 - 1. How many groups are cinnamon quills divided into in the Sri Lankan grading system?
A) Four
B) Two
C) Three
D) Five
- 2. What is the maximum diameter of Alba cinnamon quills?
A) Less than 32 mm
B) Less than 6 mm
C) Less than 19 mm
D) Less than 16 mm
- 3. What is the maximum diameter of Continental cinnamon quills?
A) Less than 19 mm
B) Less than 16 mm
C) Less than 6 mm
D) Less than 32 mm
- 4. What is the maximum diameter of Mexican cinnamon quills?
A) Less than 19 mm
B) Less than 16 mm
C) Less than 32 mm
D) Less than 6 mm
- 5. What is the maximum diameter of Hamburg cinnamon quills?
A) Less than 32 mm
B) Less than 16 mm
C) Less than 6 mm
D) Less than 19 mm
- 6. What are pieces of bark less than 106 mm long categorised as?
A) Chips
B) Quillings
C) Featherings
D) Alba
- 7. What are featherings defined as?
A) Bark of small twigs
B) Trimmings of quills
C) The inner bark of twigs and twisted shoots
D) Pieces of bark less than 106 mm long
- 8. What are chips of cinnamon?
A) Trimmings of quills, inseparable outer and inner bark, or bark of small twigs
B) The inner bark of twigs and twisted shoots
C) Quills less than 6 mm in diameter
D) Bark pieces exactly 106 mm long
- 9. What was the total world cinnamon production in tonnes in 2023?
A) 238,403
B) 98,000
C) 123,403
D) 348,203
- 10. Which of the following countries was among the top four cinnamon producers in 2023?
A) Brazil
B) Thailand
C) China
D) India
- 11. Which country, alongside China, Vietnam, and Indonesia, was a top cinnamon producer in 2023?
A) Malaysia
B) Japan
C) Sri Lanka
D) Mexico
- 12. True cinnamon from C. verum bark can be mixed with what counterfeit substance?
A) Cardamom
B) Cassia
C) Coumarin
D) Star anise
- 13. What phenolic is typically low in content in true cinnamon but high in counterfeit samples?
A) Cassia
B) Cinnamaldehyde
C) Coumarin
D) Eugenol
- 14. What was the coumarin content range found in authentic Ceylon cinnamon bark in one analysis?
A) 3462 mg/kg
B) 12–143 mg/kg
C) 500–1000 mg/kg
D) 1–10 mg/kg
- 15. What was the highest level of coumarin found in market samples of counterfeit cinnamon?
A) 3462 mg/kg
B) 12 mg/kg
C) 50 mg/kg
D) 143 mg/kg
- 16. Which organization found that a supplement containing the highest amount of coumarin was labeled as Ceylon cinnamon in 2020?
A) USDA
B) FDA
C) ConsumerLab.com
D) WHO
- 17. In the preparation of which food is cinnamon especially employed in Mexico?
A) Chocolate
B) Bread
C) Soup
D) Cereal
- 18. Cinnamon is often used in savoury dishes featuring which meats?
A) Beef and pork
B) Fish and beef
C) Chicken and lamb
D) Pork and turkey
- 19. In the United States and Europe, cinnamon and sugar are often used to flavour fruits, especially which fruit?
A) Oranges
B) Bananas
C) Pears
D) Apples
- 20. Which cuisines use cinnamon for both sweet and savoury dishes?
A) French and Italian
B) Chinese and Japanese
C) Portuguese and Turkish
D) Mexican and American
- 21. In which culinary process involving preservation is cinnamon used?
A) Pickling
B) Fermenting
C) Smoking
D) Curing
- 22. Which Christmas drinks often contain cinnamon?
A) Hot chocolate and cider
B) Punch and beer
C) Eggnog and mulled wine
D) Tea and coffee
- 23. In Persian cuisine, cinnamon powder enhances the flavour of thick soups, sweets, and what else?
A) Seafood
B) Bread
C) Salads
D) Drinks
- 24. In Sephardic cooking, cinnamon is incorporated into vegetable stews and desserts soaked in what?
A) Syrup
B) Caramel
C) Honey
D) Milk
- 25. Which Sephardic desserts are mentioned as incorporating cinnamon and being soaked in honey?
