Exit, Voice, And Loyalty by Albert Hirschman

1. What are the three main concepts introduced by Hirschman in his book?

A) Protest, Opinion, and Action
B) Exit, Voice, and Loyalty
C) Choice, Demand, and Supply
D) Feedback, Response, and Choice

2. What does 'Exit' refer to in Hirschman's framework?

A) Joining a new organization
B) Taking control of a situation
C) Leaving or withdrawing from an organization or situation
D) Expressing dissatisfaction

3. What does 'Voice' signify in Hirschman's theory?

A) Reorganizing an organization
B) Choosing to leave a situation
C) Ignoring the issues at hand
D) Expressing dissatisfaction to improve a situation

4. Why might someone choose Exit over Voice?

A) Goal to improve conditions
B) Desire to engage in dialogue
C) Trust in the current leadership
D) Belief that change is unlikely

5. According to Hirschman, which factor might reduce the likelihood of Exit?

A) Desire for change
B) Negative experiences
C) Strong loyalty to an organization
D) Frustration with leadership

6. In which year was 'Exit, Voice, and Loyalty' published?

A) 1970
B) 1990
C) 1965
D) 1980

7. A central theme of Hirschman’s work is the balance between which two actions?

A) Exit and Voice
B) Investment and Withdrawal
C) Action and Inaction
D) Leadership and Followership

8. What role does 'Loyalty' play in Hirschman's framework?

A) Forming coalitions with others
B) Encourages individuals to use Voice rather than Exit
C) Advocating for complete withdrawal
D) Developing new models of leadership

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