A) Judges direct police officers on how to conduct every investigation B) Police officers decide the guilt of suspects C) Police officers impose judicial penalties D) Law enforcement gathers evidence while the judiciary independently adjudicates the case
A) Separation of powers B) Integrity and fairness C) Judicial economy D) Community participation
A) Fair administration of justice B) Rehabilitation C) Community policing D) Correctional treatment
A) To supervise all correctional facilities B) To independently determine cases according to law and evidence C) To investigate every reported crime D) To prosecute all suspects
A) Judicial supremacy B) Police discretion C) Retribution D) Presumption of innocence
A) Civil cases never involve courts B) Criminal cases are decided by private individuals C) Civil actions always result in imprisonment D) Criminal prosecution generally involves an offense against the State or public order
A) Proportionality and respect for human rights B) Legislative supremacy C) Community sovereignty D) Judicial review
A) Equal protection only B) Double jeopardy C) Due process D) Judicial notice
A) Double jeopardy B) Substantive due process C) Equal protection D) Procedural due process
A) Substantive due process B) Procedural due process C) Right to counsel D) Double jeopardy
A) Double jeopardy B) Equal protection C) Self-incrimination D) Presumption of innocence
A) Applying the law fairly to persons similarly situated B) Giving favored treatment to politically influential suspects C) Exempting government officials from criminal prosecution D) Allowing police officers to choose which laws apply
A) Police power B) Equal protection C) Due process D) Double jeopardy
A) Interpreting laws B) Determining legal controversies C) Conducting routine criminal investigation D) Adjudicating criminal cases
A) Evaluating evidence for prosecution B) Conducting preliminary investigation when authorized by law C) Representing the State in criminal cases D) Imposing the final sentence on a convicted offender
A) Rehabilitation B) Custody of offenders C) Reintegration D) Determination of guilt
A) Adjudication B) Investigation C) Rehabilitation D) Prosecution
A) A convicted offender returns to criminal behavior after previously being punished for an offense B) A prosecutor dismisses a complaint C) A person reports a crime to the police D) A person commits a crime for the first time
A) It eliminates the need for courts B) It allows offenders to avoid accountability C) It seeks to prepare offenders for lawful and productive reintegration into society D) It guarantees that every offender will be acquitted
A) Prosecution B) Investigation C) Adjudication D) Reintegration
A) Presenting evidence during trial B) Supervising convicted offenders C) Arresting a suspect after a crime has been committed D) Conducting visible patrols in areas identified as vulnerable to criminal activity
A) Conducting rehabilitation programs B) Determining the constitutionality of a statute C) Imposing a sentence D) Gathering and analyzing information to establish the facts and circumstances of an offense
A) To establish facts relevant to the offense B) To exercise judicial authority C) To replace the prosecutor D) To determine the final sentence
A) The police must impose the appropriate punishment B) The prosecution must establish the accused's guilt beyond reasonable doubt C) The judge must investigate the accused personally D) The accused must always prove that he is innocent
A) Convict because arrest creates a presumption of guilt B) Acquit because guilt was not established beyond reasonable doubt C) Order the police to impose punishment D) Convict because the prosecutor believes the accused is guilty
A) It is a reasonable basis for believing that a crime has been committed and that the person involved may be responsible B) It guarantees the guilt of the accused C) It is equivalent to proof beyond reasonable doubt D) It is the standard necessary for every criminal conviction
A) A sufficient legal basis for the issuance of the warrant B) Completion of the criminal trial C) Final guilt D) Automatic conviction
A) Administrative convenience B) Due process and presumption of innocence C) Police discretion D) Community control
A) Double jeopardy B) Judicial supremacy C) Legislative immunity D) Voluntariness and constitutional safeguards
A) A police officer refuses all external review B) An officer is automatically immune from liability because of official position C) A police officer determines his own punishment D) An officer is investigated for an alleged violation of law or regulations
A) Judicial review B) Integrity C) Retribution D) Political neutrality only
A) A prosecutor evaluates evidence objectively B) A court renders a decision based on evidence C) An officer follows established procedures D) An official accepts money in exchange for favorable treatment
A) Consistent enforcement of laws B) Transparent disciplinary proceedings C) Respect for constitutional rights D) Favoritism toward influential individuals
A) Appellate review B) Sentencing C) Crime prevention D) Adjudication
A) It seeks to reduce the occurrence of crime before offenses happen B) It begins only after conviction C) It is exclusively performed by courts D) It applies only to convicted offenders
A) Correctional custody B) Prosecutorial discretion C) Judicial review D) Community participation in crime prevention
A) Correctional institution B) Prosecutor's office C) Police department D) Court
A) Executive interference B) Judicial independence and due process C) Police supremacy D) Community control
A) Community supremacy B) Executive control C) Judicial independence D) Police discretion
