 - 1. The Bengal tiger is a population of which subspecies?
A) Panthera onca onca
B) Panthera tigris sondaica
C) Panthera leo leo
D) Panthera tigris tigris
- 2. Which of the following countries is NOT listed as part of the Bengal tiger's distribution?
A) Bangladesh
B) Nepal
C) Bhutan
D) Pakistan
- 3. Until what time period did the historical range of the Bengal tiger extend to the Indus Basin?
A) Early 19th century
B) Late 20th century
C) Late 18th century
D) Early 17th century
- 4. When is the Bengal tiger thought to have been present in the Indian subcontinent?
A) Early Holocene about 5,000 years ago
B) Late Pleistocene about 12,000 to 16,500 years ago
C) Pliocene about 5 million years ago
D) Middle Miocene about 2 million years ago
- 5. What are the main threats to the Bengal tiger?
A) Introduction of invasive plant species
B) Poaching, habitat loss and habitat fragmentation
C) Competition with lions and leopards
D) Climate change and volcanic eruptions
- 6. What was the estimated Bengal tiger population in India as of 2022?
A) 3,167–3,682 individuals
B) 316–355 individuals
C) Around 125 individuals
D) 131 individuals
- 7. Which countries recognize the Bengal tiger as their national animal?
A) Nepal and Bhutan
B) India and Bangladesh
C) India and Nepal
D) Bhutan and Bangladesh
- 8. Who used the scientific name Felis tigris for the tiger in 1758?
A) Carl Linnaeus
B) Alfred Russel Wallace
C) Charles Darwin
D) Reginald Innes Pocock
- 9. Who subordinated the tiger to the genus Panthera in 1929?
A) George Schaller
B) Carl Linnaeus
C) Ernst Mayr
D) Reginald Innes Pocock
- 10. What is considered the traditional type locality of the species and the nominate subspecies?
A) Sumatra
B) Bengal
C) Caspian
D) Siberia
- 11. In what year was the validity of several tiger subspecies in continental Asia questioned?
A) 1929
B) 1758
C) 1999
D) 2017
- 12. How many valid tiger subspecies were proposed to be recognized in the 1999 revision based on morphology and gene flow?
A) Nine
B) Six
C) Two
D) Four
- 13. Which subspecies name was proposed to represent all continental Asia tigers in 1999?
A) P. t. altaica
B) P. t. sondaica
C) P. t. balica
D) P. t. tigris
- 14. The northern clade of the nominate subspecies comprises which tiger populations?
A) Siberian and Caspian
B) Bengal and Sumatran
C) South China and Indochinese
D) Javan and Bali
- 15. In what year did the revision of felid taxonomy subsume all continental Asian tiger populations into P. t. tigris?
A) 1929
B) 1758
C) 1999
D) 2017
- 16. How many tiger samples were used in the genetic analysis that showed Bengal tiger samples grouped into a different clade than Siberian tigers?
A) 32
B) 42
C) 14
D) 12
- 17. By how many mitochondrial nucleotide sites is the Bengal tiger defined?
A) Thirty-two
B) Three
C) Twelve
D) Twenty-one
- 18. How many unique microsatellite alleles define the Bengal tiger?
A) 3
B) 32
C) 29
D) 12
- 19. Which country lacked tigers due to being separated from the Indian subcontinent by rising sea levels in the early Holocene?
A) Bhutan
B) Sri Lanka
C) Bangladesh
D) Nepal
- 20. What color is the Bengal tiger's coat?
A) Pure white
B) Pale golden
C) Dark brown to black
D) Yellow to light orange
- 21. What color are the stripes of a typical Bengal tiger?
A) Red-brown
B) White
C) Grey to silver
D) Dark brown to black
- 22. What color is the belly and interior parts of the Bengal tiger's limbs?
A) White
B) Yellow
C) Light orange
D) Black
- 23. What color is the Bengal tiger's tail?
A) Orange with black rings
B) Yellow with white tip
C) White with brown spots
D) Solid black
- 24. The white tiger is what kind of genetic occurrence?
A) A true albino specimen
B) A dominant hybrid
C) A result of albinism
D) A recessive mutant
- 25. In which Indian region was the white tiger especially reported?
A) The former State of Rewa
B) Mussoorie
C) Chittagong
D) Kumaon District
- 26. How many fully authenticated cases of a true albino tiger are known?
