A) Azo pigments contain more nitrogen atoms. B) Azo dyes have a keto hydrazide structure. C) Azo dyes are always liquid, while pigments are gaseous. D) Azo pigments lack solubilizing groups.
A) They contain metallic elements that alter their classification. B) They exist as keto hydrazide tautomers lacking the -N=N- linkage. C) They lack the aromatic rings required for azo classification. D) They are inorganic compounds rather than organic.
A) Black to grey B) Blue to green C) Violet to brown D) Yellow to red
A) The organic compound properties and the pigment carrier absorption. B) Only the concentration of the pigment in the paint. C) The type of plastic used in the manufacturing process. D) The solubility of the pigment in water.
A) Because photolysis only occurs in anaerobic conditions. B) Because dyes require high photolytic stability to be useful. C) Because light cannot penetrate the dyes. D) Because azo dyes are immune to all forms of light radiation.
A) They undergo immediate oxidation. B) They break down into harmless compounds rapidly. C) They biodegrade negligibly. D) They become highly toxic.
A) Aerobic conditions B) High-temperature conditions C) Extreme UV exposure D) Anaerobic conditions
A) Blue lake pigment B) Dinitroaniline orange C) Pigment yellow 12 D) Standard azo red
A) Skin rashes B) Liver failure C) Respiratory infection D) Bladder cancer
A) In the 1980s B) In the 2000s C) In the 1950s D) In the 1990s
A) They solidify into crystals. B) They become more stable. C) They release defined aromatic amines. D) They turn into pure nitrogen gas.
A) January 1990 B) December 2010 C) June 1985 D) September 2003
A) Because the ban only applied to industrial, not consumer, goods. B) Because only a few dyes produced the listed amines. C) Because the dyes were found to be harmless. D) Because most companies had already stopped using them.
A) 450 nm B) 200 nm C) 365 nm D) 500 nm
A) Circular B) Bent or kinked C) Polymeric D) Linear and extended
A) Vacuum exposure B) Freezing C) Thermal relaxation D) Addition of acid
A) 300–350 nm B) 450–500 nm C) 600–700 nm D) 100–200 nm
A) Aryl diazonium cation B) Nitrated aromatic compound C) Aniline D) Acetoacetanilide
A) Acetoacetanilides B) Aliphatic alcohols C) Ethers D) Ketones
A) Azoxy intermediate B) Amine salt C) Diazonium salt D) Acetoacetanilide
A) Electrolysis B) Oxidation C) Hydrolysis D) Reduction
A) Sodium acetate B) Benzene sulfonic acid C) Disodium 4,4′-dinitrostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate D) Aniline hydrochloride
A) NaOH B) C6H12O6 C) NaCl D) H2SO4
A) Nitration B) Sulfonation C) Metal complexation D) Hydrocarbon cleavage
A) R−N=N−R′ B) R−N=O=N−R′ C) R−O−O−R′ D) R−C=C−R′
A) 60–70% B) 80–90% C) 10–20% D) 30–40%
A) Gas soluble B) Insoluble C) Moderately soluble in oil only D) Highly soluble
A) Metal surfaces B) Cellulose-based textiles C) Glass D) Synthetic plastics only
A) Solids B) Gases C) Plasmas D) Liquids
A) Covalent bonding B) Electrostatic forces C) Physical entrapment D) Hydrogen bonding only
A) Sulfonic acid groups B) Metal complexes C) Aryl halide groups D) Quaternary ammonium centers
A) Non-electrostatic forces B) Covalent linkage C) Metallic bonding D) Ionic bonding |