- 1. Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as a whole, with a focus on their structure, properties, interactions, and behavior. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter, consisting of a nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons in orbitals. Understanding atomic physics helps us comprehend the nature of matter and the fundamental forces that govern the universe. It has applications in various areas such as quantum mechanics, nuclear energy, and materials science. Researchers in atomic physics study phenomena like atomic spectra, electron configurations, and atomic collisions to uncover the secrets of the microscopic world and advance our knowledge of the physical laws that shape our reality.
What is the subatomic particle with a positive charge in an atom?
A) Electron
B) Neutron
C) Proton
D) Photon
- 2. Who proposed the planetary model of the atom?
A) Erwin Schrödinger
B) Niels Bohr
C) Max Planck
D) Albert Einstein
- 3. What is the smallest unit of matter?
A) Neutron
B) Molecule
C) Atom
D) Electron
- 4. Which element has the atomic number 79?
A) Platinum
B) Silver
C) Iron
D) Gold
- 5. What is the name of the process where an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation?
A) Nuclear fission
B) Alpha decay
C) Nuclear fusion
D) Radioactive decay
- 6. What is the total number of electrons that can occupy the 'd' sublevel?
A) 4
B) 14
C) 6
D) 10
- 7. What is the unit of energy used in atomic physics?
A) Newton
B) Joule
C) Calorie
D) Electronvolt
- 8. Who discovered the electron?
A) Max Planck
B) Marie Curie
C) Ernest Rutherford
D) J.J. Thomson
- 9. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the second energy level in an atom?
A) 18
B) 2
C) 8
D) 6
- 10. Which scientist proposed the wave-particle duality of matter?
A) Erwin Schrödinger
B) Max Planck
C) Werner Heisenberg
D) Louis de Broglie
- 11. What is the process by which a nucleus splits into smaller nuclei?
A) Radioactive decay
B) Nuclear fission
C) Beta decay
D) Nuclear fusion
- 12. Which scientist formulated the quantum theory of electromagnetic radiation?
A) Max Planck
B) Werner Heisenberg
C) Louis de Broglie
D) Erwin Schrödinger
- 13. What is the process by which two atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus?
A) Alpha decay
B) Nuclear fusion
C) Nuclear fission
D) Radioactive decay
- 14. What is the electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light?
A) Gamma rays
B) Ultraviolet radiation
C) X-rays
D) Infrared radiation
- 15. Which scientist is known for the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics?
A) Niels Bohr
B) Werner Heisenberg
C) Max Planck
D) Erwin Schrödinger
- 16. What is the name of the principle stating that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers?
A) Aufbau principle
B) Schrodinger's equation
C) Hund's rule
D) Pauli exclusion principle
- 17. What is the term for the distance between consecutive peaks of a wave?
A) Wavelength
B) Frequency
C) Period
D) Amplitude
- 18. Which element has the symbol 'Ca' on the periodic table?
A) Cadmium
B) Cobalt
C) Carbon
D) Calcium
- 19. What is the process by which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle?
A) Beta decay
B) Alpha decay
C) Neutron capture
D) Gamma decay
- 20. What is the term for the energy required to remove an electron from an atom?
A) Molar mass
B) Atomic mass
C) Ionization energy
D) Electron affinity
- 21. Which element has the atomic number 1?
A) Oxygen
B) Hydrogen
C) Nitrogen
D) Carbon
- 22. What is the term used to describe atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons?
A) Isotones
B) Isotopes
C) Isobars
D) Isomers
- 23. When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an:
A) Ion
B) Molecule
C) Element
D) Isotope
- 24. What is the phenomenon where an electron exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties?
A) Pauli exclusion principle
B) Quantum entanglement
C) Wave-particle duality
D) Superposition
- 25. What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in an 's' orbital?
A) 2
B) 6
C) 8
D) 4
- 26. What is the SI unit of frequency?
A) Hertz (Hz)
B) Newton (N)
C) Joules (J)
D) Watts (W)
- 27. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
A) Proton
B) Positron
C) Neutron
D) Electron
- 28. What is the total number of orbitals in the 'p' sublevel?
A) 7
B) 5
C) 1
D) 3
- 29. What is the charge of the nucleus of an atom?
A) Neutral
B) Negative
C) Positive
D) Variable
- 30. The number of protons in an atom determines its:
A) Atomic mass
B) Valence electrons
C) Neutron number
D) Atomic number
- 31. An atom with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons is called an:
A) Ion
B) Element
C) Isotope
D) Molecule
- 32. How many electrons can occupy the p subshell?
A) 2
B) 10
C) 6
D) 14
- 33. What is the term for the positively charged central core of an atom?
A) Electron cloud
B) Orbit
C) Nucleus
D) Quark
- 34. What is the stable isotope of carbon with 6 protons and 6 neutrons?
A) Carbon-16
B) Carbon-14
C) Carbon-12
D) Carbon-10
- 35. What is the nucleus of an atom primarily composed of?
A) Protons and neutrons
B) Photons
C) Positrons
D) Electrons
- 36. Who discovered the neutron?
A) Niels Bohr
B) James Chadwick
C) J.J. Thomson
D) Ernest Rutherford
- 37. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 3rd energy level of an atom?
A) 10
B) 12
C) 8
D) 18
- 38. Who proposed the famous equation E=mc² related to mass-energy equivalence?
A) Isaac Newton
B) Galileo Galilei
C) Stephen Hawking
D) Albert Einstein
- 39. The quantum mechanical model describes the behavior of electrons in terms of:
A) Nuclear charge
B) Wave functions
C) Orbital notation
D) Atomic numbers
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