A) Baklava and halva
B) Churros and flan
C) Tishpishti and travados
D) Honey cakes and kugels
- 26. In Ashkenazi cuisine, cinnamon features in dishes like kugels and what else?
A) Tishpishti
B) Honey cakes
C) Travados
D) Chocolate
- 27. Aside from cinnamon, which spice is one of the 'four sibling spices' in Malay cuisine?
A) Ginger
B) Vanilla
C) Nutmeg
D) Clove
- 28. Which spice, along with cinnamon, clove, and cardamom, is part of Malay cuisine's 'four sibling spices'?
A) Cumin
B) Star anise
C) Black pepper
D) Coriander
- 29. Which species is also known as Indonesian cinnamon?
A) Cinnamomum citriodorum
B) Cinnamomum burmanni
C) Cinnamomum verum
D) Cinnamomum loureiroi
- 30. What is another name for Cinnamomum loureiroi?
A) Malabar cinnamon
B) Ceylon cinnamon
C) Korintje
D) Saigon cinnamon
- 31. Which species is known as Sri Lanka cinnamon?
A) Cinnamomum cassia
B) Cinnamomum verum
C) Cinnamomum loureiroi
D) Cinnamomum burmanni
- 32. What is the scientific name for Malabar cinnamon?
A) Cinnamomum burmanni
B) Cinnamomum cassia
C) Cinnamomum citriodorum
D) Cinnamomum zeylanicum
- 33. What colour is Chinese cinnamon generally?
A) Medium to light reddish-brown
B) Bright yellow
C) Pure white
D) Dark blackish-brown
- 34. What colour is Ceylon cinnamon?
A) Orange-red
B) Lighter brown
C) Greenish-brown
D) Dark reddish-brown
- 35. Which type of cinnamon loses much of its flavour during cooking?
A) Saigon cinnamon
B) Chinese cinnamon
C) Indonesian cinnamon
D) Ceylon cinnamon
- 36. Which cinnamon sticks have many thin layers?
A) Saigon cinnamon sticks
B) Indonesian cinnamon sticks
C) Chinese cinnamon sticks
D) Ceylon cinnamon sticks
- 37. Which cinnamon can damage a spice or coffee grinder?
A) Indonesian cinnamon
B) Cinnamomum verum
C) Malabar cinnamon
D) Ceylon cinnamon
- 38. What happens when pure Ceylon cinnamon is treated with tincture of iodine?
A) It turns bright red
B) It bubbles vigorously
C) A deep-blue tint is produced
D) Little effect is visible
- 39. What happens when Chinese cinnamon is treated with tincture of iodine?
A) Nothing happens
B) It turns bright orange
C) It dissolves completely
D) A deep-blue tint is produced
- 40. What was the name of the cinnamon-based sauce common in Western Europe during the Middle Ages?
A) Romesco sauce
B) Garum sauce
C) Bechamel sauce
D) Cameline sauce
- 41. What body of water did Europeans learn cinnamon came up according to Latin writers and Herodotus?
A) The Caspian Sea
B) The Red Sea
C) The Black Sea
D) The Mediterranean Sea
- 42. Who accompanied King Louis IX of France to Egypt on the Seventh Crusade in 1248?
A) Maimonides
B) Marco Polo
C) John of Montecorvino
D) Sieur de Joinville
- 43. Which traveler avoided precision regarding the topic of where cinnamon came from?
A) Sieur de Joinville
B) John of Montecorvino
C) Zakariya al-Qazwini
D) Marco Polo
- 44. Who made the first mention that cinnamon grew in the area of India, around 1180?
A) Zakariya al-Qazwini
B) John of Montecorvino
C) Herodotus
D) Maimonides
- 45. In which work did Maimonides first mention that the spice grew in the area of India?
A) Athar al-bilad wa-akhbar al-'ibad
B) Monument of Places
C) The Travels
D) Mishneh Torah
- 46. Who first mentioned that cinnamon grew specifically in Sri Lanka?
A) Louis IX
B) Zakariya al-Qazwini
C) Maimonides
D) Sieur de Joinville
- 47. What is the title of Zakariya al-Qazwini's work that mentioned Sri Lanka as the source of cinnamon?
