Machu Picchu - Quiz
Machu Picchu
  • 1. What is the approximate altitude range of Machu Picchu?
A) 1,500 metres to 2,000 metres above sea level
B) 2,500 metres to 3,000 metres above sea level
C) 2,200 metres to 2,500 metres above sea level
D) 3,000 metres to 3,500 metres above sea level
  • 2. What type of climate does Machu Picchu have?
A) Tropical rainforest climate
B) Temperate oceanic climate
C) Subtropical highland climate
D) Desert climate
  • 3. What is the average annual precipitation at Machu Picchu?
A) 2,500 millimetres
B) 2,010 millimetres
C) 1,000 millimetres
D) 1,500 millimetres
  • 4. What is the annual mean temperature at Machu Picchu?
A) Approximately 25 °C
B) Approximately 18 °C
C) Approximately 10 °C
D) Approximately 30 °C
  • 5. What is the typical humidity level at Machu Picchu?
A) 60–70%
B) 80–90%
C) 30–40%
D) 50–60%
  • 6. What type of vegetation is typical in the area around Machu Picchu?
A) Tundra vegetation
B) Sparse vegetation
C) Desert vegetation
D) Dense vegetation
  • 7. How many main sectors is Machu Picchu divided into?
A) Four
B) One
C) Two
D) Three
  • 8. What is the agricultural sector of Machu Picchu composed of?
A) Terraces (andenes)
B) Mountains
C) Plains
D) Forests
  • 9. What does the urban sector of Machu Picchu contain?
A) Only places of worship
B) Residences, places of worship, and warehouses
C) Only residences
D) Only warehouses
  • 10. What are the two parts of the urban sector?
A) North town and south town
B) East town and west town
C) Upper town (Hanan) and lower town (Hurin)
D) Central town and outer town
  • 11. What is the Sacred Plaza known for?
A) Hosting the main market
B) Being the largest plaza in Machu Picchu
C) Incorporating the Main Temple and the Temple of the Three Windows
D) Being the residential area
  • 12. What is the Intihuatana?
A) A stone bridge
B) A large stone door
C) A pyramid-like stone platform
D) A ceremonial fountain
  • 13. What is the style of the three-sided buildings in Machu Picchu?
A) Trapezoidal style
B) Rectangular style
C) Circular style
D) Wayrona style
  • 14. What was the purpose of the Torreón?
A) It was used as a marketplace
B) It was used as a prison
C) It was used as a library
D) It may have been used as an observatory
  • 15. What is the Popular District also known as?
A) Commercial District
B) Residential District
C) Religious District
D) Ceremonial District
  • 16. What is the Guardian's house known for?
A) It is a single-story building
B) It is a three-sided building
C) It is a circular building
D) It is a multi-story building
  • 17. What was the purpose of the detailed laser scans made by the University of Arkansas?
A) For entertainment purposes
B) For educational purposes
C) For commercial purposes
D) For research purposes
  • 18. What is the Temple of the Condor known for?
A) It includes ritual caves and a large carved stone often interpreted as a condor
B) It is the largest temple in Machu Picchu
C) It is used as a storage building
D) It is the only temple with a roof
  • 19. How are the buildings at Machu Picchu adapted to the terrain?
A) They are arranged on wide parallel terraces
B) They are constructed on steep cliffs
C) They are built underground
D) They are built on flat plains
  • 20. What is the purpose of the kanchas at Machu Picchu?
A) They are long and narrow compounds to exploit the terrain
B) They are circular compounds for defense
C) They are triangular compounds for ceremonies
D) They are square compounds for storage
  • 21. What is the function of the sophisticated channeling systems at Machu Picchu?
A) Provided water for drinking
B) Provided irrigation for the fields
C) Provided water for bathing
D) Provided water for cooking
  • 22. What is the purpose of the stone stairways at Machu Picchu?
A) Served as decorative elements
B) Were used for ceremonial purposes
C) Allowed access to the different levels across the site
D) Were used for defense
  • 23. What is the primary function of the western section of the city?
