Exit, Voice, And Loyalty by Albert Hirschman

1. What are the three main concepts introduced by Hirschman in his book?

A) Exit, Voice, and Loyalty
B) Choice, Demand, and Supply
C) Feedback, Response, and Choice
D) Protest, Opinion, and Action

2. What does 'Exit' refer to in Hirschman's framework?

A) Expressing dissatisfaction
B) Leaving or withdrawing from an organization or situation
C) Taking control of a situation
D) Joining a new organization

3. What does 'Voice' signify in Hirschman's theory?

A) Choosing to leave a situation
B) Reorganizing an organization
C) Ignoring the issues at hand
D) Expressing dissatisfaction to improve a situation

4. Why might someone choose Exit over Voice?

A) Trust in the current leadership
B) Belief that change is unlikely
C) Goal to improve conditions
D) Desire to engage in dialogue

5. According to Hirschman, which factor might reduce the likelihood of Exit?

A) Desire for change
B) Strong loyalty to an organization
C) Negative experiences
D) Frustration with leadership

6. In which year was 'Exit, Voice, and Loyalty' published?

A) 1980
B) 1970
C) 1990
D) 1965

7. A central theme of Hirschman’s work is the balance between which two actions?

A) Leadership and Followership
B) Action and Inaction
C) Investment and Withdrawal
D) Exit and Voice

8. What role does 'Loyalty' play in Hirschman's framework?

A) Forming coalitions with others
B) Encourages individuals to use Voice rather than Exit
C) Advocating for complete withdrawal
D) Developing new models of leadership

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