Negative-strand RNA virus - Quiz
Negative strand RNA virus
  • 1. Which arthropod-transmitted virus is mentioned in the text?
A) Rinderpest virus
B) Measles virus
C) Rift Valley fever virus
D) Rabies virus
  • 2. Which animal is a common vector for the Lassa fever virus?
A) Rodents
B) Mosquitoes
C) Bats
D) Birds
  • 3. Which of these is a human-specific negative-strand RNA virus?
A) Mumps virus
B) Ebola virus
C) Rift Valley fever virus
D) Hantavirus
  • 4. What kind of animals are commonly affected by influenza viruses?
A) Insects and reptiles
B) Fish and amphibians
C) Birds and mammals
D) Only rodents
  • 5. In what year was the vesicular stomatitis virus first isolated?
A) 1925
B) 1950
C) 2000
D) 2018
  • 6. Why was the discovery of the vesicular stomatitis virus unique at the time?
A) It was the first virus ever studied
B) It was a DNA virus
C) It was a negative sense RNA virus
D) It was not transmissible to humans
  • 7. Which disease became the second to be eradicated in the early 21st century?
A) Measles
B) Rinderpest
C) Rabies
D) Influenza
  • 8. What type of virus caused smallpox, the first disease to be eradicated?
A) Retrovirus
B) DNA virus
C) Negative-strand RNA virus
D) Positive-strand RNA virus
  • 9. What method has become common in the 21st century to identify viruses in the environment?
A) Antibody titration
B) Cell culture isolation
C) Viral metagenomics
D) Microscopic imaging
  • 10. Phylogenetic analysis of which enzyme showed that negative-strand RNA viruses share a common ancestor?
A) DNA polymerase
B) Protease
C) Reverse transcriptase
D) RdRp
  • 11. In which year was the phylum Negarnaviricota established?
A) 1925
B) 1999
C) 2018
D) 2005
  • 12. Which of the following viruses is transmitted by bats?
A) Rinderpest virus
B) Lassa fever virus
C) Tomato spotted wilt virus
D) Rabies virus
  • 13. Which realm were negative-strand RNA viruses placed into after the establishment of Negarnaviricota?
A) Viridae
B) Mononegavirales
C) Negarnavirales
D) Riboviria
  • 14. What is the primary vector for the tomato spotted wilt virus mentioned in the text?
A) Rodents
B) Bats
C) Birds
D) Arthropods
  • 15. The Ebola virus is known to be transmitted by which vertebrate group?
A) Bats
B) Insects
C) Rodents
D) Birds
  • 16. What is the primary function of the viral enzyme RdRp in negative-strand RNA viruses?
A) Forming the viral envelope
B) Translating proteins from the host genome
C) Encasing the viral capsid
D) Synthesizing mRNA from the genome
  • 17. Which phylum do negative-strand RNA viruses belong to?
A) Riboviria
B) Orthornavirae
C) Negarnaviricota
D) Haploviricotina
  • 18. What is the main characteristic of the subphylum Haploviricotina?
A) Mostly non-segmented genomes
B) Ability to snatch caps from host mRNA
C) Lack of an RdRp enzyme
D) Primarily segmented genomes
  • 19. What mechanism does the RdRp of Polyploviricotina use for mRNA production?
A) Snatching caps from host mRNAs
B) Replicating without mRNA synthesis
C) Synthesizing caps on mRNA
D) Translating DNA directly
  • 20. What is the Greek origin of the prefix 'Haplo' in Haploviricotina?
A) Simple
B) Complex
C) Segmented
D) Double
  • 21. What does 'Polyplo' mean in the name Polyploviricotina?
A) Circular
B) Linear
C) Complex
D) Simple
  • 22. What is the name of the template used by RdRp to create genomic negative-sense RNA?
A) Positive-sense mRNA
B) Positive-sense antigenome
C) Double-stranded DNA
D) Host messenger RNA
  • 23. What is a characteristic of almost all negative-strand RNA virus genomes?
A) Exclusively non-segmented
B) Linear
C) Double-stranded
D) Circular
  • 24. What are the palindromic nucleotide sequences at the ends of all negative-strand RNA genomes called?
A) Segmented ends
B) Host-derived caps
C) Terminal inverted repeats
D) RNA replicase sites
  • 25. Where does RdRp bind to initiate replication of the −ssRNA genome?
A) Leader sequence on the 3'-end
B) Poly(A) tail
C) Trailer sequence on the 5'-end
D) Gene end signal
  • 26. What is synthesized at the 3'-end of the mRNA to finish transcription?
A) Leader sequence
B) 5'-end triphosphate
C) Polyadenylated tail
D) Hairpin loop
  • 27. How is the poly(A) tail constructed by RdRp?
A) Copying from the genome trailer
B) Binding to the 5'-end
C) Stuttering on a sequence of uracils
D) Snatching from host RNA
  • 28. What structure stops transcription in ambisense viruses?
A) 5'-end cap
B) Leader sequence
C) Poly(A) tail
D) Hairpin loop structure
  • 29. Which motif is found in the N-terminal lobe of the capsid proteins?
A) 5-H motif
B) N-terminal envelope motif
C) 3-H motif
D) 5-A motif
  • 30. Which family of −ssRNA viruses lacks an outer viral envelope?
A) Aspiviridae
B) Polyploviricotina
C) Haploviricotina
D) Riboviria
  • 31. What are possible shapes of a −ssRNA virion?
A) Filamentous, pleomorphic, spherical, or tubular
B) Cubic, pyramidal, or hexagonal
C) Only pleomorphic and tubular
D) Only filamentous and spherical
  • 32. When is the viral genome encapsidated?
A) As new nucleotide sequences are synthesized
B) After the mRNA is released
C) Only during the transcription of mRNA
D) Before RdRp binds the leader sequence
  • 33. What is the maximum number of segments found in −ssRNA virus genomes mentioned in the text?
A) Five
B) Ten
C) One
D) Twelve
  • 34. Which subphylum is characterized by universal genome segmentation?
A) Negarnaviricota
B) Polyploviricotina
C) Mononegavirales
D) Haploviricotina
  • 35. Which viruses are identified as the likely sister clade of −ssRNA viruses?
A) Coronaviruses
B) Reoviruses
C) Adenoviruses
D) Retroviruses
  • 36. To which kingdom does the phylum Negarnaviricota belong?
A) Pararnavirae
B) Haploviricotina
C) Orthornavirae
D) Riboviria
  • 37. Which Baltimore classification group contains −ssRNA viruses?
A) Group VI
B) Group IV
C) Group III
D) Group V
  • 38. How many total classes are contained within the two subphyla of Negarnaviricota?
A) Eight
B) Ten
C) Six
D) Four
  • 39. Which subphylum typically has nonsegmented genomes?
A) Bunyaviricetes
B) Insthoviricetes
C) Polyploviricotina
D) Haploviricotina
  • 40. Which class contains the order Muvirales?
A) Chunquiviricetes
B) Monjiviricetes
C) Milneviricetes
D) Yunchangviricetes
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