A) Religious and ceremonial purposes
B) Agricultural purposes
C) Residential purposes
D) Commercial purposes
  • 24. What are the primary archaeological treasures at Machu Picchu?
A) The Guardian's house and the Popular District
B) The Main Square and the Sacred Plaza
C) The Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun, and the Temple of the Three Windows
D) The Torreón and the Temple of the Condor
  • 25. In which century was Machu Picchu built?
A) 16th century
B) 14th century
C) 15th century
D) 17th century
  • 26. Which river is Machu Picchu located along?
A) Amazon River
B) Urubamba River
C) Apurímac River
D) Madre de Dios River
  • 27. Who is believed to have used Machu Picchu as an estate?
A) Inca emperor Manco Inca
B) Inca emperor Huayna Capac
C) Inca emperor Pachacuti
D) Inca emperor Atahualpa
  • 28. Who brought Machu Picchu to international attention in 1911?
A) British explorer Sir Richard Francis Burton
B) American historian Hiram Bingham III
C) French archaeologist Jacques de Mahieu
D) Peruvian explorer Agustín Lizárraga
  • 29. When was Machu Picchu designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A) 1990
B) 1983
C) 1978
D) 2007
  • 30. What is the meaning of 'Machu' in Quechua?
A) 'Young'
B) 'Mountain'
C) 'Old' or 'old person'
D) 'Sun'
  • 31. What does 'Picchu' refer to in Quechua?
A) 'River'
B) 'Valley'
C) 'Temple'
D) 'Summit', 'peak', or 'pyramid'
  • 32. What is the likely original name of Machu Picchu?
A) 'Machu Pichu'
B) 'Cusco'
C) 'Huayna Picchu'
D) 'Inti Watana'
  • 33. What is the name of the mountain that shares its name with the likely original name of Machu Picchu?
A) Huayna Picchu
B) Inti Watana
C) Wayna Picchu
D) Machu Picchu
  • 34. When was Machu Picchu named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World?
A) 2007
B) 2010
C) 2015
D) 2005
  • 35. How many visitors does Machu Picchu receive annually as of 2025?
A) Over 2 million
B) Over 1.5 million
C) Over 1 million
D) Over 500,000
  • 36. What is the name of the province where Machu Picchu is situated?
A) Urubamba Province
B) Cusco Province
C) Arequipa Province
D) Puno Province
  • 37. What is the name of the valley near Machu Picchu?
A) Lost Valley
B) Sacred Valley
C) Mystic Valley
D) Hidden Valley
  • 38. What was Machu Picchu primarily used as during its occupation?
A) A permanent capital city
B) A seasonal royal retreat
C) A trading hub
D) A military fortress
  • 39. What disease is suggested to have affected the inhabitants of Machu Picchu before the Spanish arrival?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Cholera
C) Malaria
D) Smallpox
  • 40. What type of site is Machu Picchu considered to be?
A) A royal estate
B) A trade center
C) A religious temple
D) A commoner village
  • 41. What type of measurements were used in the 2021 study to date Machu Picchu's occupation?
A) AMS radiocarbon measurements
B) Potassium-argon dating
C) Thermoluminescence dating
D) Dendrochronology
  • 42. Who led the 2021 study that provided new insights into Machu Picchu's chronology?
A) John H. Rowe
B) Hiram Bingham
C) Gordon Willey
D) Richard L. Burger
  • 43. What was the primary reason for the reduced staffing during winter?
A) The harsher season
B) Increased agricultural activities
C) Religious festivals
D) Trade expeditions
  • 44. What does the lower level of arthritis and bone fractures in skeletal remains suggest?
A) Less heavy physical labor
B) More heavy physical labor
C) Higher levels of physical activity
D) More frequent military service
  • 45. What role did guinea pigs play at Machu Picchu?
A) Transportation
B) Funerary rituals
C) Companionship
D) Agricultural work
  • 46. What was the estimated maximum population that the agricultural output of Machu Picchu could support?
A) 3000 people.
B) 750 people.
C) 1500 people.
D) 500 people.
  • 47. Why was routine irrigation generally unnecessary for the terraces at Machu Picchu?
A) Because the terraces were close to a river.
B) Because of advanced irrigation technology.
