Onion dome - Quiz

1. Prior to the 18th century, what did the Russian Orthodox Church think of the exterior shape of a church?

A) It did not assign any particular symbolism to it.
B) It was considered a divine revelation.
C) It was strictly mandated by biblical texts.
D) It was thought to represent the Holy Trinity.

2. What are onion domes popularly believed to symbolize?

A) Burning candles
B) The descent of the Holy Spirit
C) The crown of a king
D) The fertility of the Russian earth

3. Who argued in 1917 that the onion shape of Russian church domes could not be explained rationally?

A) Johannes Holl
B) The Patriarch of Moscow
C) Prince Evgenii Troubetzkoy
D) Friedensreich Hundertwasser

4. What does the Byzantine cupola represent according to the text?

A) The vault of heaven above the earth
B) A burning flame
C) The gates of paradise
D) A mountain peak

5. According to the text, what does the Gothic spire express?

A) The weight of earthly suffering
B) The horizontal expansion of faith
C) Unbridled vertical thrust
D) A calm, meditative state

6. To what does Prince Evgenii Troubetzkoy liken the onion dome?

A) A tongue of fire
B) A blossoming flower
C) A drop of water
D) A celestial shield

7. What does the onion shape of a church dome represent regarding prayer?

A) The accumulation of wealth
B) A soul burning towards heaven
C) The protection of the congregation
D) The silence of the afterlife

8. What utilitarian explanation for onion domes does the text reject?

A) The need to withstand high wind speeds
B) The need to prevent snow from piling on the roof
C) The need to maximize interior acoustic resonance
D) The need to save on construction materials

9. Which folk saying is used to describe the feeling evoked by church domes?

A) Burning with truth
B) Touching the stars
C) Reaching for the light
D) Glowing with fervour

10. What is an alternative origin theory for the onion dome shape mentioned in the text?

A) The crown worn by Byzantine emperors
B) The design of traditional Russian grain silos
C) Ancient Mongolian nomadic tents
D) The aedicula in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre

11. When was the first onion dome in the Holy Roman Empire built?

A) 1750
B) 1917
C) 1576
D) 1200

12. Who was the architect of the first onion dome in the Holy Roman Empire?

A) An anonymous Crusader
B) Prince Evgenii Troubetzkoy
C) Johannes Holl
D) Friedensreich Hundertwasser

13. On what building was the first Holy Roman Empire onion dome placed?

A) The Kremlin cathedrals
B) The Church of the Holy Sepulchre
C) The World's Only Corn Palace
D) Convent of the Franciscan Sisters of Maria Stern

14. Which 20th-century designer favored the use of onion domes?

A) Johannes Holl
B) Banda Aceh
C) Friedensreich Hundertwasser
D) Prince Evgenii Troubetzkoy

15. In which architecture style was the onion dome used extensively in South Asia?

A) Baroque architecture
B) Gothic architecture
C) Byzantine architecture
D) Mughal architecture

16. In what architecture is the onion dome a common feature, particularly in Gurudwaras?

A) Taoist architecture
B) Hindu temple architecture
C) Sikh architecture
D) Buddhist architecture

17. What famous building in Mitchell, South Dakota features onion domes?

A) The city museum
B) The state capitol building
C) A local Orthodox church
D) The World's Only Corn Palace

18. In which country is the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque located?

A) Germany
B) Iran
C) Russia
D) Indonesia

19. What is another name for an onion dome?

A) Byzantine drum
B) Helmet dome
C) Tent-like spire
D) Onion cupola

20. Which of these is a characteristic feature of an onion dome's shape?

A) Width always exceeds height
B) Height usually exceeds width
C) Perfectly spherical shape
D) Flat topped geometry

21. According to Wolfgang Born, where did the onion dome originate?

A) Syria
B) Italy
C) Bavaria
D) Russia

22. Where is the earliest prototype of an onion dome found?

A) Dormition Cathedral, Ukraine
B) St. Basil's Cathedral, Russia
C) Chehel Dokhter, Iran
D) St. Andrew's Church, Kyiv

23. During which centuries did the use of onion domes in Russia reach a peak?

A) 19th and 20th centuries
B) 11th and 12th centuries
C) 17th and 18th centuries
D) 14th and 15th centuries

24. Which dome type is typically associated with Ukrainian Baroque?

A) Helmet domes
B) Bud-shaped domes
C) Pear-shaped domes
D) Cone-shaped domes

25. Where were the largest onion domes of the 17th and 18th centuries erected?

A) Yaroslavl
B) Kyiv
C) Novgorod
D) Vladimir

26. What might have been responsible for the introduction of onion domes in Vienna?

A) Russian occupation
B) Islamic influence
C) The discovery of oil
D) Byzantine traders

27. Who reigned during the time when the domes of Saint Basil's Cathedral were finalized?

A) Fyodor I
B) Sergey Zagraevsky
C) Boris Rybakov
D) Ivan the Terrible

28. According to Sergey Zagraevsky, what do most icons painted after the Mongol invasion display?

A) No domes at all
B) Onion domes
C) Flat roofs
D) Helmet domes

29. Why does Zagraevsky believe restorators found helmet-dome fragments?

A) They were cheap replacements
B) They were the original structures
C) Post-Petrine stylisations
D) They were imported from Italy

30. What architectural emphasis in the 13th century explains the ubiquitous appearance of onion domes?

A) Horizontality
B) Minimalism
C) Symmetry
D) Verticality

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