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  • 1. For evidence to be admissible, it must be:
A) Competent and credible
B) Relevant and competent
C) Relevant and material
D) Material and voluntary
  • 2. Collateral matters are admissible when they tend to:
A) Disprove all evidence
B) Support witness credibility only
C) Establish probability or improbability of a fact in issue
D) Confuse the issue
  • 3. Real evidence is also called:
A) Oral evidence
B) Secondary evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 4. Real evidence is considered
A) Circumstantial evidence
B) The highest order of evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) The weakest form of proof
  • 5. Testimonial evidence refers to:
A) Documentary proof
B) Objects presented to the court
C) Circumstantial demonstration
D) Statements given by witnesses under oath
  • 6. The “best evidence rule” requires
A) Hearsay testimony
B) Submission of any copy
C) Presentation of the original document
D) Oral testimony of document contents
  • 7. Parol evidence rule applies to:
A) Testimonies only
B) Electronic communications
C) Written contracts
D) Oral contracts
  • 8. Documentary evidence refers to
A) Oral declarations
B) Witness testimony
C) Written documents presented in court
D) Objects and materials
  • 9. The “Res inter alios acta” rule means
A) Hearsay statements are valid
B) Confidential evidence is protected
C) Admissions apply to all
D) Acts of others cannot prejudice another
  • 10. Admission by silence means:
A) Only verbal admissions are valid
B) Failure to deny implies consent
C) Silence is never an admission
D) Applies only to written statements
  • 11. The “Mercy Rule” allows an accused to:
A) Avoid cross-examination
B) Withhold testimony
C) Prove innocence by silence
D) Prove good moral character pertinent to the offense
  • 12. Privileged communication is based on
A) Lack of relevance
B) Confidentiality and public policy
C) Common interest
D) Mutual understanding
  • 13. Marital privilege applies:
A) Only before marriage
B) During or after marriage
C) Only if both spouses testify
D) Only if requested by prosecution
  • 14. Spousal immunity can be invoked:
A) After marriage
B) Only while the marriage subsists
C) Before marriage
D) By any relative
  • 15. Filial privilege prevents:
A) Priests from testifying
B) A child from testifying against parents
C) Parents from testifying against neighbors
D) Teachers from testifying
  • 16. The priest-penitent privilege protects:
A) Gossip about religious leaders
B) Public confessions
C) Confessions made in confidence during religious discipline
D) Anonymous statements
  • 17. Physician-patient privilege aims to:
A) Disallow expert witnesses
B) Protect hospital reputation
C) Prevent medical records in court
D) Encourage full disclosure for treatment
  • 18. The “Best Evidence Rule” is also called:
A) Original document rule
B) Hearsay rule
C) Competency rule
D) Parol rule
  • 19. Demonstrative evidence is admissible
A) Based on speculation
B) Relevant and properly identified
C) Cited by counsel
D) Emotional
  • 20. Dying declaration is admissible only if:
A) Written by another person
B) Made casually before death
C) Made in anticipation of death about its cause or circumstances
D) Made after survival
  • 21. A witness must be:
A) Authorized by both parties
B) Unavailable
C) Neutral and quiet
D) Competent and legally qualified
  • 22. A competent witness is one who:
A) Can perceive, recollect, and communicate
B) Is intelligent only
C) Can read and write
D) Is related to the accused
  • 23. Confession refers to:
A) Recognition of guilt in a criminal case
B) Testimony about another’s guilt
C) Declaration against interest
D) Privileged statement
  • 24. Judicial admission is:
A) Out-of-court statement
B) Admission made in court pleadings
C) Statement made to police
D) Admission made in casual conversation
  • 25. An “extra-judicial admission” is:
A) Testimony made in trial
B) Admission made out of court
C) Statement by a judge
D) Confession under oath
  • 26. The rule of competency allows:
A) Any legally qualified person to testify
B) Only police officers to testify
C) Only victims to testify
D) No minors as witnesses
  • 27. Expert witnesses may testify if:
A) They have personal knowledge
B) They are relatives
C) They are court employees
D) They have special knowledge or skill
  • 28. DNA evidence is evaluated based on
A) Court preference
B) Proper collection, handling, and analysis
C) Source reliability only
D) Age of samples
  • 29. A confession is valid even if:
A) Anonymous
B) Oral or informal
C) Forced
D) Made under torture
  • 30. The “totality of circumstances” test evaluates:
A) Quantity of witnesses
B) The certainty and reliability of witness identification
C) Public opinion
D) Strength of documents
  • 31. Hearsay evidence is generally:
A) Inadmissible unless covered by exceptions
B) Allowed if written
C) Based on rumor
D) Always admissible
  • 32. The rule against hearsay aims to:
A) Exclude unreliable secondhand statements
B) Shorten the trial
C) Support confessions
D) Admit all statements
  • 33. An example of hearsay exception is
A) Dying declaration
B) Character evidence
C) Opinion testimony
D) Cross-examination
  • 34. An admission made under oath in another case is called:
A) Extra-judicial admission
B) Confession
C) Privileged declaration
D) Judicial admission
  • 35. A confession obtained through coercion is:
A) Valid if recorded
B) Considered documentary evidence
C) Acceptable
D) Inadmissible
  • 36. Character evidence is generally inadmissible to
A) Prove conduct on a specific occasion
B) Indicate intent
C) Show motive
D) Support credibility
  • 37. The "chain of custody" ensures:
A) Speedy trial
B) Integrity of physical evidence
C) Witness credibility
D) Admissibility of confessions
  • 38. A hostile witness is one who:
A) Shows bias or hostility toward the party calling him
B) Lies under oath
C) Lacks knowledge
D) Refuses to testify
  • 39. The burden of proof lies with:
A) The defense
B) The judge
C) The prosecution
D) The witness
  • 40. The quantum of proof in criminal cases is:
A) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
B) Substantial evidence
C) Probable cause
D) Preponderance of evidence
  • 41. The rule that requires the original document to be presented is:
A) Res Inter Alios Acta
B) Parol Evidence Rule
C) Hearsay Rule
D) Best Evidence Rule
  • 42. A statement made in anticipation of death is
A) Confession
B) Dying Declaration
C) Judicial declaration
D) Admission
E) Dying Inside to Hold you
  • 43. A person who gives evidence in court is called:
A) Judge Nono
B) Expert
C) Judge
D) Complainant
E) Witness
  • 44. The ability of a witness to observe and communicate is called:
A) Reliability
B) Credibility
C) Intelligence
D) Competency
  • 45. The rule preventing the use of oral statements to modify a written contract is:
A) Res Inter Alios Acta
B) Hearsay Rule
C) Best Evidence Rule
D) Parol Evidence Rule
  • 46. A privilege preventing testimony between husband and wife is called:
A) Priest Privilege
B) Physician Privilege
C) Marital Privilege
D) Parental Privilege
  • 47. The privilege protecting communications between doctor and patient is:
A) Physician-Patient Privilege
B) Client-Lawyer Privilege
C) Parental Privilege
D) Marital Privilege
E) Professional Privilege
  • 48. The privilege that protects religious confessions is:
A) Spiritual Privilege
B) Teacher-Student Privilege
C) Doctor-Patient Privilege
D) Spousal Privilege
E) Priest-Penitent Privilege
  • 49. The rule stating that the acts of others cannot prejudice a person is:
A) Hearsay Rule
B) Best Evidence Rule
C) Exa Sec To
D) Parol Evidence Rule
E) Res Inter Alios Acta Rule
  • 50. The rule allowing statements made against one’s own interest to be admissible is:
A) Parol rule evidence
B) Opinion Rule
C) Dying against declaration
D) Declaration Against Interest
E) Admission by Silence
  • 51. Collateral matters are never admissible.
A) Maybe
B) False
C) True
  • 52. A confession can be oral or written.
A) Maybe
B) True
C) False
  • 53. The original document rule is the same as the best evidence rule.
A) False
B) Maybe
C) True
  • 54. Privileged communications promote public policy and confidentiality.
A) False
B) True
C) Maybe
  • 55. Hearsay evidence is generally admissible.
A) Maybe
B) False
C) True
  • 56. An oath is required for every witness before testifying.
A) Maybe
B) True
C) False
  • 57. A dying declaration must relate to the cause or circumstances of death.
A) Maybe
B) True
C) False
  • 58. Expert witnesses must rely only on personal knowledge
A) Maybe
B) True
C) False
  • 59. Spousal immunity can still apply after divorce.
A) False
B) True
C) Maybe
  • 60. Do you think my greatest love shall be mine again?
A) Wala na tol wag kana umasa
B) Depende
C) Yes comback
D) Gusto may mag mahal pero ayaw mag move on aray mo! Alam mo ha
E) No comback
  • 61. which of the following is considered a public or official record under Rule 130?
A) A company's internal memo
B) a birth certificate issued by the local by the local civil registrar
C) personal diary
D) an email exchange between private citizens
  • 62. what does the "mercy rule" generally refer to in the context of character evidence of a victim's good character.
A) The rule prohibiting any character evidence in court
B) the rule allowing the evidence of a defendant's good character to show they are unlikely to have committed the crime
C) the rule allowing evidence of a defendant's good character to show they are unlikely to have committed the crim The rule prohibiting any character evidence in court
D) The rule allowing evidence of a witness's merciful nature.
  • 63. What is the primary characteristic of "character as circumstantial evidence
A) It is only used to impeach a witness.
B) It suggests a person acted in a certain way based on their general disposition.
C) It directly proves a key fact in the case.
D) It is always inadmissible in court.
  • 64. Which of the following best describes the "res inter alios acta rule"
A) Evidence is admissible only if it directly involves the parties in the current case.
B) Only documentary evidence is subject to this rule.
C) Evidence related to transactions or occurrences involving third parties is generally inadmissible.
D) All evidence, regardless of its source, is admissible as long as it is relevant.
  • 65. What is the significance of "learned treatises" in legal evidence?
A) They are only relevant in medical malpractice cases
B) They are always admissible as direct evidence.
C) They are never admissible in court.
D) They can be used to cross-examine expert witnesses.
  • 66. When is "opinion rule" applicable in court?
A) When a lay witness offers opinions based on common knowledge.
B) All of the above
C) When a witness speculates without factual basis.
D) When an expert witness provides scientific or technical opinions.
  • 67. What is the primary purpose of the "reported testimony rule"
A) To exclude all prior testimonies from being admitted in court.
B) To allow hearsay evidence without any limitations.
C) To permit the use of testimony given in a prior proceeding under certain conditions
D) To encourage witnesses to report crimes.
  • 68. Which of the following scenarios involves "character as direct evidence"?
A) Introducing evidence of a defendant's violent tendencies to suggest they committed assault.
B) Showing a person's reputation for recklessness to prove negligence.
C) Offering evidence of a person's character when character is an essential element of a claim or defense.
D) Presenting evidence of a person's honesty to show they are a credible witness.
  • 69. What types of records are typically covered under "public or official records"
A) Government agency documents available for public inspection.
B) Private contracts between individuals
C) Personal letters stored in a government archive.
D) Internal memos of a private company.
  • 70. What is a "commercial list" as it pertains to evidence?
A) A list of businesses registered with the government.
B) A catalog of products for sale online.
C) A compilation of data used in a specific industry.
D) A list of items sold in a store.
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