A) Criminal justice functions are distributed among constitutionally recognized branches and institutions B) One government branch performs all criminal justice functions C) Police agencies may create criminal statutes D) Courts may exercise unlimited executive authority
A) Absolute judicial power B) Correctional independence C) Separation of powers D) Police authority
A) Legislative B) Judicial C) Correctional D) Executive
A) Executive B) Legislative C) Judicial D) Community
A) Judicial B) Non of the above C) Executive D) Legislative
A) Executive privilege B) Rule of law C) Police supremacy D) Administrative convenience
A) Laws apply only to private citizens B) All persons and institutions, including government authorities, are subject to the law C) Government officials may act according to personal judgment regardless of law D) Police officers may override constitutional limitations
A) Due process and the rule of law B) Public anger C) Media opinion D) Immediate punishment
A) Giving harsher punishment solely because of public demand B) Convicting every arrested person C) Ignoring constitutional safeguards to obtain convictions D) Applying the law fairly while protecting the rights of the accused and the interests of society
A) Each pillar should perform its legally assigned function while coordinating with the others and respecting constitutional rights B) Courts should follow the decisions of police investigators C) Law enforcement should control all other pillars D) Community members should determine the guilt and punishment of offenders
A) Police efficiency B) Presumption of innocence C) Correctional rehabilitation D) Community participation
A) Giving the accused a fair opportunity to be heard according to established legal procedures B) Punishing a suspect immediately after arrest C) Allowing the media to determine guilt D) Allowing police officers to impose penalties
A) Observe ethical and legal duties and avoid relying on fabricated evidence B) Ask the court to convict based on the police report alone C) Ignore the defect because the accused is probably guilty D) Use the evidence because conviction is the objective
A) Giving harsher treatment to unpopular individuals B) Applying legal standards without regard to personal relationships C) Allowing public opinion to determine prosecution D) Giving preferential treatment to politically influential suspects
A) Judicial independence B) Community control C) Executive supremacy D) Police discretion
A) Each pillar performs identical functions B) The performance of one pillar can affect the effectiveness of the others C) The community has authority over all government institutions D) The judiciary controls all five pillars
A) Separation of the community B) Judicial supremacy C) Correctional independence D) Interdependence of the criminal justice pillars
A) Determine the final guilt of the suspect B) Decide whether the accused should be convicted C) Gather facts and evidence in accordance with law D) Impose the sentence
A) Impose imprisonment B) Represent the State and evaluate and present evidence according to law C) Serve as the correctional officer D) Personally determine the accused's guilt
A) Conduct correctional counseling B) Investigate every reported crime C) Conduct routine police patrols D) Determine criminal liability through judicial proceedings
A) It determines probable cause for warrants B) It enacts criminal statutes C) It focuses primarily on arrest and investigation D) It focuses on custody, treatment, rehabilitation, and reintegration of offenders
A) Investigation B) Retribution C) Rehabilitation D) Adjudication
A) Citizens issue search warrants B) Citizens impose criminal sentences C) Citizens determine guilt D) Citizens participate in programs designed to reduce conditions associated with crime
A) Prosecution B) Reintegration C) Investigation D) Adjudication
A) Rehabilitation completely eliminates accountability B) Punishment and rehabilitation can never coexist C) Modern corrections may combine lawful punishment with efforts to reform and reintegrate offenders D) Rehabilitation means that offenders are automatically released
A) Prosecution B) Corrections C) Judiciary D) Community
A) Bureau of Corrections B) National Bureau of Investigation C) Philippine National Police D) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
A) Department of Justice B) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology C) Bureau of Corrections D) Supreme Court
A) The person has already been found guilty B) The person may be punished without trial C) The person should automatically be treated as a convicted prisoner D) Detention before conviction does not by itself establish guilt
A) Right to travel and suffrage B) Freedom of religion and assembly C) Right to property and education D) Right to be informed and right to counsel
A) A person refuses to provide compelled testimony that would incriminate him B) . A person refuses to obey a lawful court order unrelated to testimony C) A prosecutor refuses to file a case D) A police officer refuses to investigate
A) Judicial delegation of police powers B) Separation of functions among criminal justice agencies C) Community adjudication D) Supremacy of law enforcement
A) Impartial administration of justice B) Police discretion C) Correctional rehabilitation D) Judicial independence
A) Judicial review B) Double jeopardy C) Presumption of innocence D) Police power
A) Police discretion B) Executive control C) Judicial independence D) Community supremacy
A) Probable cause is sufficient for conviction, while proof beyond reasonable doubt is needed only for arrest. B) Probable cause concerns whether there is sufficient basis to proceed, while proof beyond reasonable doubt is required for conviction. C) Both standards require exactly the same level of certainty. D) Proof beyond reasonable doubt is required before any investigation can begin.