A) The Seven Crusades
B) Histories
C) Mishneh Torah
D) Athar al-bilad wa-akhbar al-'ibad
- 48. What type of watercraft did Indonesians use to transport cinnamon directly from the Moluccas?
A) Longships
B) Galleys
C) Caravels
D) Rafts
- 49. From where did Indonesian rafts transport cinnamon directly to East Africa?
A) Egypt
B) India
C) Sri Lanka
D) The Moluccas
- 50. Where did local traders carry cinnamon after it arrived in East Africa from the Moluccas?
A) Alexandria
B) Constantinople
C) Rome
D) Venice
- 51. Which merchants held a monopoly on the spice trade in Europe, distributing cinnamon from Alexandria?
A) Egyptian traders
B) French traders
C) Venetian traders
D) Indonesian traders
- 52. What is the principal component of cinnamon's essential oil?
A) Canel
B) Cinnamaldehyde
C) Eugenol
D) Kannella
- 53. What percentage of the world cinnamon production did the leading country produce in 2023?
A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 39%
D) 50%
- 54. To which family do all cinnamon-producing trees belong?
A) Cannabaceae
B) Fabaceae
C) Lauraceae
D) Cinnamomum
- 55. In what century did the English word 'cinnamon' first appear in English texts?
A) 7th century BC
B) 15th century
C) 14th century
D) 16th century
- 56. From which ancient language did the English word 'cinnamon' ultimately derive its root via Greek and Latin?
A) Arabic
B) Sanskrit
C) Old English
D) Phoenician
- 57. What does the Latin word 'cannella' mean?
A) Bark
B) Spice
C) Sweet
D) Tube
- 58. Around what year was cinnamon first imported to Egypt?
A) 1310 AD
B) 301 AD
C) 2000 BC
D) 65 AD
- 59. What was the name of the aromatic used for burning in Ancient Egypt that included cinnamon and cassia?
A) Kyphi
B) Myrrh
C) Canel
D) Labdanum
- 60. Who wrote the first Greek reference to kasía in the 7th century BC?
A) Herodotus
B) Sappho
C) Aristotle
D) Pliny the Elder
- 61. According to Herodotus, what creatures guarded cinnamon and cassia?
A) Cinnamon birds
B) Winged serpents
C) Giant scorpions
D) Dragons
- 62. Which author exposed the tales of cinnamon birds as a traders' fiction?
A) Pliny the Elder
B) Sappho
C) Herodotus
D) Aristotle
- 63. Which Roman Emperor reportedly burned a year's supply of cinnamon at his wife's funeral?
A) Pliny
B) Nero
C) Diocletian
D) Augustus
- 64. What was the name of the Roman Emperor whose wife's funeral featured the burning of cinnamon?
A) Cleopatra
B) Agrippina
C) Livia
D) Poppaea Sabina
- 65. In what year did Nero burn cinnamon at his wife's funeral?
A) AD 65
B) 301 AD
C) 1310 AD
D) 2000 BC
- 66. What was the price of a pound of cassia listed in Diocletian's Edict on Maximum Prices from 301 AD?
A) 125 denarii
B) 1,500 denarii
C) 327 denarii
D) 25 denarii
- 67. How much did an agricultural labourer earn per day according to Diocletian's Edict?
A) 25 denarii
B) 1,500 denarii
C) 125 denarii
D) 50 denarii
- 68. What is the weight equivalent of a Roman pound mentioned in the text?
A) 100 grams
B) 500 grams
C) 327 grams
D) 1000 grams
- 69. What is the imperial weight equivalent of a Roman pound given in the text?
A) 12 oz
B) 16 oz
C) 11.5 oz
D) 8 oz
- 70. Which constituent is mentioned alongside cinnamaldehyde as contributing to cinnamon's aroma?
A) Kyphi
B) Cannella
C) Eugenol
D) Canel
- 71. Which historical region was falsely cited by ancient authors as the source where cinnamon grew?
A) Rome
B) Egypt
C) Arabia
D) Greece
- 72. During the 1500s, which explorer searched for spices on behalf of Spain?
A) A Dutch captain
B) Vasco da Gama
C) Ferdinand Magellan
D) Lord Brown
- 73. In what year did Dutch traders establish a trading post in Sri Lanka?
