- 1. The philosophy of psychology is a branch of philosophy that explores fundamental questions about the nature of the mind, the relationship between the mind and the brain, and the ways in which we can understand and investigate mental processes. It delves into issues such as consciousness, perception, memory, emotions, and the philosophical foundations of psychological theories and practices. Philosophers of psychology examine concepts like free will, determinism, and the nature of mental causation, as well as the ethical implications of psychological research and interventions. By engaging with both philosophical and psychological perspectives, the philosophy of psychology seeks to enrich our understanding of the human mind and the complexities of mental life.
What is introspection?
A) Analyzing unconscious drives and desires
B) Manipulating external stimuli to observe behavior
C) Studying group behavior in social settings
D) Examining and reporting one's own conscious thoughts and feelings
- 2. Who introduced the concept of classical conditioning in psychology?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Erik Erikson
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) Carl Jung
- 3. Which philosopher is associated with the concept of tabula rasa?
A) John Locke
B) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C) David Hume
D) Immanuel Kant
- 4. Who proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance?
A) B.F. Skinner
B) Leon Festinger
C) Herbert Simon
D) Albert Bandura
- 5. Who is known for the concept of archetypes in psychology?
A) Carl Jung
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) Erik Erikson
- 6. What is the primary focus of behaviorism?
A) Observable behavior
B) Humanistic potential
C) Unconscious desires
D) Personal growth
- 7. Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Jean Piaget
C) Carl Rogers
D) Abraham Maslow
- 8. What is the concept of self-actualization associated with?
A) Cognitive psychology
B) Behaviorism
C) Humanistic psychology
D) Psychoanalysis
- 9. What does the biopsychosocial model of psychology consider in understanding human behavior?
A) Biological, psychological, and social factors
B) Behavioral, cognitive, and emotional patterns
C) Physical, mental, and emotional health
D) Spiritual, emotional, and cognitive processes
- 10. Who developed the theory of cognitive development in children known as schemas?
A) John Bowlby
B) Lev Vygotsky
C) Erik Erikson
D) Jean Piaget
- 11. Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotions?
A) Cannon-Bard theory
B) Facial feedback hypothesis
C) James-Lange theory
D) Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
- 12. According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
A) Ego
B) Conscious mind
C) Id
D) Superego
- 13. In psychology, what does the term 'cognition' refer to?
A) Physical movement of the body
B) Biological functions of the brain
C) The mental process of acquiring knowledge
D) Behavioral responses to stimuli
- 14. Which term describes the tendency to seek out information that aligns with our pre-existing beliefs?
A) Confirmation bias
B) Operant conditioning
C) Selective attention
D) Social learning
- 15. What is the term for the psychological defense mechanism where individuals attribute their undesirable traits to others?
A) Projection
B) Displacement
C) Denial
D) Regression
- 16. Which psychological disorder is characterized by persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation?
A) Schizophrenia
B) Depression
C) Phobia
D) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- 17. What is the bystander effect in social psychology?
A) Impact of cultural norms on social behavior
B) Influence of group dynamics on decision-making
C) Prejudice and discrimination based on social categories
D) Tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in an emergency when others are present
- 18. Psychological research has shown that people often rely on mental shortcuts called ______ to make decisions quickly.
A) Cognitive schemas
B) Heuristics
C) Algorithms
D) Confirmation bias
- 19. What is the term for the process of receiving and interpreting information from the environment?
A) Memory
B) Imagery
C) Attention
D) Perception
- 20. Who is known as the father of modern psychology?
A) John Watson
B) Wilhelm Wundt
C) Sigmund Freud
D) William James
- 21. Who developed the concept of 'Operant Conditioning'?
A) Erik Erikson
B) Ivan Pavlov
C) B.F. Skinner
D) John Watson
- 22. Which psychologist is associated with the concept of 'self-efficacy'?
A) Erik Erikson
B) Ivan Pavlov
C) B.F. Skinner
D) Albert Bandura
- 23. What is the primary focus of social psychology?
A) Observable behaviors and stimuli
B) Unconscious motivations and desires
C) How individuals are influenced by and interact with others
D) Human potential and personal growth
- 24. Who is known for the concept of the 'Hierarchy of Needs' in psychology?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Carl Rogers
D) Erik Erikson
- 25. Which term refers to the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in the brain?
A) Perception
B) Learning
C) Cognition
D) Memory
- 26. What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors?
A) Hindsight bias
B) Fundamental attribution error
C) Self-serving bias
D) False consensus effect
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