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  • 1. For evidence to be admissible, it must be:
A) Material and voluntary
B) Relevant and material
C) Relevant and competent
D) Competent and credible
  • 2. Collateral matters are admissible when they tend to:
A) Establish probability or improbability of a fact in issue
B) Confuse the issue
C) Disprove all evidence
D) Support witness credibility only
  • 3. Real evidence is also called:
A) Object evidence
B) Secondary evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Oral evidence
  • 4. Real evidence is considered
A) Circumstantial evidence
B) The highest order of evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) The weakest form of proof
  • 5. Testimonial evidence refers to:
A) Circumstantial demonstration
B) Objects presented to the court
C) Documentary proof
D) Statements given by witnesses under oath
  • 6. The “best evidence rule” requires
A) Oral testimony of document contents
B) Hearsay testimony
C) Submission of any copy
D) Presentation of the original document
  • 7. Parol evidence rule applies to:
A) Oral contracts
B) Electronic communications
C) Testimonies only
D) Written contracts
  • 8. Documentary evidence refers to
A) Written documents presented in court
B) Witness testimony
C) Objects and materials
D) Oral declarations
  • 9. The “Res inter alios acta” rule means
A) Hearsay statements are valid
B) Confidential evidence is protected
C) Acts of others cannot prejudice another
D) Admissions apply to all
  • 10. Admission by silence means:
A) Failure to deny implies consent
B) Only verbal admissions are valid
C) Silence is never an admission
D) Applies only to written statements
  • 11. The “Mercy Rule” allows an accused to:
A) Prove good moral character pertinent to the offense
B) Withhold testimony
C) Avoid cross-examination
D) Prove innocence by silence
  • 12. Privileged communication is based on
A) Lack of relevance
B) Mutual understanding
C) Confidentiality and public policy
D) Common interest
  • 13. Marital privilege applies:
A) Only if both spouses testify
B) Only before marriage
C) During or after marriage
D) Only if requested by prosecution
  • 14. Spousal immunity can be invoked:
A) Before marriage
B) By any relative
C) Only while the marriage subsists
D) After marriage
  • 15. Filial privilege prevents:
A) Parents from testifying against neighbors
B) Priests from testifying
C) Teachers from testifying
D) A child from testifying against parents
  • 16. The priest-penitent privilege protects:
A) Confessions made in confidence during religious discipline
B) Public confessions
C) Gossip about religious leaders
D) Anonymous statements
  • 17. Physician-patient privilege aims to:
A) Protect hospital reputation
B) Prevent medical records in court
C) Encourage full disclosure for treatment
D) Disallow expert witnesses
  • 18. The “Best Evidence Rule” is also called:
A) Competency rule
B) Original document rule
C) Hearsay rule
D) Parol rule
  • 19. Demonstrative evidence is admissible
A) Based on speculation
B) Emotional
C) Relevant and properly identified
D) Cited by counsel
  • 20. Dying declaration is admissible only if:
A) Written by another person
B) Made casually before death
C) Made after survival
D) Made in anticipation of death about its cause or circumstances
  • 21. A witness must be:
A) Competent and legally qualified
B) Neutral and quiet
C) Authorized by both parties
D) Unavailable
  • 22. A competent witness is one who:
A) Is intelligent only
B) Can perceive, recollect, and communicate
C) Can read and write
D) Is related to the accused
  • 23. Confession refers to:
A) Testimony about another’s guilt
B) Recognition of guilt in a criminal case
C) Declaration against interest
D) Privileged statement
  • 24. Judicial admission is:
A) Admission made in casual conversation
B) Statement made to police
C) Admission made in court pleadings
D) Out-of-court statement
  • 25. An “extra-judicial admission” is:
A) Confession under oath
B) Statement by a judge
C) Testimony made in trial
D) Admission made out of court
  • 26. The rule of competency allows:
A) Only victims to testify
B) No minors as witnesses
C) Any legally qualified person to testify
D) Only police officers to testify
  • 27. Expert witnesses may testify if:
A) They have personal knowledge
B) They have special knowledge or skill
C) They are court employees
D) They are relatives
  • 28. DNA evidence is evaluated based on
A) Source reliability only
B) Age of samples
C) Court preference
D) Proper collection, handling, and analysis
  • 29. A confession is valid even if:
A) Oral or informal
B) Made under torture
C) Anonymous
D) Forced
  • 30. The “totality of circumstances” test evaluates:
A) Quantity of witnesses
B) Public opinion
C) Strength of documents
D) The certainty and reliability of witness identification
  • 31. Hearsay evidence is generally:
A) Based on rumor
B) Allowed if written
C) Always admissible
D) Inadmissible unless covered by exceptions
  • 32. The rule against hearsay aims to:
A) Shorten the trial
B) Exclude unreliable secondhand statements
C) Admit all statements
D) Support confessions
  • 33. An example of hearsay exception is
A) Character evidence
B) Opinion testimony
C) Dying declaration
D) Cross-examination
  • 34. An admission made under oath in another case is called:
A) Confession
B) Judicial admission
C) Privileged declaration
D) Extra-judicial admission
  • 35. A confession obtained through coercion is:
A) Inadmissible
B) Acceptable
C) Considered documentary evidence
D) Valid if recorded
  • 36. Character evidence is generally inadmissible to
A) Indicate intent
B) Show motive
C) Prove conduct on a specific occasion
D) Support credibility
  • 37. The "chain of custody" ensures:
A) Integrity of physical evidence
B) Admissibility of confessions
C) Speedy trial
D) Witness credibility
  • 38. A hostile witness is one who:
A) Refuses to testify
B) Shows bias or hostility toward the party calling him
C) Lacks knowledge
D) Lies under oath
  • 39. The burden of proof lies with:
A) The defense
B) The judge
C) The witness
D) The prosecution
  • 40. The quantum of proof in criminal cases is:
