Plant intelligence - Quiz
Plant intelligence
  • 1. What is the primary argument of the Cellular Basis of Consciousness (CBC) model?
A) Intelligence requires a brain
B) Only plant cells are conscious
C) Only neurons are conscious
D) All cells are conscious
  • 2. Why is the CBC model criticized?
A) It ignores genetic data
B) It contradicts neurobiology
C) It is not published in journals
D) It lacks empirical evidence
  • 3. How are terms like plant 'neural networks' generally regarded by researchers?
A) As metaphors
B) As outdated scientific terms
C) As distinct from artificial intelligence
D) As proven biological facts
  • 4. Who defines intelligence as 'profiting from experience'?
A) Daniel A. Chamovitz
B) Anthony Trewavas
C) Stefano Mancuso
D) Herbert Spencer Jennings
  • 5. How do Robert J. Sternberg and Douglas K. Detterman define intelligence?
A) The capacity to grow towards light
B) The ability to reproduce
C) A capacity for problem-solving
D) A collection of neurons
  • 6. What is the main reason Daniel A. Chamovitz believes plant intelligence is not a valid scientific field?
A) Plants lack cells
B) It lacks an objective definition
C) The field is too expensive
D) It is not popular among botanists
  • 7. What was the original name of the Society of Plant Signaling and Behavior?
A) Botanical Consciousness Association
B) Society for Plant Intelligence
C) International Laboratory of Plant Neurobiology
D) Society for Plant Neurobiology
  • 8. In what year was the Society for Plant Neurobiology established?
A) 2005
B) 2016
C) 2009
D) 2018
  • 9. Who heads the International Laboratory of Plant Neurobiology?
A) František Baluška
B) Anthony Trewavas
C) Stefano Mancuso
D) Daniel A. Chamovitz
  • 10. Why was the Society for Plant Neurobiology renamed to the Society of Plant Signaling and Behavior?
A) The laboratory closed down
B) A disagreement regarding plant intelligence definitions
C) Lack of funding
D) Criticism from botanists and negative career impacts
  • 11. What does Shane Legg and Marcus Hutter's summary state about intelligence?
A) It is defined by the number of neurons
B) It is an individual's ability to adapt to environments
C) It is strictly a biological phenomenon
D) It is only present in multicellular organisms
  • 12. How does Chamovitz describe the current state of the definition of intelligence?
A) Universally accepted
B) Highly scientific
C) Overly vague
D) Too narrow
  • 13. Are phloem structures considered convergent to neurons?
A) Yes
B) No
C) Only in certain plant species
D) Only in laboratory settings
  • 14. What criterion does Chamovitz claim scientific study must meet?
A) Must be universally accepted
B) Must be testable and falsifiable
C) Must have financial backing
D) Must involve animal models
  • 15. Which researcher proposed the Cellular Basis of Consciousness (CBC) model in 2021?
A) Herbert Spencer Jennings
B) Marcus Hutter
C) František Baluška
D) Shane Legg
  • 16. In what year did Dorothy Retallack publish The Sound of Music and Plants?
A) 1973
B) 1970
C) 1980
D) 2003
  • 17. According to Retallack's experiments, which genre of music caused plants to die?
A) Classical
B) Acid rock
C) Country
D) Jazz
  • 18. Who is credited with reintroducing the idea of plant intelligence in the early 2000s?
A) Charles Darwin
B) Dorothy Retallack
C) Anthony Trewavas
D) Peter Wohlleben
  • 19. In 2014, what did Trewavas compare plant cognition to?
A) Insect swarm behaviors
B) Artificial intelligence algorithms
C) Single-celled bacteria movement
D) Mammalian brain activity
  • 20. Where does the organization of plant roots originate, according to Trewavas?
A) The leaves
B) The stem
C) The vascular tissue
D) The root tip
  • 21. Who first mooted the notion of a 'root brain' in 1880?
A) Peter A. Crisp
B) Anthony Trewavas
C) Charles Darwin
D) Dorothy Retallack
  • 22. What discovery was made by biologists at the University of Birmingham in 2017?
A) Plants recognize human faces
B) Plants can speak to one another
C) A decision-making center in the root tip of dormant seeds
D) Plants produce their own glucose through neural signals
  • 23. What mechanism explains the regulation of flowering in A. thaliana via vernalization?
A) Water consumption
B) Turning off the AtFLC flowering inhibitor gene
C) Increased oxygen levels
D) Increased sunlight exposure
  • 24. What happened to Venus flytraps when exposed to anesthetics in the 2017 study by Yokawa?