A) One
B) Zero
C) Two
D) Fourteen
- 27. How many stripes do the fourteen Bengal tiger skins in the Natural History Museum, London have?
A) 21–29
B) 5–10
C) 30–40
D) 12–15
- 28. What is the golden tiger characterized by?
A) Black fur with golden rings
B) Dark brown fur with yellow spots
C) Pure white fur with black stripes
D) Pale golden fur with red-brown stripes
- 29. What is the head-to-body length of male Bengal tigers in Panna Tiger Reserve?
A) 164–193 cm
B) 130–170 cm
C) 283–311 cm
D) 183–211 cm
- 30. What is the head-to-body length of female Bengal tigers in Panna Tiger Reserve?
A) 164–193 cm
B) 183–211 cm
C) 110–180 cm
D) 255–285 cm
- 31. What is the typical tail length range for Bengal tigers mentioned in the Panna Tiger Reserve data?
A) 33–43 cm
B) 50–70 cm
C) 120–140 cm
D) 85–110 cm
- 32. What is the typical shoulder height range for Bengal tigers?
A) 70–85 cm
B) 50–65 cm
C) 120–140 cm
D) 90–110 cm
- 33. How much do subadult male Bengal tigers weigh?
A) 80 and 100 kg
B) 110 and 180 kg
C) 130 and 170 kg
D) 200 and 260 kg
- 34. How much do adult male Bengal tigers generally weigh?
A) 110–180 kg
B) 200–260 kg
C) 130–170 kg
D) 80–100 kg
- 35. How much do subadult female Bengal tigers weigh?
A) 110–180 kg
B) 130–170 kg
C) 80–100 kg
D) 200–260 kg
- 36. How much do adult female Bengal tigers weigh?
A) 200 and 260 kg
B) 300 and 350 kg
C) 110 and 180 kg
D) 80 and 100 kg
- 37. What was the average weight of 42 adult male Bengal tigers in central India?
A) 132 kg
B) 190 kg
C) 76.7 kg
D) 235 kg
- 38. What was the average shoulder height of adult male Bengal tigers in central India?
A) 110 cm
B) 85 cm
C) 120 cm
D) 99 cm
- 39. What was the average weight of 39 adult female Bengal tigers in central India?
A) 76.7 kg
B) 140 kg
C) 190 kg
D) 132 kg
- 40. What was the maximum weight recorded for the adult female Bengal tigers in central India?
A) 200 kg
B) 180 kg
C) 132 kg
D) 156 kg
- 41. Adult male Bengal tigers in the Terai consistently attain more than what body weight?
A) 150 kg
B) 190 kg
C) 227 kg
D) 300 kg
- 42. What was the average weight of seven adult males captured in Chitwan National Park in the early 1970s?
A) 190 kg
B) 140 kg
C) 235 kg
D) 270 kg
- 43. What was the average weight of females captured in Chitwan National Park in the early 1970s?
A) 140 kg
B) 235 kg
C) 76.7 kg
D) 190 kg
- 44. Which national park housed two male tigers in the 1980s that exceeded weights of 270 kg?
A) Chitwan National Park
B) Sundarbans
C) Panna Tiger Reserve
D) Jim Corbett National Park
- 45. Where are the smallest recorded weights for Bengal tigers found?
A) Nepal Terai
B) Central India
C) Bangladesh Sundarbans
D) Assam
- 46. How much do adult female Bengal tigers weigh in the Bangladesh Sundarbans?
A) 75–80 kg
B) 130–170 kg
C) 200–260 kg
D) 110–180 kg
- 47. What was the mean weight of three tigresses from the Bangladesh Sundarbans?
A) 140 kg
B) 190 kg
C) 76.7 kg
D) 132 kg
- 48. What factor likely contributes to the small size of Bengal tigers in the Sundarbans?
A) Lack of water and extreme cold weather
B) Intense intraspecific competition and small size of prey
C) Excessive human interaction and poaching
D) Abundance of very large prey animals
- 49. What was the body length of the very large 'Leeds Tiger' at death?
A) 371 cm
B) 323 cm
C) 221 cm
D) 282 cm
- 50. Near which location was the 'Leeds Tiger' shot in 1860?
A) Chittagong
B) Nagina
C) Rewa
D) Mussoorie
- 51. What was the greatest length of a tiger skull measured 'over the bone'?
