- 1. The Roman Ruins of Jerash, located in northern Jordan, are among the best-preserved remnants of ancient Roman architecture in the world, often referred to as the 'Pompeii of the East.' Founded in the 3rd century BC, Jerash was once a thriving city known as Gerasa, a member of the Decapolis, a league of ten cities that prospered during the Roman period. The ruins encompass a vast array of monumental structures, including a remarkable collection of temples, theaters, plazas, and colonnaded streets that seamlessly integrate into the surrounding landscape. The most striking feature is the Oval Plaza, surrounded by 160 towering columns, which serves as a magnificent entrance to the city. Visitors can also explore the impressive South Theater, with a seating capacity of 3,000 spectators, and the Temple of Artemis, dedicated to the city’s patron goddess, showcasing intricate Corinthian columns and detailed friezes. The site is not only a testament to Roman engineering and urban planning but also offers insights into the cultural exchanges that took place in this vibrant city, where Hellenistic, Roman, and Oriental influences converged. Today, Jerash stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, attracting archaeologists and tourists alike, all eager to immerse themselves in the echoes of history and the grandeur of this ancient settlement.
In which country are the Roman ruins of Jerash located?
A) Turkey
B) Syria
C) Jordan
D) Lebanon
- 2. What ancient civilization is primarily responsible for the ruins of Jerash?
A) Roman
B) Ottoman
C) Greek
D) Byzantine
- 3. Which famous structure in Jerash is known for its 12 Corinthian columns?
A) Nymphaeum
B) Oval Plaza
C) Triumphal Arch
D) Temple of Artemis
- 4. What is the main street in Jerash called?
A) Cardo Maximus
B) Via Sacra
C) Decumanus
D) Appian Way
- 5. Which arch is considered a notable entry point to Jerash?
A) Severan Arch
B) Hadrian's Arch
C) Constantine's Arch
D) Augustan Arch
- 6. Which theater in Jerash can seat about 3,000 spectators?
A) Amphitheater
B) South Theater
C) North Theater
D) Roman Theater
- 7. What type of art is prominently displayed in Jerash?
A) Frescoes
B) Sculptures
C) Ceramics
D) Mosaics
- 8. What type of climate does Jerash have?
A) Desert
B) Mediterranean
C) Continental
D) Tropical
- 9. What aspect of Jerash architecture demonstrates Roman engineering prowess?
A) The lack of decorative elements.
B) The usage of brick.
C) The massive walls.
D) The sophisticated drainage systems.
- 10. Which civilization initially settled Jerash before Roman rule?
A) The Assyrians.
B) The Egyptians.
C) The Persians.
D) The Greeks.
- 11. What type of ancient structure is the Nymphaeum?
A) Market
B) Temple
C) Fountain
D) Theater
- 12. What other name is Jerash historically known by?
A) Ammon.
B) Gadara.
C) Philadelphia.
D) Gerasa.
- 13. Which Roman general is believed to have visited Jerash?
A) Trajan
B) Augustus
C) Pompey
D) Julius Caesar
- 14. What notable street features been restored in Jerash?
A) Colonnaded street
B) Market street
C) Residential street
D) Imperial street
- 15. What form of government ruled Jerash during the height of its prosperity?
A) Byzantine Empire
B) Ottoman Empire
C) Roman Empire
D) Greek Kingdom
- 16. Jerash is often referred to by what nickname?
A) Pompeii of the East
B) Rome of the East
C) Alexandria of the East
D) Athens of the East
- 17. Which festival is celebrated in Jerash annually?
A) Jerash Festival of Culture and Arts
B) Jerash Food Festival
C) Jerash Heritage Festival
D) Jerash Music Festival
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