A) Acetone B) Carbon dioxide C) Water D) Methanol
A) Liquid B) Gas C) Solid D) Supercritical
A) Differences in conductivity B) Differences in solubility in the mobile phase C) Differences in boiling point D) Differences in molecular weight
A) Increase column temperature B) Enhance detector sensitivity C) Avoid solvent contamination D) Maintain supercritical conditions
A) Higher resolution B) Faster separation C) Lower equipment cost D) Limited application range
A) Stabilizes column efficiency B) Enhances analyte solubility C) Improves stationary phase selectivity D) Reduces detector interference
A) Near-critical region B) Supercritical zone C) Critical point D) Transition zone
A) Liquid B) Gas C) Solid D) Aqueous
A) By adding impurities. B) By changing the pressure and temperature, allowing fine-tuning between liquid-like and gas-like states. C) Through exposure to light. D) By altering its chemical composition.
A) Only when both components have identical critical points. B) When one component is much more volatile than the other, at high pressure and temperatures above the component critical points. C) At low pressures regardless of temperature. D) In all binary mixtures without exception.
A) As the arithmetic mean of the critical temperatures and pressures of the two components. B) By summing the critical points of each component. C) It cannot be estimated; it must always be measured experimentally. D) Using only the critical temperature of one component.
A) Using only empirical observations without calculations. B) Through direct measurement at all possible pressures and temperatures. C) By averaging the boiling points of the components. D) Equations of state, such as the Peng–Robinson or group-contribution methods.
A) The density-pressure line B) The critical point C) The melting curve D) The boiling curve
A) 500 K B) 300 K C) 735 K D) 273 K
A) It uses less energy to heat the water. B) It increases the volume of hydrogen produced. C) It decreases the need for catalysts. D) It eliminates bubbles on electrodes, reducing ohmic losses.
A) The process requires long reaction times to be effective. B) Supercritical conditions can only be achieved at low pressures. C) A continuous reaction system must be devised due to very short reaction times. D) Large amounts of water are needed to maintain the reaction.
A) 1.0 megapascal B) 9.3 megapascals C) 12.0 megapascals D) 5.0 megapascals
A) James Prescott Joule B) Michael Faraday C) Baron Charles Cagniard de la Tour D) Benjamin Thompson
A) H2, CH4, CO2, CO B) O2, N2, Ar C) Neon, Krypton, Xenon D) NH3, SO2, NOx
A) Lignin forms a protective layer around polysaccharides. B) Lignin is completely converted into simple sugars. C) Lignin remains unchanged due to short reaction times. D) Aliphatic inter-ring linkages are cleaved into low molecular weight mixed phenols.
A) Enhanced conductivity B) Antimicrobial properties C) Reduced density D) Increased viscosity
A) Rankine cycle B) Otto cycle C) Brayton cycle D) The Allam cycle
A) Food science B) Pharmaceuticals C) Microelectronics D) Cosmetics
A) The density becomes higher B) The density decreases significantly C) The density fluctuates unpredictably D) The density remains constant
A) 10–5000 µm B) 5–2000 nm C) 50–500 nm D) 100–10000 nm
A) 3.4 MPa (34 bar) B) 570 MPa C) 7.38 MPa (73.8 bar) D) 40 bar
A) Alaska gas field B) Sleipner gas field C) North Sea gas field D) Texas gas field
A) China B) South Korea C) India D) Japan
A) 14,000 MPa B) 570 MPa C) 3.4 MPa (34 bar) D) 7.38 MPa (73.8 bar)
A) Reduced radiation exposure. B) Increased fuel availability. C) Similar thermal efficiency gains. D) Lower operational costs.
A) Transesterification B) Hydrogenation C) Oxidation D) Fermentation
A) It removes solvent without causing distortion due to surface tension. B) It reduces the cost of materials used. C) It enhances the mechanical strength of the aerogel. D) It speeds up the drying process significantly.
A) Hydrogen production facilities. B) CO2-based dry cleaning equipment. C) Supercritical fluid extraction equipment. D) Biomass gasification reactors.
A) They are cheaper than conventional solvents. B) Rapid diffusion accelerates diffusion-controlled reactions. C) They eliminate the need for catalysts. D) They increase reaction time. |