jataka tales
D) Jain Sutras
  • 45. Who is the most celebrated Chera ruler mentioned in early Tamil literature?
A) Karikala
B) Rajaraja
C) Nedunjeliyan
D) Chenkuttuvan
  • 46. In which epic poem is the character Kannaki the principal subject?
A) Manimekalai
B) Silappadikaram
C) Purananuru
D) Chilappathikaram
  • 47. Which geographical feature did the Cheras control, serving as a trade route to eastern Tamil Nadu?
A) Narmada Valley
B) Khyber Pass
C) Palakkad Gap
D) Thar Desert
  • 48. What does the ancient Tamil term 'Cheralam' likely mean?
A) Desert plain
B) Mountain range
C) River valley
D) Ocean port
  • 49. What is the term 'Cheraman' generally believed to be a shortened form of?
A) Cheralatha
B) Cheramakan
C) Cheranadu
D) Cheraputra
  • 50. How many texts are meant to comprise the Pathitrupathu collection according to its title?
A) Five
B) Twelve
C) Ten
D) Eight
  • 51. Which Tamil epic is used to date early Chera history through the Gajabahu-Chenguttuvan synchronism?
A) Sivaka Chintamani
B) Manimekalai
C) Valayapathi
D) Silappathikaram
  • 52. Where was the temple for the goddess Pattini consecrated by Chenguttuvan?
A) Madurai
B) Puhar
C) Kanchi
D) Vanchi
  • 53. Which ruler of Sri Lanka was present at the consecration of the Pattini temple?
A) Mahasena
B) Dutugamunu
C) Parakramabahu
D) Gajabahu
  • 54. Who was the author of the Silappathikaram?
A) Ilango Adigal
B) Kambar
C) Sittalai Sattanar
D) Tiruvalluvar
  • 55. Which Chera ruler was a contemporary of the Chola ruler 'Mudittalai' Ko Perunar Killi?
A) Makkodai
B) Chenguttuvan
C) Anthuvan Cheral Irumporai
D) Kanaikkal Irumporai
  • 56. Which Chera ruler had his royal elephant wander into the city of Karuvur?
A) Chenguttuvan
B) Nedum Chezhian II
C) Gajabahu
D) Mudittalai Ko Perunar Killi
  • 57. Which Pandya ruler captured 'Yanaikatchai' Mantharam Cheral Irumporai?
A) Ugra Peruvaluti
B) Killi Valavan
C) Thalaiyalanganam Nedum Chezhian II
D) Rajasuyam Vetta Perunar Killi
  • 58. How did Kanaikkal Irumporai die?
A) Suicide by starvation
B) In the battle of Vilamkil
C) During a temple consecration
D) By execution at the hands of the Pandya king
  • 59. Which Chola ruler captured Kanaikkal Irumporai?
A) Chengannan
B) Nedum Chezhian II
C) Mudittalai Ko Perunar Killi
D) Ugra Peruvaluti
  • 60. What is the status of the Pathitrupathu collection's chronology?
A) It is considered entirely mythological and fictional
B) It contradicts all other Sangam literature
C) It has not yet been worked into a connected history
D) It is perfectly established by archaeological data
  • 61. Where is the city of Karuvur located?
A) Andhra Pradesh
B) Kerala
C) Sri Lanka
D) Tamil Nadu
  • 62. What was the capital of the Chera kingdom located in the Kongu country?
A) Vanchi-Karur
B) Puhar
C) Korkai
D) Uraiyur
  • 63. Which dynasty controlled the southern tip of Kerala during the early historical period?
A) Ezhimala dynasty
B) Pandya dynasty
C) Ay dynasty
D) Chola dynasty
  • 64. Who controlled the northern part of Kerala during the early historical period?
A) Chera rulers
B) Pandya rulers
C) Ay rulers
D) Ezhimala rulers
  • 65. Which of the following was a major port on the Indian Ocean for the Cheras?
A) Karur
B) Uraiyur
C) Muchiri-Vanchi
D) Madurai
  • 66. Which major Tamil ruler was traditionally based in Uraiyur?
A) Chera
B) Chola
C) Pandya
D) Ay
  • 67. Which major Tamil ruler was traditionally based in Madurai?
A) Pandya
B) Ezhimala
C) Chola
D) Chera
  • 68. What was the relationship between the various branches of the Chera family?
A) Collateral branches that competed for leadership
B) Unrelated dynasties that fought for land
C) A single centralized ruling family
D) Subordinate governors under one king
  • 69. Which of these is mentioned as a key trading port associated with the early historic period?
A) Vanchi
B) Pugalur
C) Madurai
D) Muchiri
  • 70. What suffix did princes often carry according to the Pugalur inscriptions?
