A) Nondisjunction B) Segregation C) Aneuploidy D) Disjunction
A) Only mitosis B) Meiosis I, meiosis II, or mitosis C) Only meiosis I D) Only meiosis II
A) Edwards syndrome B) Patau syndrome C) Turner syndrome D) Down syndrome
A) XXY B) X0 C) XYY D) XXX
A) Increased metabolic rate B) Presumed loss of cohesin over time C) Decrease in cytoplasm volume D) Reduced temperature
A) Natriuretic peptide type C (NPPC) B) Luteinizing hormone C) Cyclin B D) Cdc25B
A) Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) B) Adenylyl cyclase C) Cyclin B D) Protein kinase A (PKA)
A) Induces meiotic arrest B) Activates PDE3A C) Increases cAMP levels D) Spurs oocyte maturation
A) Mre11 B) Exo1 C) Spo11 D) Sae2
A) Represses IME1 B) Activates Cdc25 C) Inhibits APC/C D) Major meiotic regulator
A) Anaphase-promoting complex (APC) B) WEE2 C) PKA D) Cdc25B
A) Klinefelter syndrome B) Edwards syndrome C) Jacobs syndrome D) Down syndrome
A) Ubiquitin-dependent pathway B) Double Holliday junction (dHJ) pathway C) Synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) D) CSF pathway
A) Trisomy of chromosome 13 B) Trisomy of chromosome 21 C) Trisomy of chromosome 18 D) Monosomy of X chromosome
A) Increase cGMP transport B) Reduce cGMP transport C) Promote NPPC production D) Stabilize gap junctions
A) Yeast and mice B) Humans and primates C) Wood-feeding cockroaches D) Parabasalids and oxymonads
A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae B) Mus musculus C) Homo sapiens D) Cryptocercus
A) 1 B) 46 C) 23 D) 10
A) 1.6-fold B) 1.2-fold C) 3-fold D) 2-fold
A) At the mid-point of the chromosome B) At the nucleolus C) At the telomeres D) At the centromeres
A) At the heterochromatin B) At the centromeres C) At the kinetochores D) At the telomeres
A) 10% B) 100% C) 0.1% D) 1%
A) 100,000 bp B) 10 million bp C) 1 million bp D) 1,000 bp
A) At least 200 B) Fewer than 50 C) Exactly 100 D) Exactly 23
A) 27 times B) 200 times C) 42 times D) 10 times
A) 27 times B) 50 times C) 15 times D) 42 times
A) 50–100% B) 1–2% C) 90–100% D) 5–30%
A) 1–2 B) 5–10 C) 20–30 D) 100–200
A) They shorten B) They lengthen C) They stabilize D) They disappear
A) It is protected B) It is synthesized C) It is degraded D) It is doubled
A) No B) Yes, once C) Yes, twice D) Only in plant cells
A) Triploid B) Diploid C) Haploid D) Tetraploid
A) Six B) Four C) Eight D) Two
A) Rotated by 180 degrees B) Parallel C) Rotated by 90 degrees D) Identical
A) They condense B) They fuse C) They segregate D) They replicate
A) Homologous pairs B) Sister chromosomes C) Tetrads D) Centrosomes
A) DNA replication B) One diploid cell C) Four daughter cells D) Two daughter cells
A) Spindle fibers B) Cytoplasmic bridges C) Centrosomes D) Nuclear envelopes
A) They dissolve B) They replicate C) They lengthen D) They shorten
A) It grows B) It disappears C) It doubles D) It reforms
A) Crossing over B) Sister separation C) Moving through D) Two poles
A) Metaphase I B) Prometaphase C) Diakinesis D) Anaphase I
A) Cohesin complexes B) Centrosomes C) Chiasmata D) Nuclear membrane
A) Bipolar attachments dissolve B) Nucleoli disappear C) Cohesin is cleaved D) Independent assortment finishes
A) Microtubules B) Kinetochores C) Chromosomes D) Centrosomes
A) Approximately 80 B) Exactly 2 C) Over 200 D) About 40
A) Barrel shaped B) Spherical C) Linear D) Circular
A) A nuclear envelope B) An aster C) A kinetochore plate D) A centrosome