A) They changed color
B) They grew faster
C) They bloomed immediately
D) They stopped generating electrical signals
  • 25. Who authored the 1811 essay regarding sensation in vegetables?
A) Gustav Fechner
B) James Perchard Tupper
C) Federico Delpino
D) Charles Darwin
  • 26. Who authored the 1900 book Intelligence in Plants and Animals?
A) Maurice Maeterlinck
B) Royal Dixon
C) Arthur Smith
D) Thomas G. Gentry
  • 27. What did Captain Arthur Smith argue was not necessary for consciousness?
A) Water.
B) The brain.
C) Sunlight.
D) Photosynthesis.
  • 28. Which plant does the text mention as responding to light touch, shadows, and darkness?
A) Sunflower
B) Oak tree
C) Venus Flytrap
D) Mimosa
  • 29. Who argued in 1914 that plants are sentient and have minds and souls?
A) Federico Delpino
B) James Perchard Tupper
C) Charles Fletcher Argyll Saxby
D) Royal Dixon
  • 30. Who stated that plants exhibit an electric response under stimuli?
A) Karl F. Kellerman
B) George Bernard Shaw
C) Jagadish Chandra Bose
D) Patrick Geddes
  • 31. What reaction did a cabbage display in Bose's laboratory demonstration?
A) Convulsions
B) Emission of light
C) Sudden growth
D) Change in color
  • 32. Which famous playwright visited Bose's laboratory?
A) Oscar Wilde
B) George Bernard Shaw
C) Samuel Beckett
D) William Shakespeare
  • 33. According to Kellerman, what else shows variations in resistance to electric current?
A) Only animal tissue
B) Nothing else exists
C) Water vapor
D) Dead matter
  • 34. How did the visitor George Bernard Shaw feel after the cabbage demonstration?
A) Completely indifferent
B) Highly impressed
C) Deeply amused
D) Intensely disturbed
  • 35. What year did Cleve Backster first become interested in measuring plant responses?
A) 1966
B) 1975
C) 1973
D) 1960
  • 36. What device did Backster attach to the philodendron leaf to measure electrical resistance?
A) Polygraph
B) Galvanometer
C) EEG
D) Thermometer
  • 37. What is the term used to describe the theory that plants respond to emotions and intents?
A) Plant magnetism
B) Botanical sentience
C) Primary consciousness
D) Backster effect
  • 38. What species was used in the 1975 experiment regarding the killing of organisms in boiling water?
A) Earthworms
B) Fruit flies
C) Brine shrimp
D) Garden snails
  • 39. How many brine shrimp deliveries to boiling water were used in the 1975 study?
A) 60
B) 5
C) 7
D) 13
  • 40. According to the text, what was the primary conclusion of the 1975 study by Horowitz, Lewis, and Gasteiger?
A) The results were not statistically significant
B) Plants require electricity to show emotion
C) The theory was proven correct
D) Plants react to brine shrimp death
  • 41. How many plants was the original 'Backster effect' based on according to John M. Kmetz?
A) Sixty
B) Five
C) Seven
D) Thirteen
  • 42. What device did MythBusters use in later experiments that failed to detect any response?
A) Polygraph
B) X-ray
C) Galvanometer
D) EEG
  • 43. What did the television show MythBusters conclude about the Backster effect?
A) The theory is plausible
B) The theory was not true
C) Plants are sentient but shy
D) The results were inconclusive
  • 44. How did philosopher Yogi H. Hendlin describe the research in 'The Secret Life of Plants'?
A) Unmethodical citizen science
B) Rigorous biological study
C) Peer-reviewed analysis
D) Essential botanical reading
  • 45. What condition do animals need to be considered likely to be conscious?
A) A basic cell structure.
B) A sufficiently complex nervous system.
C) The ability to photosynthesize.
D) High levels of chlorophyll.
  • 46. What is the primary argument made by Taiz et al. (2019) regarding plant consciousness?
A) Plants have a primitive form of consciousness
B) Plants are conscious but lack language
C) Plants neither possess nor require consciousness
D) Plant consciousness is proven by electrical signals
  • 47. According to Robinson and Draguhn (2021), what do plants lack that prevents them from having a nervous system?
A) Cell walls
B) Vacuoles
C) Synapses
D) Chlorophyll
  • 48. Which author wrote 'The Light Eaters: How the Unseen World of Plant Intelligence Offers a New Understanding of Life on Earth'?
A) Yiannis Manetas
B) Stefano Mancuso
C) Massimo Pigliucci
D) Zoë Schlanger
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