C) Because the terraces were built on a plateau.
D) Because the area received ample rainfall.
  • 48. What was the main ceremonial crop grown at Machu Picchu?
A) Quinoa.
B) Maize.
C) Potatoes.
D) Barley.
  • 49. What type of animal remains were commonly found at Machu Picchu, indicating ritual sacrifice?
A) Llamas.
B) Guinea pigs.
C) Camelids.
D) Alpacas.
  • 50. Which Spanish conquistador documented a visit to a mountain fortress with majestic buildings?
A) Hernando de Soto
B) Diego de Almagro
C) Francisco Pizarro
D) Baltasar de Ocampo
  • 51. What material were the lintels of the doors at the mountain fortress made of?
A) Sandstone
B) Limestone
C) Granite
D) Marble
  • 52. Who is suggested to have rediscovered and exploited Machu Picchu in the late 19th century?
A) T. H. Holmes
B) Hiram Bingham
C) J. M. von Hassel
D) Augusto Berns
  • 53. Which engineer is suggested to have arrived at Machu Picchu earlier than Augusto Berns, though without solid evidence?
A) Augusto Berns
B) Hiram Bingham
C) J. M. von Hassel
D) T. H. Holmes
  • 54. In what year is Machu Picchu first referenced on maps?
A) 1920
B) 1904
C) 1874
D) 1850
  • 55. Who led the expedition that first reached the stone structures of Machu Picchu in 1902?
A) Carlos Romero
B) Hiram Bingham
C) Agustín Lizárraga
D) Melchor Arteaga
  • 56. In what year did Hiram Bingham visit Machu Picchu?
A) 1902
B) 1922
C) 1912
D) 1911
  • 57. Which villager led Hiram Bingham to Machu Picchu?
A) Pablito
B) Melchor Arteaga
C) Sergeant Carrasco
D) Richarte
  • 58. Who was the chief historian in Lima that Bingham consulted?
A) Melchor Arteaga
B) Carlos Romero
C) Agustín Lizárraga
D) Father Antonio de la Calancha
  • 59. What did Bingham find at the top of Huayna Picchu?
A) A lost manuscript
B) A treasure trove of gold
C) Excellent ruins
D) A modern village
  • 60. What did Bingham name the ruins at Espíritu Pampa?
A) Machu Picchu
B) Vilcabamba Viejo
C) Rosaspata
D) Trombone Pampa
  • 61. Who further explored the ruins at Espíritu Pampa in 1964?
A) Gene Savoy
B) Melchor Arteaga
C) Agustín Lizárraga
D) Hiram Bingham
  • 62. What did Gene Savoy identify Espíritu Pampa as?
A) Machu Picchu
B) Rosaspata
C) Vilcabamba Viejo
D) Choqquequirau
  • 63. What did Bingham compare his discovery of Machu Picchu to?
A) The French fishermen visiting North America
B) The exploration of the Amazon River
C) The discovery of the New World by the Norsemen
D) Columbus discovering America
  • 64. What was the name of the old Inca capital that Bingham rediscovered?
A) Huayna Picchu
B) Choqquequirau
C) Vitcos
D) Machu Picchu
  • 65. Who accused Yale of profiting from Peru's cultural heritage?
A) The Prefect of Cusco
B) Hiram Bingham
C) The National Geographic Society
D) Eliane Karp
  • 66. When was the third and final batch of artifacts delivered to Peru?
A) November 2012
B) November 2007
C) November 2006
D) November 2010
  • 67. Who led the international team that investigated the Principal Plaza of Machu Picchu between 2017 and 2019?
A) Luis Valcarcel
B) John Hemming
C) Nicola Masini
D) Hiram Bingham
  • 68. What was the initial form of the Principal Plaza before it was expanded?
A) A residential complex
B) A large open field
C) A stone-paved market area
D) A smaller sunken plaza (plaza hundida)
  • 69. In which year was the area surrounding Machu Picchu declared a 'Historic Sanctuary' by Peru?
A) 1983
B) 1981
C) 1987
D) 1985
  • 70. How many square kilometers is the area declared as a 'Historic Sanctuary' around Machu Picchu?
