Occam's razor - Quiz
A) Because they are easier to memorize. B) Because they have greater empirical content. C) Because they require less computational power. D) Because they are more aesthetically pleasing.
A) Simpler theories are more easily falsifiable. B) Simpler theories are always proven true. C) Simpler theories are impossible to falsify. D) Simpler theories are less testable than complex ones.
A) Complex theories are always more informative. B) Simplicity is irrelevant to informativeness. C) Informativeness has no connection to scientific hypothesis. D) The simplest theory is more informative because it requires less information.
A) He decided that informativeness was a bad metric. B) He discovered that simple theories are always wrong. C) It failed to provide an epistemic justification for simplicity. D) He stopped believing in the importance of scientific theory.
A) Proven it mathematically. B) Combined it with complexity. C) Denied its existence entirely. D) Hypostatized it.
A) Only in mathematical equations. B) Only when data is absent. C) When embedded in a specific context. D) In all situations universally.
A) The question 'why do atoms exist?' B) The question 'why does gravity exist?' C) The question 'why be rational?' D) The question 'why is the sky blue?'
A) Logical grounds. B) Political grounds. C) Aesthetic grounds. D) Practical grounds.
A) As purely an aesthetic preference. B) As less likely to be accurate. C) As more likely to be true. D) As identical in probability to others.
A) It is a social construct. B) It is an ultimate a priori epistemic principle. C) It is a physical law of nature. D) It has no relationship to truth.
A) Science is perfectly objective. B) Science is irrational. C) Science is redundant. D) Science is too complex.
A) Statistical Mechanics. B) The Principle of Relativity. C) Underdetermination. D) The Law of Entropy.
A) Either truth exists or science is a hobby. B) Either science is complete or simplicity is an illusion. C) Either science is irrational or simplicity is a synthetic a priori truth. D) Either data is useless or complexity is preferred.
A) When the complex theory explains the data better. B) When the simple theory is mathematically incorrect. C) When there is no data available. D) When both explain the data equally well.
A) William H. Jefferys and David J. C. MacKay. B) E. T. Jaynes and David J. C. MacKay. C) James O. Berger and Harold Jeffreys. D) Harold Jeffreys and E. T. Jaynes.
A) No. B) Only for complex models. C) Only for mathematical theories. D) Yes.
A) The reduction of adjustable parameters. B) The sum of marginal and conditional probabilities. C) The increase in prior bias. D) The balance between overfitting and underfitting.
A) Lower bias but higher variance. B) Higher bias and higher variance. C) Higher bias but lower variance. D) Lower bias and lower variance.
A) Higher variance but lower bias. B) Higher variance and higher bias. C) Lower variance and lower bias. D) Lower variance but higher bias.
A) Philosophia Christiana B) Entia non sunt C) Lex parsimoniae D) Novacula Occami
A) William of Ockham B) John Punch C) Libert Froidmont D) Thomas Aquinas
A) John Punch B) Ptolemy C) William of Ockham D) Robert Grosseteste
A) Aristotle B) John Duns Scotus C) Maimonides D) Ptolemy
A) Libert Froidmont B) Thomas Aquinas C) John Duns Scotus D) William of Ockham
A) Franciscan friar B) Jesuit priest C) Benedictine monk D) Dominican monk
A) Idealism B) Nominalism C) Realism D) Existentialism
A) Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem B) Tabula rasa C) Cogito ergo sum D) Numquam ponenda est pluralitas sine necessitate
A) Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem B) Frustra fit per plura quod potest fieri per pauciora C) Pluralitas non est ponenda sine necessitate D) Numquam ponenda est pluralitas sine necessitate
A) Sentences of Peter Lombard B) Quaestiones et decisiones C) Summa Totius Logicae D) Theological Lectures
A) Ernst Mach B) Isaac Newton C) Bertrand Russell D) Thomas Aquinas
A) Ernst Mach B) Ray Solomonoff C) Theodore Woodward D) Isaac Newton
A) Horses B) Rare animals C) Exotic diseases D) Zebras
A) Ernst Mach B) Ray Solomonoff C) Theodore Woodward D) Thomas Aquinas
A) Historical B) Aesthetic C) Theological D) Epistemological
A) Probability B) Inefficiency C) Spareness D) Complexity
A) Prediction based upon observations B) Categorizing medical diagnoses C) Establishing aesthetic standards D) Defining theological morality
A) The falsifiability criterion. B) The principle of absolute truth. C) The mathematical proof of data. D) The consensus of the scientific community.