A) Unipolar attachment B) Chiasmata attachment C) Equatorial attachment D) Bipolar attachment
A) Centrosome alignment B) Nucleolar reformation C) Vesicle fusion D) Tension
A) Edouard Van Beneden B) Oscar Hertwig C) August Weismann D) Thomas Hunt Morgan
A) 1876 B) 1911 C) 1890 D) 1883
A) Thomas Hunt Morgan B) Oscar Hertwig C) August Weismann D) J.B. Farmer
A) Ascaris roundworm B) Bacteria C) Drosophila melanogaster D) Sea urchin
A) French B) Latin C) German D) Greek
A) Division B) Replication C) Lessening D) Doubling
A) Flemming B) Koernicke C) August Weismann D) Thomas Hunt Morgan
A) G2 phase B) S phase C) Prophase I D) G1 phase
A) Centromere B) Nucleus C) Chromosome D) Ribosome
A) G2 phase B) S phase C) Prophase D) G1 phase
A) G2 phase B) Interkinesis C) Prophase I D) Telophase I
A) Zygote B) Haploid C) Gamete D) Diploid
A) Polar bodies B) Sister chromatids C) Spindles D) Homologs
A) Binary fission B) Sister chromatids C) Spindle apparatus D) Crossovers
A) None B) Four C) One D) Two
A) Polar bodies B) Ovum C) Gametes D) Spores
A) Fungi B) Archaea C) Bdelloid rotifers D) Bacteria
A) Meiosis B) Parthenogenesis C) Binary fission D) Spore formation
A) Mitosis B) Horizontal gene transfer C) Meiosis D) Binary fission
A) Producing gametes B) Increasing the number of diploid cells C) Replacing damaged tissue D) Creating identical somatic cells
A) Zygote B) Sperm cell C) Polar body D) Ova
A) Excessive recombination B) Aneuploidy C) Sister chromatid cohesion D) S-phase duplication
A) Chromosome deletion B) Homologous recombination C) Mitotic division D) Sister chromatid synthesis
A) Tetrads B) Diploids C) Haploids D) Chromatin
A) Haploid cell B) Homologous pair C) Sister chromatid D) Tetrad
A) Thick threads B) Thin threads C) Paired threads D) Double threads
A) ~800 nm B) ~400 nm C) ~100 nm D) ~200 nm
A) Pachynema B) Diplonema C) Leptonema D) Zygonema
A) Crossing over B) Recombination C) Gene conversion D) Synapsis
A) ~400 nm B) ~100 nm C) ~50 nm D) ~1000 nm
A) Thin threads B) Thick threads C) Paired threads D) Separated threads
A) Diplotene B) Pachytene C) Zygotene D) Leptotene
A) Pachynema B) Leptonema C) Dictyotene D) Zygonema
A) Prokaryotic organisms B) Viral organisms C) Bacterial organisms D) Eukaryotic organisms
A) As exclusively sexual B) As multicellular C) As viral pathogens D) As asexual
A) Facultative sex B) Obligate asexual reproduction C) No genetic exchange D) Binary fission only
A) Homo sapiens B) Volvox carteri C) Schizosaccharomyces pombe D) Bombyx mori
A) Preventing mutation B) Repairing DNA damage C) Increasing chromosome number D) Accelerating cell division
A) Chromosomal deletions B) Double-strand breaks C) Point mutations D) Base pair substitutions
A) Hydrogen peroxide B) Antioxidants C) Heat shock D) Synaptonemal complexes
A) Antioxidants B) Heat shock C) Hydrogen peroxide D) Recombinational enzymes
A) Dictyate B) Achiasmate C) Synaptonemal D) Redundant
A) Sporic B) Diplontic C) Haplodiplontic D) Haplontic
A) During gamete formation B) During the mitotic phase C) Post-zygotic D) Pre-gametic
A) Zygotes B) Spores C) Spermatozoa D) Ova
A) Oocytes B) Follicle cells C) Spermatogonia D) Germinal vesicles
A) Germinal vesicle B) Spindle C) Polar body D) Somatic shell
A) FSH B) DAZL C) Nanos D) Retinoic acid
A) Folliculogenesis B) Spermatogenesis C) Atresia D) Dictyate stage
A) Seminiferous tubules B) Primitive kidney C) Anterior pituitary D) Germinal vesicle |