A) 1796
B) 1767
C) 1638
D) 1500
- 74. By what year did the Dutch take control of the cinnamon manufactories in Sri Lanka?
A) 1640
B) 1638
C) 1658
D) 1796
- 75. When were the remaining Portuguese expelled from Sri Lanka by the Dutch?
A) 1767
B) 1500
C) 1658
D) 1640
- 76. How far out to sea could the smell of cinnamon be detected according to a Dutch captain?
A) Five leagues
B) Ten leagues
C) Eight leagues
D) Two leagues
- 77. Which company eventually began to cultivate its own cinnamon trees in Sri Lanka?
A) The Philippine Trading Company
B) The Dutch East India Company
C) The Spanish Royal Navy
D) The British East India Company
- 78. In which Indian district is the Anjarakkandy Cinnamon Estate located?
A) Colombo district
B) Tokyo district
C) Kannur district
D) Manila district
- 79. In what year was the Anjarakkandy Cinnamon Estate established?
A) 1500
B) 1767
C) 1638
D) 1796
- 80. When did the British seize control of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) from the Dutch?
A) 1796
B) 1767
C) 1640
D) 1658
- 81. What type of tree is cinnamon?
A) A coniferous tree
B) An evergreen tree
C) A deciduous tree
D) A palm tree
- 82. What shape are the leaves of a cinnamon tree?
A) Needle-shaped
B) Star-shaped
C) Oval-shaped
D) Heart-shaped
- 83. What kind of fruit does the cinnamon tree produce?
A) A citrus fruit
B) A nut fruit
C) A berry fruit
D) A pod fruit
- 84. In Japan, what part of the cinnamon plant is harvested to produce nikki?
A) The roots
B) The berry fruit
C) The leaves
D) The outer bark
- 85. What is the Japanese product distinct from cinnamon that is made from roots?
A) Quill
B) Nikki
C) Coppice
D) Stripe canker
- 86. What is the Japanese name for cinnamon?
A) Mindanaense
B) Nikki
C) Zeylanicum
D) Shinamon
- 87. What does coppicing a cinnamon tree involve?
A) Stripping the leaves off the branches
B) Pulling the tree up by its roots
C) Cutting the stems at ground level
D) Pruning the top canopy
- 88. About how many new shoots form from the roots the year after coppicing?
A) Only one or two
B) Exactly five
C) Around fifty
D) About a dozen
- 89. Which of the following is a pest that can affect growing cinnamon plants?
A) Sulfur dioxide
B) Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
C) Nikki
D) Cinnamomum zeylanicum
- 90. What disease does Phytophthora cinnamomi cause in cinnamon plants?
A) Stripe canker
B) Leaf curl
C) Bark rot
D) Root rot
- 91. How is the outer bark removed from the cut cinnamon stems?
A) By scraping it off
B) By freezing it
C) By burning it off
D) By soaking it in water
- 92. After scraping the outer bark, how is the inner bark loosened?
A) By twisting the branch forcefully
B) By beating the branch evenly with a hammer
C) By pressing it in a heavy machine
D) By peeling it with bare hands
- 93. What treatment may be required if pests proliferate in the drying cinnamon bark?
A) Exposure to ultraviolet light
B) Coppicing the dried bark
C) Fumigation with sulphur dioxide
D) Washing with salt water
- 94. In what year did the European Union approve the use of sulphur dioxide for C. verum bark?
A) 1796
B) 1767
C) 1638
D) 2011
- 95. Which of the following is listed as a Diplodia species that can affect growing cinnamon plants?
A) Diplodia mindanaense
B) Diplodia quillus
C) Diplodia species
D) Diplodia zeylanicum
- 96. What percentage of ground cinnamon consists of carbohydrates?
A) 53%
B) 81%
C) 1%
D) 11%
- 97. How much dietary fibre is included in the carbohydrates of ground cinnamon?
A) 53%
B) 81%
C) 11%
D) 4%
- 98. What percentage of fat is present in ground cinnamon?
A) 4%
B) 11%
C) 1%
D) 81%
- 99. What liquid is used to macerate cinnamon bark when creating a tincture?
A) Water
B) Polysorbate 80
C) Sea water
D) 80% ethanol
- 100. What color is cinnamon essential oil?
A) Clear
B) Golden-yellow
C) Reddish
D) Dark brown
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