A) Kon
B) Vel
C) Vendar
D) Chief
  • 71. What was a common feature of early historic south Indian politics?
A) Violent conflicts
B) Democratic elections
C) Centralized bureaucracy
D) Peaceful coexistence
  • 72. According to the tribal chiefdom theory, what was the primary source of political authority?
A) Extensive taxation systems
B) Redistributive social relationships
C) A standing national army
D) A rigid legal code
  • 73. What was the economic structure of ancient south India according to scholars who argue for chiefdoms?
A) Agro-pastoral subsistence
B) Total reliance on foreign gold
C) State-controlled capitalism
D) Industrial manufacturing
  • 74. Which scholar is explicitly mentioned as questioning the existence of a state polity in early south India?
A) Pugalur
B) The Velir
C) R. Champakalakshmi
D) The Vendar
  • 75. What indicates a structured nature of succession for the Chera dynasty?
A) Appointment by foreign kings
B) Hereditary taxation
C) An investiture ceremony
D) Election by citizens
  • 76. Who were the 'Yavanas' mentioned in the context of trade with the Chera dynasty?
A) Northern Indian merchants
B) Arab spice traders
C) Merchants from the Graeco-Roman world
D) Chinese navigators
  • 77. What primary natural force allowed ships to travel directly from Arabia to southern India?
A) Monsoon winds
B) Trade winds
C) Coastal tides
D) Ocean currents
  • 78. What was the primary commodity exported from the Chera country to the Mediterranean?
A) Coffee
B) Tea
C) Cotton
D) Spices
  • 79. Where were the exotic spices mentioned in the text primarily found?
A) The Malabar coast
B) Near the Arabian Sea ports
C) The interior Ghat Mountains
D) In northern India
  • 80. Besides spices, what was another key luxury commodity imported by Romans from India?
A) Iron
B) Silk
C) Wool
D) Wheat
  • 81. What term did Romans use to refer to South Asian high-carbon steel?
A) Seric
B) Magnetite
C) Wootz
D) Slag
  • 82. What is the name of the cakes of steely iron exported from South Asia?
A) Avārai
B) Kodumanal
C) Seric
D) Wootz
  • 83. Which plant was likely used as a carbon source for steel production?
A) Charcoal
B) Magnetite
C) Bamboo trees
D) Avārai
  • 84. Where was an early steel-making site found in Tamil Nadu?
A) Anuradhapura
B) Samanalawewa
C) Kodumanal
D) Tissamaharama
  • 85. Which kingdom emerged around the ninth century CE in central Kerala?
A) Pandya kingdom
B) Chola kingdom
C) Medieval Chera kingdom
D) Pallava kingdom
  • 86. Which saint is identified as an early medieval Chera ruler of Kerala?
A) Vattezhuthu
B) Adigaman
C) Kulasekhara
D) Karur
  • 87. What does the name 'Cherman Perumal' literally mean?
A) The southern saint
B) The Chera king
C) The spice trader
D) The port ruler
  • 88. Which port emerged as a major hub of trade with the Middle East and Southeast Asia?
A) Karur
B) Thagadur
C) Kollam
D) Mahodayapuram
  • 89. What script did the Cheras use alongside the Pandyas?
A) Sanskrit
B) Brahmi
C) Vattezhuthu
D) Grantha
  • 90. What was the name of the ruling lineage in southern Kerala known as the Chera dynasty from the 12th century?
A) Adigaman
B) Vanchi-Karur
C) Kulasekharas
D) Kalabhras
  • 91. Which region did the 'Keralas' dominate after the fifth century?
A) Northern Tamil Nadu
B) The Middle East
C) Former Chera territories
D) Southeast Asia
  • 92. What occurred to the constituent chiefdoms after the Chera kingdom was dissolved?
A) They became parts of the Pallava-Pandya domain
B) They moved to the Kongu country
C) They joined the Chola empire
D) They became independent
  • 93. Which of these powers did NOT exert dominance over the region following the early Chera period?
A) The Romans
B) The Chalukyas
C) The Rashtrakutas
D) The Kalabhras
  • 94. Trade guilds in South India up to the tenth century are often studied to understand which aspect of Chera society?
A) Architectural styles
B) Military tactics
C) Religious conversion
D) Economic organization
  • 95. Which historian explored the Jewish antiquities of the Malabar Coast, a region linked to early Chera trade?
A) Walter J. Fischel
B) Kesavan Veluthat
C) Rajan Gurukkal
D) Romila Thapar
  • 96. The study of 'Natu' in South India relates to which field of study regarding the Chera region?
A) Historical geography
B) Astrology
C) Medical science
D) Naval architecture
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