A) Police power B) Judicial supremacy C) Community participation D) Presumption of innocence
A) Reintegration B) Integrity C) All of the above D) Rehabilitation
A) Refusing to disclose misconduct because of institutional reputation B) Using official position to avoid disciplinary proceedings C) Ignoring complaints against fellow officers D) Submitting to lawful investigation regarding an alleged abuse of authority
A) Investigation B) Rehabilitation C) Adjudication D) Retribution
A) Prosecution B) Adjudication C) Deterrence D) Reintegration
A) Judiciary B) Prosecution C) Corrections D) Community
A) Crime control always prevails over individual rights. B) Constitutional rights apply only after conviction. C) Police authority is unlimited during criminal investigations D) Law enforcement must operate within constitutional and legal limitations.
A) A prosecutor gives preferential treatment to a political ally. B) A police officer follows established legal procedures despite pressure from influential individuals. C) A government official ignores a law because of his position. D) A judge decides a case according to personal preference.
A) Judicial review B) Equal protection C) Right against self-incrimination D) Double jeopardy
A) Substantive due process B) Double jeopardy C) Procedural due process D) Equal protection
A) Double jeopardy B) Right to counsel C) Substantive due process D) Procedural due process
A) Equal protection B) Double jeopardy C) Right to information D) Freedom of assembly
A) Right to suffrage B) Right to property C) Right to counsel D) Right to travel
A) Protection against compelled self-incrimination and coercive interrogation B) Presumption of innocence and proof beyond reasonable doubt C) Right to assembly D) Coordination between law enforcement and prosecution
A) Supremacy of police authority B) Judicial control over investigation C) Coordination between law enforcement and prosecution D) A court determines whether governmental action is consistent with the Constitution
A) Public opinion B) Presumption of innocence and proof beyond reasonable doubt C) Police discretion D) Administrative efficiency
A) A correctional officer supervises an inmate B) Separation of powers and checks and balances C) A police officer examines physical evidence D) A court determines whether governmental action is consistent with the Constitution
A) Police supremacy B) Community sovereignty C) Judicial absolutism D) Separation of powers and checks and balances
A) Prosecution B) Crime prevention C) Adjudication D) Correctional treatment
A) The police perform all criminal justice functions. B) The actions of one pillar may affect the effectiveness of another pillar. C) The community independently determines guilt and punishment. D) The police properly investigate a case, the prosecutor evaluates it, the court adjudicates it, corrections handles the offender, and the community supports prevention and reintegration.
A) The community is responsible for preserving evidence. B) The judiciary controls all investigative decisions. C) The actions of one pillar may affect the effectiveness of another pillar. D) Each pillar operates completely independently.
A) Convicted offenders should automatically be released. B) Corrections should consider custody, accountability, rehabilitation, and eventual reintegration. C) Corrections should determine whether the offender is guilty. D) Punishment should be the sole purpose of corrections.
A) Integrity and adherence to the rule of law B) Institutional disloyalty C) Community control D) Judicial supremacy
A) Courts disregard procedural requirements to increase conviction rates. B) Criminal justice agencies coordinate their functions while respecting due process, constitutional rights, and the rule of law. C) Police officers determine guilt to expedite cases. D) Every person arrested is eventually convicted.
A) To protect society and maintain peace and order while ensuring justice, lawful procedures, protection of rights, and appropriate treatment of offenders B) To maximize the number of convictions regardless of circumstances C) Corrections should consider custody, accountability, rehabilitation, and eventual reintegration. D) Criminal justice agencies coordinate their functions while respecting due process, constitutional rights, and the rule of law. |