A) 325.92
B) 250.00
C) 500.00
D) 400.00
  • 71. Which animal is not listed as a resident species in the Machu Picchu sanctuary?
A) Andean fox
B) Puma
C) Polar bear
D) Spectacled bear
  • 72. What type of tree is not mentioned as being found in the Machu Picchu area?
A) Gymnosperms
B) Ferns
C) Oak
D) Palms
  • 73. What is the official name of the town located below the ruins of Machu Picchu?
A) Ollantaytambo
B) Aguas Calientes
C) Urubamba
D) Cusco
  • 74. Which of the following is not a twin town of Machu Picchu?
A) Paris, France
B) Petra, Jordan
C) Haworth, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
D) Fukushima, Japan
  • 75. In which year did tourist numbers at Machu Picchu exceed 1.5 million?
A) 2025
B) 2020
C) 2021
D) 2023
  • 76. Which event led to the temporary closure of Machu Picchu in 2010?
A) Volcanic eruption
B) Severe flooding caused by El Niño
C) Landslide
D) Earthquake
  • 77. In which year was Machu Picchu closed to visitors due to the COVID-19 pandemic?
A) 2022
B) 2019
C) 2021
D) 2020
  • 78. What was the reason for the indefinite closure of Machu Picchu on 22 January 2023?
A) 2022–2023 Peruvian protests
B) Natural disaster
C) Government policy change
D) Infrastructure failure
  • 79. How does the climate of Machu Picchu compare to that of Cusco?
A) Colder
B) Warmer
C) Milder
D) Same as Cusco
  • 80. What type of rock primarily composes the bedrock at Machu Picchu?
A) Granite
B) Sandstone
C) Marble
D) Limestone
  • 81. What unique architectural feature does Inti Mach'ay have?
A) A large dome
B) A spiral staircase
C) A tunnel-like window
D) A water fountain
  • 82. What unique feature do the joints of the Temple of the Three Windows display?
A) Helical planes
B) Straight lines
C) Zigzag patterns
D) Circular patterns
  • 83. What material were the ropes made from to move stones?
A) Maguey fibers
B) Cotton fibers
C) Flax fibers
D) Hemp fibers
  • 84. What was the likely method for moving stones from higher to lower elevations?
A) Using pulleys
B) Using cranes
C) Using elevators
D) Using ramps with gentle inclines
  • 85. What is the name of the pass at the highest altitude on the Inca Trail?
A) Huayna Picchu
B) Warmi Wañusqa
C) Salkantay Pass
D) Inti Punku
  • 86. What is required to hike the Inca Trail?
A) Booking through a tourism agency
B) A special permit from the Peruvian government
C) A guide from the local community
D) A letter of recommendation from a travel agency
  • 87. Why is the road travel route less recommended during the rainy season?
A) Lack of transportation services
B) Closed roads
C) Heavy traffic
D) Potential landslide risks
  • 88. How long is the new paved roadway to Machu Picchu?
A) 30 kilometers (18 miles)
B) 35 kilometers (22 miles)
C) 25 kilometers (15 miles)
D) 28.41 kilometers (22 miles)
  • 89. Which biopic features Machu Picchu prominently and is based on Che Guevara's travel memoir?
A) The Motorcycle Diaries (2004)
B) Guevara (2007)
C) Che (2008)
D) The Argentine (2005)
  • 90. Which Simpsons episode features Machu Picchu?
A) Lost Verizon (2008)
B) Marge in Chains (2004)
C) The Mook, the Chef, the Wife and Her Homer (2014)
D) The President Wore Pearls (2003)
  • 91. Which multimedia artist's series includes footage of Machu Picchu?
A) Olafur Eliasson's The Weather Project
B) Ai Weiwei's Circle of Animals/Zodiac Heads
C) Banksy's Dismaland
D) Kimsooja's Thread Routes series (2010)
  • 92. Which Indian Tamil-language film's song was filmed at Machu Picchu?
A) Baahubali (2015)
B) 2.0 (2018)
C) Enthiran (2010)
D) Kadhalan (1994)
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