Acropolis of Athens

Acropolis of Athens - Quiz

1. What does the word 'Acropolis' mean in ancient Greek?

A) Golden temple
B) Central plaza
C) Upper city
D) Fortified tower

2. On which hill is the Acropolis of Athens located?

A) Pnyx Hill
B) Hill of the Olive Trees
C) Acropolis Hill
D) Mars Hill

3. Who ordered the construction of the most important monuments on the Acropolis in the 5th century BC?

A) Cleisthenes
B) Socrates
C) Herodotus
D) Pericles

4. What is the main function of the Propylaea in the Acropolis of Athens?

A) Temple dedicated to Athena
B) Monumental entrance to the Acropolis
C) Portico for merchants
D) Theater for dramatic performances

5. What is the most famous temple on the Acropolis of Athens?

A) Temple of Zeus
B) Parthenon
C) Erechtheion
D) Temple of Athena Nike

6. What giant bronze sculpture was located in the Acropolis of Athens and was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?

A) Statue of Zeus in Olympia
B) Frieze of the Panathenaic Games
C) Colossus of Rhodes
D) Aphrodite of Cnidus

7. What was the predominant material used in the construction of the buildings on the Acropolis?

A) Granite
B) Concrete
C) Marble
D) Brick

8. Which Greek goddess is the namesake of the city of Athens and protects the Acropolis?

A) Hera
B) Artemis
C) Aphrodite
D) Athena

9. What is the meaning of the word 'Acropolis'?

A) 'Highest point, city'
B) 'Temple complex'
C) 'Sacred hill'
D) 'Ancient fortress'

10. Which legendary figure was Cecropia named after?

A) Theseus
B) Cecrops
C) Hercules
D) Pericles

11. What event caused significant damage to the Parthenon and other buildings in 1687?

A) An earthquake
B) A flood
C) A fire started by Athenians
D) The Venetian bombardment during the Morean War

12. What was the primary material used for the Older Parthenon's construction before it was changed to marble?

A) Granite
B) Marble
C) Piraeus limestone
D) Sandstone

13. What was the Hekatompedon also known as?

A) Older Parthenon
B) Ur-Parthenon
C) Erechtheion
D) Temple of Athena Nike

14. What was the purpose of the well near the northeastern edge of the Acropolis?

A) Stored grain for the city
B) Provided protected drinking water during sieges
C) Used for religious ceremonies
D) Served as a sacrificial site

15. What was the name of the nine-gate wall built around the Acropolis during the Archaic era?

A) Erechtheion
B) Enneapylon
C) Cyclopean Wall
D) Propylaea

16. What happened to the Arkhaios Neōs during the Second Persian invasion?

A) It was destroyed
B) It was converted into a palace
C) It remained untouched
D) It was expanded

17. What was buried ceremoniously on the Acropolis after the Persian invasion?

A) Statuary, cult objects, religious offerings, and unsalvageable architectural members
B) Gold and silver treasures
C) Weapons and armor
D) Scrolls and manuscripts

18. What was the approximate height of the Acropolis hill above sea level?

A) 250 meters (820 feet)
B) 200 meters (656 feet)
C) 100 meters (328 feet)
D) 150 meters (490 feet)

19. What was the name of the gate built by Peisistratos?

A) Propylaea
B) Cyclopean Gate
C) Erechtheion
D) Enneapylon

20. What was the name of the largest water spring at the northwestern foot of the Acropolis?

A) Pnyx Fountain
B) Clepsydra
C) Agora Spring
D) Erechtheion Well

21. What was the primary material used in the construction of the Cyclopean circuit wall?

A) Large stone blocks with earth mortar called emplekton
B) Brick and lime
C) Wood and clay
D) Marble and gold

22. What was the approximate length of the Cyclopean circuit wall?

A) 1,000 meters (3,281 feet)
B) 500 meters (1,640 feet)
C) 900 meters (2,953 feet)
D) 760 meters (2,490 feet)

23. What was the name given to the temple built between 570 and 550 BC?

A) Temple of Athena Nike
B) Older Parthenon
C) Erechtheion
D) Hekatompedon

24. What was the name of the temple referred to as 'ancient temple' by the Pisistratids?

A) Arkhaios Neōs
B) Older Parthenon
C) Erechtheion
D) Temple of Athena Nike

25. What happened to the Arkhaios Neōs during 406/405 BC?

A) It was converted into a palace
B) It was burnt down
C) It was expanded
D) It remained untouched

26. What was the primary reason for revising the plan to use marble after the Battle of Marathon?

A) Victory allowed for more resources
B) Marble was found to be cheaper
C) Limestone became unavailable
D) A new architect was hired

27. What happened to the Older Parthenon during the Persian invasion in 480 BC?

A) It was burned and looted
B) It was converted into a palace
C) It was expanded
D) It remained untouched