A) 41.3 cm
B) 29.3 cm
C) 35.1 cm
D) 50.0 cm
- 52. Near which location in northern India was the tiger with the greatest skull length shot?
A) Nagina
B) Oude
C) Kumaon District
D) Mussoorie
- 53. What was the estimated weight of the male tiger shot in central India in the beginning of the 20th century?
A) About 132 kg
B) About 190 kg
C) About 388.7 kg
D) About 272 kg
- 54. How much did the male tiger shot in Nepal weigh when measured 'over the curves'?
A) 272 kg
B) 320 kg
C) 235 kg
D) 388.7 kg
- 55. How much did the heaviest recorded wild Bengal tiger weigh after eating a buffalo calf?
A) 320 kg
B) 270 kg
C) 388.7 kg
D) 190 kg
- 56. In what year was the heaviest wild Bengal tiger killed in the foothills of the Himalayas?
A) 1967
B) 1860
C) 1980
D) 1758
- 57. What is the maximum greatest skull length of a male tiger?
A) 413 mm
B) 351 mm
C) 200 mm
D) 293 mm
- 58. What is the maximum greatest skull length of a female tiger?
A) 156 mm
B) 351 mm
C) 413 mm
D) 293 mm
- 59. How long are the canines of a Bengal tiger, which are the longest among all cats?
A) 10 to 15 cm
B) 2.0 to 4.0 cm
C) 3.0 to 5.0 cm
D) 7.5 to 10 cm
- 60. In what year was a sub-fossil right middle phalanx of a tiger found near Kuruwita in Sri Lanka?
A) 1975
B) 1906
C) 1990
D) 1982
- 61. When did tigers appear to have arrived in Sri Lanka?
A) During an interglacial period
B) During a severe drought
C) During a pluvial period
D) During the industrial era
- 62. How many samples from tigers across the global range were used in the phylogeographic study mentioned in the text?
A) 100
B) 150
C) 200
D) 134
- 63. The historical northeastern distribution limit of the Bengal tiger borders the historical range of which other tiger?
A) Indochinese tiger
B) Siberian tiger
C) Sumatran tiger
D) Caspian tiger
- 64. Which of the following forest types is inhabited by Bengal tigers in the Indian subcontinent?
A) Tropical moist evergreen forests
B) Mediterranean sclerophyll forests
C) Tundra shrublands
D) Boreal coniferous forests
- 65. What has the alluvial grassland habitat largely been converted into?
A) Urban settlements
B) Mining sites
C) Industrial complexes
D) Agricultural land
- 66. What was the last stronghold of the tiger in Pakistan by the late 19th century?
A) Khairpur
B) Bahawalpur
C) Lahore
D) Islamabad
- 67. In what year were the last individual tigers shot in Bahawalpur in the Indus Riverine jungles?
A) 1857
B) 1906
C) 1982
D) 1912
- 68. Where were the last individual tigers shot in Pakistan's Indus Riverine jungles in 1906?
A) Karachi
B) Peshawar
C) Bahawalpur
D) Khairpur
- 69. What method of Indian tiger censuses in the 20th century relied on individual identification of footprints?
A) Pug marks
B) Audio recordings
C) Camera traps
D) Satellite tracking
- 70. How many landscape complexes were surveyed across India during the 2008 census?
A) Seven
B) Four
C) Six
D) Five
- 71. In what year was a tiger recorded in Sahyadri Tiger Reserve for the first time in eight years?
A) 2014
B) 2016
C) 2019
D) 2018
- 72. Where was a tiger sighted in February 2019 that was later found dead?
A) Sundarbans National Park
B) Lunavada area in Mahisagar district
C) Kanha National Park
D) Corbett Tiger Reserve
- 73. What did officials assume was the likely cause of death of the tiger sighted in Gujarat's Lunavada area in 2019?
A) Vehicle collision
B) Starvation
C) Poaching
D) Drowning
- 74. In which state were tigers recorded by camera traps in Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary in May 2019?
A) Goa
B) Gujarat
C) Odisha
D) Kerala
- 75. What type of forest is inhabited by the tigers in the Sundarbans?
A) Deciduous forest
B) Mangrove forest
C) Temperate forest
D) Tropical evergreen forest
- 76. Which forest in southeastern Gujarat is noted as potential tiger habitat?
