Exit, Voice, And Loyalty by Albert Hirschman

1. What are the three main concepts introduced by Hirschman in his book?

A) Choice, Demand, and Supply
B) Exit, Voice, and Loyalty
C) Protest, Opinion, and Action
D) Feedback, Response, and Choice

2. What does 'Exit' refer to in Hirschman's framework?

A) Taking control of a situation
B) Joining a new organization
C) Leaving or withdrawing from an organization or situation
D) Expressing dissatisfaction

3. What does 'Voice' signify in Hirschman's theory?

A) Ignoring the issues at hand
B) Choosing to leave a situation
C) Expressing dissatisfaction to improve a situation
D) Reorganizing an organization

4. Why might someone choose Exit over Voice?

A) Belief that change is unlikely
B) Goal to improve conditions
C) Desire to engage in dialogue
D) Trust in the current leadership

5. According to Hirschman, which factor might reduce the likelihood of Exit?

A) Desire for change
B) Strong loyalty to an organization
C) Negative experiences
D) Frustration with leadership

6. In which year was 'Exit, Voice, and Loyalty' published?

A) 1965
B) 1990
C) 1980
D) 1970

7. A central theme of Hirschman’s work is the balance between which two actions?

A) Exit and Voice
B) Action and Inaction
C) Leadership and Followership
D) Investment and Withdrawal

8. What role does 'Loyalty' play in Hirschman's framework?

A) Developing new models of leadership
B) Encourages individuals to use Voice rather than Exit
C) Advocating for complete withdrawal
D) Forming coalitions with others

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