A) Preponderance of evidence
B) Substantial evidence
C) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
D) Probable cause
  • 41. The rule that requires the original document to be presented is:
A) Best Evidence Rule
B) Hearsay Rule
C) Res Inter Alios Acta
D) Parol Evidence Rule
  • 42. A statement made in anticipation of death is
A) Dying Declaration
B) Judicial declaration
C) Confession
D) Dying Inside to Hold you
E) Admission
  • 43. A person who gives evidence in court is called:
A) Complainant
B) Judge Nono
C) Witness
D) Judge
E) Expert
  • 44. The ability of a witness to observe and communicate is called:
A) Intelligence
B) Reliability
C) Competency
D) Credibility
  • 45. The rule preventing the use of oral statements to modify a written contract is:
A) Hearsay Rule
B) Best Evidence Rule
C) Parol Evidence Rule
D) Res Inter Alios Acta
  • 46. A privilege preventing testimony between husband and wife is called:
A) Parental Privilege
B) Priest Privilege
C) Physician Privilege
D) Marital Privilege
  • 47. The privilege protecting communications between doctor and patient is:
A) Parental Privilege
B) Professional Privilege
C) Marital Privilege
D) Client-Lawyer Privilege
E) Physician-Patient Privilege
  • 48. The privilege that protects religious confessions is:
A) Doctor-Patient Privilege
B) Priest-Penitent Privilege
C) Spiritual Privilege
D) Teacher-Student Privilege
E) Spousal Privilege
  • 49. The rule stating that the acts of others cannot prejudice a person is:
A) Best Evidence Rule
B) Parol Evidence Rule
C) Hearsay Rule
D) Res Inter Alios Acta Rule
E) Exa Sec To
  • 50. The rule allowing statements made against one’s own interest to be admissible is:
A) Admission by Silence
B) Opinion Rule
C) Declaration Against Interest
D) Parol rule evidence
E) Dying against declaration
  • 51. Collateral matters are never admissible.
A) True
B) False
C) Maybe
  • 52. A confession can be oral or written.
A) False
B) Maybe
C) True
  • 53. The original document rule is the same as the best evidence rule.
A) False
B) Maybe
C) True
  • 54. Privileged communications promote public policy and confidentiality.
A) True
B) False
C) Maybe
  • 55. Hearsay evidence is generally admissible.
A) True
B) False
C) Maybe
  • 56. An oath is required for every witness before testifying.
A) Maybe
B) False
C) True
  • 57. A dying declaration must relate to the cause or circumstances of death.
A) Maybe
B) True
C) False
  • 58. Expert witnesses must rely only on personal knowledge
A) False
B) Maybe
C) True
  • 59. Spousal immunity can still apply after divorce.
A) True
B) False
C) Maybe
  • 60. Do you think my greatest love shall be mine again?
A) Depende
B) Gusto may mag mahal pero ayaw mag move on aray mo! Alam mo ha
C) Yes comback
D) No comback
E) Wala na tol wag kana umasa
  • 61. which of the following is considered a public or official record under Rule 130?
A) personal diary
B) a birth certificate issued by the local by the local civil registrar
C) an email exchange between private citizens
D) A company's internal memo
  • 62. what does the "mercy rule" generally refer to in the context of character evidence of a victim's good character.
A) The rule prohibiting any character evidence in court
B) The rule allowing evidence of a witness's merciful nature.
C) the rule allowing the evidence of a defendant's good character to show they are unlikely to have committed the crime
D) the rule allowing evidence of a defendant's good character to show they are unlikely to have committed the crim The rule prohibiting any character evidence in court
  • 63. What is the primary characteristic of "character as circumstantial evidence
A) It is only used to impeach a witness.
B) It suggests a person acted in a certain way based on their general disposition.
C) It directly proves a key fact in the case.
D) It is always inadmissible in court.
  • 64. Which of the following best describes the "res inter alios acta rule"
A) Evidence related to transactions or occurrences involving third parties is generally inadmissible.
B) All evidence, regardless of its source, is admissible as long as it is relevant.
C) Only documentary evidence is subject to this rule.
D) Evidence is admissible only if it directly involves the parties in the current case.
  • 65. What is the significance of "learned treatises" in legal evidence?
A) They are always admissible as direct evidence.
B) They can be used to cross-examine expert witnesses.
C) They are only relevant in medical malpractice cases
D) They are never admissible in court.
  • 66. When is "opinion rule" applicable in court?
A) When a lay witness offers opinions based on common knowledge.
B) When an expert witness provides scientific or technical opinions.
C) When a witness speculates without factual basis.
D) All of the above
  • 67. What is the primary purpose of the "reported testimony rule"
A) To allow hearsay evidence without any limitations.
B) To exclude all prior testimonies from being admitted in court.
C) To encourage witnesses to report crimes.
D) To permit the use of testimony given in a prior proceeding under certain conditions
  • 68. Which of the following scenarios involves "character as direct evidence"?
A) Showing a person's reputation for recklessness to prove negligence.
B) Offering evidence of a person's character when character is an essential element of a claim or defense.
C) Presenting evidence of a person's honesty to show they are a credible witness.
D) Introducing evidence of a defendant's violent tendencies to suggest they committed assault.
  • 69. What types of records are typically covered under "public or official records"
A) Internal memos of a private company.
B) Government agency documents available for public inspection.
C) Private contracts between individuals
D) Personal letters stored in a government archive.
  • 70. What is a "commercial list" as it pertains to evidence?
A) A list of businesses registered with the government.
B) A catalog of products for sale online.
C) A list of items sold in a store.
D) A compilation of data used in a specific industry.
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