A) The Dangs' Forest
B) Gir Forest
C) Wayanad Forest
D) Nilgiri Forest
- 77. What technology is now being used in many sites instead of pug marks for tiger censuses?
A) DNA hair snags
B) Radar tracking
C) Camera traps
D) Thermal imaging drones
- 78. What is the status of the tiger population in the Chittagong forest?
A) Unknown status
B) Extinct
C) Thriving and growing
D) Well-documented
- 79. How do tigers move between islands in the Sundarbans delta to hunt prey?
A) Using land bridges
B) Riding on floating logs
C) Wading in shallow water
D) Swimming
- 80. What is Bangladesh's Forest Department doing to raise mangrove plantations?
A) Providing shelter for tigers
B) Creating tourist walking paths
C) Preventing fishermen from entering
D) Supplying forage for spotted deer
- 81. Since what year has afforestation continued on a small scale in the Sundarbans?
A) 2017
B) 2007
C) 2004
D) 2001
- 82. What approximate carrying capacity of adult females is indicated by their small home ranges?
A) 150 adult females
B) 1,000 adult females
C) 500 adult females
D) 50 adult females
- 83. Which organization has carried out tiger monitoring surveys every year in the Bangladesh Sundarbans since 2007?
A) WildTeam
B) International Tiger Coalition
C) Bangladesh Forest Department
D) World Wildlife Fund
- 84. What technology was used to record female home ranges and indicate high tiger density?
A) Radio frequency identification tags
B) Camera traps
C) Global Positioning System collars
D) Satellite imagery
- 85. Which aspect of Sundarbans tiger ecology has most studies focused on?
A) Genetics and disease
B) Life history characteristics
C) Taxonomy and spatial dynamics
D) Tiger-human conflict
- 86. What climate change-related phenomenon is projected to cause severe habitat loss for tigers?
A) Melting mountain glaciers
B) A rising sea-level
C) Increasing desertification
D) Frequent volcanic activity
- 87. What percentage of suitable tiger habitat is projected to be lost by 2050 due to climate change?
A) Around 50%
B) Around 25%
C) 100%
D) Around 75%
- 88. By what year is 100% of suitable tiger habitat projected to be lost due to a rising sea-level?
A) 2100
B) 2050
C) 2030
D) 2070
- 89. Which reserve harbours the smallest tiger population in Nepal?
A) Bardiya National Park
B) Chitwan National Park
C) Parsa National Park
D) Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve
- 90. What was Nepal's tiger population estimated to be during the 2017-2018 survey?
A) 316–355 tigers
B) 220–274 tigers
C) 163–235 tigers
D) 103 tigers
- 91. In how many of Bhutan's 18 districts have tigers been documented?
A) 5 districts
B) All 18 districts
C) 10 districts
D) 17 districts
- 92. What was the survey area size when Bhutan's tiger population was estimated at 89 to 124 individuals by 2015?
A) 28,225 km2
B) 10,000 km2
C) 4,841 km2
D) 2,543 km2
- 93. How did the tiger likely reach northeastern Bhutan in 2017?
A) It probably used a wildlife corridor
B) It was relocated by conservationists
C) It migrated from China
D) It swam across the Kulong River
- 94. In which Chinese autonomous region was the presence of the Bengal tiger investigated in 1995?
A) Guangxi Autonomous Region
B) Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
C) Tibet Autonomous Region
D) Xinjiang Autonomous Region
- 95. How do adult tigers normally spend their lives?
A) Living in large family packs
B) Forming lifelong monogamous pairs
C) Leading solitary lives, hunting individually
D) Traveling in nomadic groups
- 96. How do the home ranges of adult male residents tend to be structured relative to each other?
A) Mutually exclusive
B) Randomly intersecting
C) Completely overlapping
D) Shared equally among all males
- 97. What areas within a female's home range tend to be more exclusive?
A) Migratory corridors
B) Core areas
C) Waterhole zones
D) Peripheral areas
- 98. What was the fate of five litters of cubs in the Chitwan study area?
A) They were adopted by new resident males
B) They died from starvation due to lack of prey
C) They were killed by infanticide
D) They successfully dispersed at 19 months of age
- 99. What is the primary dietary classification of the Bengal tiger?
A) Herbivore
B) Omnivore
C) Carnivore
D) Insectivore
- 100. Which of the following is considered a large ungulate preferred by the Bengal tiger?
A) Hare
B) Wild boar
C) Gaur
D) Porcupine
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