A) John Dalton. B) Christiaan Huygens. C) Max Planck. D) Isaac Newton.
A) George C. Williams B) Francis Crick C) Richard Dawkins D) Elliott Sober
A) Groups B) Individuals C) Genes D) Ecosystems
A) Sharing food resources among adults B) Forming a defensive circle against wolves C) Migrating in large herds across frozen plains D) Displaying dominance through horn clashing
A) Synapomorphies B) Genealogy and similarity C) Overall similarity D) Geographic range
A) The inability to use DNA data B) Statistical inconsistency C) The lack of mathematical rigor D) The reliance on external physical traits
A) George C. Williams B) Richard Dawkins C) Elliott Sober D) Francis Crick
A) Pantheist B) Christian C) Agnostic D) Atheist
A) Through logical proof B) Only through faith C) Through scientific discovery D) Through human reason
A) The Ultimate Boeing 747 gambit B) Quinque viae C) Methodological naturalism D) Materialism
A) Pierre-Simon Laplace B) William of Ockham C) George Berkeley D) Søren Kierkegaard
A) The mind alone B) Scientific laws C) Material objects D) The interaction of atoms
A) Matter was proven to not exist B) Matter was not required by his metaphysics C) He believed in atheism D) He rejected the mind's existence
A) An explicit denial of Christian theology B) The power of methodological naturalism C) A proof that God does not exist D) A rejection of all philosophical reasoning
A) Emotional desire B) Experience C) Infinite complexity D) Material proof only
A) Paul Churchland B) J. J. C. Smart C) Folk psychologists D) Dale Jacquette
A) 1959 B) 2000 C) 1994 D) 1984
A) Physical reality B) Dualism C) Fear D) Neuroscience
A) Restorative justice. B) Retributive justice. C) Legal realism. D) Natural law theory.
A) Retributive sentencing. B) Kolmogorov complexity. C) Sensitivity testing. D) The Free energy principle alone.
A) Bayesian model comparison. B) The parsimony principle of Bentham. C) The Kolmogorov-Chaitin approach. D) Simple Turing machine analysis.
A) A restorative justice model. B) A penal theory framework. C) A Turing machine. D) A Bayesian factor.
A) An infinite amount of memory B) Approximately the same length description C) A randomly generated set of rules D) A highly complex binary sequence
A) David L. Dowe B) Marcus Hutter C) Chris Wallace D) Jürgen Schmidhuber
A) Describing the program B) The data itself C) The set of evidence D) The Kolmogorov complexity
A) Jürgen Schmidhuber B) Needham C) Marcus Hutter D) Chris Wallace
A) Data encryption analysis B) Decision tree induction C) Algorithmic probability research D) Universal Turing machine design
A) Tim Berners-Lee B) Lewis White Beck C) Galileo Galilei D) Francis Crick
A) Quine B) Francis Crick C) Tim Berners-Lee D) Lewis White Beck
A) Immanuel Kant B) Karl Menger C) Walter Chatton D) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
A) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz B) Alfred Jarry C) Karl Menger D) Walter Chatton
A) Parsimonious with variables B) Extravagant with theories C) Careless with evidence D) Unfocused on simplicity
A) The Principle of Plenitude B) The Law Against Miserliness C) Crabtree's Bludgeon D) 'Pataphysics
A) Igor Mazin B) Alfred Jarry C) Jorge Luis Borges D) R. V. Jones
A) Crabtree's Bludgeon B) Inverse Occam's razor C) The principle of plenitude D) The Law Against Miserliness
A) 1902 B) 1985 C) 2012 D) 1285
A) Karl Derrick B) Deborah Hyde C) Neil Davies D) William of Ockham
A) A portrait of Alfred Jarry B) The face of William of Ockham C) A double-edged safety razorblade D) A mathematical formula
A) Se non è vero, è ben trovato B) Cogito, ergo sum C) In vino veritas D) Carpe diem
A) Jorge Luis Borges B) Igor Mazin C) R. V. Jones D) Arthur Lovejoy |
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