28. What was the primary archaeological deposit excavated on the Acropolis by 1890?

A) Greek pottery
B) Persian debris
C) Mycenaean tools
D) Roman artifacts

29. Which sculptor was responsible for overseeing the reconstruction of major temples on the Acropolis?

A) Mys
B) Praxiteles
C) Phidias
D) Polygnotus

30. Who began building the Propylaea in 437 BC?

A) Phidias
B) Ictinus
C) Callicrates
D) Mnesicles

31. Which artist decorated the northern wing of the Propylaea with paintings?

A) Phidias
B) Praxiteles
C) Polygnotus
D) Mys

32. What type of columns lined the entrance to the Erechtheion?

A) Corinthian columns
B) Doric columns
C) Ionic columns
D) Composite columns

33. Which unusual architectural feature does the Erechtheion have on its southwest porch?

A) Caryatids
B) Statues of gods
C) Doric columns
D) Paintings

34. What did Athena hold in her left hand according to the statue of Athena Promachos?

A) An olive branch
B) A giant shield
C) A helmet
D) A spear

35. Who decorated Athena's shield on the statue of Athena Promachos?

A) Mys
B) Praxiteles
C) Phidias
D) Polygnotus

36. What was the goddess Artemis represented as in the Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia?

A) An owl
B) A bear
C) A swan
D) A lioness

37. Who erected monuments in front of the NW corner of the Parthenon during the Hellenistic period?

A) Augustus
B) Attalos II
C) Herodes Atticus
D) Eumenes II

38. Who built a grand amphitheater on the south slope of the Acropolis in 161 AD?

A) Augustus
B) Herodes Atticus
C) The Herulians
D) Eumenes II

39. What was the Parthenon converted into during the Ottoman period?

A) A church dedicated to the Virgin Mary
B) A mosque
C) A gunpowder magazine
D) An administrative center

40. What structure was built to protect the Klepsydra spring during the Greek War of Independence?

A) The Beulé Gate
B) The Frankopyrgos Tower
C) A sanctuary for Apollo
D) A bulwark named after Odysseas Androutsos

41. During the Latin Duchy of Athens, what was the Parthenon used as?

A) The cathedral
B) A gunpowder magazine
C) An amphitheater
D) A mosque

42. What was added to the Acropolis during the Latin Duchy of Athens and later demolished?

A) An odeon
B) The Frankopyrgos Tower
C) A minaret inside the Parthenon
D) The Beulé Gate

43. Who was responsible for constructing a stoa on the south slope similar to that of Attalos in the agora?

A) Herodes Atticus
B) The Herulians
C) Augustus
D) Eumenes II

44. What was the Erechtheum turned into during the Ottoman period?

A) A mosque with a minaret
B) An administrative center
C) The governor's private harem
D) A church dedicated to the Virgin Mary

45. What was constructed during the 3rd century to restrict entrance in front of the Propylaea?

A) A sanctuary for Apollo
B) A new tower named Frankopyrgos
C) The Beulé Gate
D) An amphitheater by Herodes Atticus

46. In what year was the Parthenon mosque demolished?

A) 1875
B) 1901
C) 1821
D) 1843

47. Who was responsible for the restoration of the Acropolis in the 19th century?

A) Leo von Klenze
B) Iktinos and Kallikrates
C) Wolf Seidl
D) Phidias

48. Where is the Acropolis Museum located in relation to the Parthenon?

A) Inside the Parthenon
B) Directly beneath the Parthenon
C) On the southern slope, 280 metres away
D) To the north of the Parthenon

49. Which structure is east of the entrance and north of the Parthenon?

A) Propylaea
B) Temple of Athena Nike
C) Odeon of Herodes Atticus
D) Erechtheum

50. What significant event did Greek Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou celebrate on the Acropolis in 1944?

A) Restoration of the Parthenon
B) Liberation from the Nazis
C) Independence of Greece
D) End of World War I

51. When did the Acropolis Restoration Project begin?

A) 1975
B) 1950
C) 1985
D) 2000

52. What is anastylosis in the context of the Acropolis restoration?

A) Using entirely new materials for reconstruction
B) Removing all existing structures
C) Restoring using reassembled original material
D) Covering old structures with modern designs

53. Which festival rivaled the Olympic Games in popularity?

A) Pythian Games
B) Delphic Games
C) Great Panathenaea
D) Olympic Festival

54. How many tons of architectural members were restored?

A) 3000 tons
B) 5000 tons
C) 2675 tons
D) 1500 tons

55. What lithostratigraphic unit is softer and reddish in color?

A) Acropolis limestone
B) Mount Pentelicus marble
C) Lykabettos rock
D) Athens schist

56. Approximately how many million years ago were the original sediments of Athens schist deposited?

A) 72 million years ago
B) 100 million years ago
C) 50 million years ago
D) 30 million years ago

57. Which period does the Acropolis limestone date from?

A) Late Jurassic period
B) Triassic period
C) Late Cretaceous period
D) Paleozoic era

58. How much older is the Acropolis limestone compared to the Athens schist?

A) About 50 million years
B) About 30 million years
C) About 72 million years
D) About 10 million years

59. What natural threat is posed by the instability of the Acropolis limestone?

A) Earthquakes
B) Landslides
C) Floods
D) Rock slides

60. Which measure has NOT been implemented to protect the Acropolis site?

A) Retaining walls
B) Drainage systems
C) Geothermal heating systems
D) Rock bolts

61. Name one of the hills in Athens formed by erosion similar to that of the Acropolis.

A) Lykabettos
B) Parnitha Mountain
C) Mount Olympus
D) Hymettus

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