- 1. The philosophy of psychology is a branch of philosophy that explores fundamental questions about the nature of the mind, the relationship between the mind and the brain, and the ways in which we can understand and investigate mental processes. It delves into issues such as consciousness, perception, memory, emotions, and the philosophical foundations of psychological theories and practices. Philosophers of psychology examine concepts like free will, determinism, and the nature of mental causation, as well as the ethical implications of psychological research and interventions. By engaging with both philosophical and psychological perspectives, the philosophy of psychology seeks to enrich our understanding of the human mind and the complexities of mental life.
What is introspection?
A) Studying group behavior in social settings
B) Analyzing unconscious drives and desires
C) Manipulating external stimuli to observe behavior
D) Examining and reporting one's own conscious thoughts and feelings
- 2. Who introduced the concept of classical conditioning in psychology?
A) Ivan Pavlov
B) Jean Piaget
C) Carl Jung
D) Erik Erikson
- 3. Which philosopher is associated with the concept of tabula rasa?
A) Immanuel Kant
B) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C) David Hume
D) John Locke
- 4. Who proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance?
A) Herbert Simon
B) B.F. Skinner
C) Albert Bandura
D) Leon Festinger
- 5. Who is known for the concept of archetypes in psychology?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Jung
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) Erik Erikson
- 6. What is the primary focus of behaviorism?
A) Humanistic potential
B) Observable behavior
C) Personal growth
D) Unconscious desires
- 7. Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Carl Rogers
- 8. What is the concept of self-actualization associated with?
A) Cognitive psychology
B) Behaviorism
C) Humanistic psychology
D) Psychoanalysis
- 9. What does the biopsychosocial model of psychology consider in understanding human behavior?
A) Physical, mental, and emotional health
B) Behavioral, cognitive, and emotional patterns
C) Biological, psychological, and social factors
D) Spiritual, emotional, and cognitive processes
- 10. Who developed the theory of cognitive development in children known as schemas?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Lev Vygotsky
C) John Bowlby
D) Erik Erikson
- 11. Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotions?
A) Facial feedback hypothesis
B) Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
C) James-Lange theory
D) Cannon-Bard theory
- 12. According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
A) Conscious mind
B) Ego
C) Id
D) Superego
- 13. In psychology, what does the term 'cognition' refer to?
A) Behavioral responses to stimuli
B) The mental process of acquiring knowledge
C) Biological functions of the brain
D) Physical movement of the body
- 14. Which term describes the tendency to seek out information that aligns with our pre-existing beliefs?
A) Social learning
B) Confirmation bias
C) Operant conditioning
D) Selective attention
- 15. What is the term for the psychological defense mechanism where individuals attribute their undesirable traits to others?
A) Projection
B) Denial
C) Displacement
D) Regression
- 16. Which psychological disorder is characterized by persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation?
A) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
B) Depression
C) Schizophrenia
D) Phobia
- 17. What is the bystander effect in social psychology?
A) Prejudice and discrimination based on social categories
B) Tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in an emergency when others are present
C) Impact of cultural norms on social behavior
D) Influence of group dynamics on decision-making
- 18. Psychological research has shown that people often rely on mental shortcuts called ______ to make decisions quickly.
A) Heuristics
B) Cognitive schemas
C) Confirmation bias
D) Algorithms
- 19. What is the term for the process of receiving and interpreting information from the environment?
A) Perception
B) Imagery
C) Attention
D) Memory
- 20. Who is known as the father of modern psychology?
A) Wilhelm Wundt
B) Sigmund Freud
C) John Watson
D) William James
- 21. Who developed the concept of 'Operant Conditioning'?
A) Erik Erikson
B) Ivan Pavlov
C) John Watson
D) B.F. Skinner
- 22. Which psychologist is associated with the concept of 'self-efficacy'?
A) Ivan Pavlov
B) Albert Bandura
C) Erik Erikson
D) B.F. Skinner
- 23. What is the primary focus of social psychology?
A) Human potential and personal growth
B) Unconscious motivations and desires
C) Observable behaviors and stimuli
D) How individuals are influenced by and interact with others
- 24. Who is known for the concept of the 'Hierarchy of Needs' in psychology?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Erik Erikson
D) Carl Rogers
- 25. Which term refers to the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in the brain?
A) Learning
B) Memory
C) Perception
D) Cognition
- 26. What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors?
A) Fundamental attribution error
B) Hindsight bias
C) Self-serving bias
D) False consensus effect
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